Contents

• BOARD ON TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS
• COMMITTEE ON PYRENE AND SELECTED ANALOGUES
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• INTRODUCTION
• 1. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM MOBILE SOURCES AND THEIR ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS
  • FUEL CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES
  • TYPES OF MOBILE SOURCES AND THEIR RELATIVE IMPORTANCE
  • PAH EMISSION FROM MOBILE SOURCES
  • SAMPLING OF EXHAUST FROM MOBILE SOURCES
  • QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF EMISSION FROM MOBILE SOURCES
  • QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF PAH EMISSION FROM MOBILE SOURCES
  • FUTURE CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
  • REFERENCES
• 2. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM NATURAL AND STATIONARY ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES AND THEIR ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS
  • PAH COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM AND FOSSIL-FUEL PRODUCTS
  • WOOD-BURNING FOR HEAT AND POWER GENERATION
  • REFUSE BURNING AND INCINERATION
  • METAL PROCESSING
  • NATURAL SOURCES
  • REFERENCES
• 3. ATMOSPHERIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
  • GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS: PERSISTENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PAHs
  • PAH FORMATION: CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
  • PHYSICAL REMOVAL PROCESSES FOR ATMOSPHERIC PAHs
  • CHEMICAL REMOVAL PROCESSES FOR ATMOSPHERIC PAHs
  • INTERACTIONS OF DEPOSITED PAHs WITH AMBIENT POLLUTANTS
  • PAHs IN AMBIENT AIR
  • REFERENCES
• 4. BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF SMOKE, EMISSION, AND SOME OF THEIR PAH COMPONENTS
  • TOXICITY TO SPECIFIC ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS
  • SHORT-TERM MODEL SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING EFFECTS
  • MUTAGENESIS
  • CARCINOGENESIS
  • SUMMARY OF ANIMAL-CELL MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS DATA
  • REFERENCES
• 5. EFFECTIVE BIOLOGIC DOSE
  • PHARMACOKINETICS
  • METABOLISM OF PAHs
  • IN VIVO FORMATION AND DISAPPEARANCE OF PAH METABOLITE-DNA ADDUCTS
  • PAH METABOLITE-DNA ADDUCT AMOUNTS AS A MEASURE OF EFFECTIVE BIOLOGIC DOSE OF SOME PAH TOXICITY
  • REFERENCES
• 6. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN FOOD AND WATER AND THEIR METABOLISM BY HUMAN TISSUES
  • PAH METABOLISM BY HUMAN TISSUES
  • HUMAN EXPOSURES TO PAHs: A BRIEF SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
• 7. SOME FACTORS THAT AFFECT SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HUMANS TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
  • EFFECT OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES
  • STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
  • MODIFYING FACTORS
  • REFERENCES
• 8. SUMMARY
  • SOURCES, ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENCE, AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PAHs
  • BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF SMOKE, EMISSION, AND SOME OF THEIR PAH COMPONENTS
  • EFFECTIVE BIOLOGIC DOSE
  • HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AND METABOLISM OF PAHs
  • POPULATIONS OF HYPERSENSITIVE PERSONS
• 9. RECOMMENDATIONS
  • MOBILE SOURCES
  • ATMOSPHERE
  • EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMAL STUDIES
  • DNA ADDUCTS, ENZYME INDUCERS, AND REPAIR
  • HUMAN STUDIES
• APPENDIX A LISTS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
• APPENDIX B POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE
• APPENDIX C HUMAN-CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT
• APPENDIX D PUBLIC DECISION-MAKING WITH RESPECT TO ATMOSPHERIC PAH SOURCES AND EMISSIONS

The work on which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract 68–01–4655 with the Office of Research and Development of the Environmental Protection Agency.

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competence and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its Congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.