Contents

• INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE Division of Health Sciences Policy
• INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
• PREFACE
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
  • Charge to the Planning Committee
  • Work of the Planning Committee
  • Rationale for an Integrated Look at Major Issues
  • Committee Conclusions
  • Proposed Plan
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 2. LOOKING AHEAD: AN AGENDA GROUP ON EDUCATION OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
  • Composition and Qualities of the Agenda Group
  • Activities of the Agenda Group
  • Sponsorship of the Agenda Group
  • Financial Support
  • Implementation of the Agenda Group Recommendations
  • Summary of the Strategic Approach of the Agenda Group
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 3. ISSUES FOR TARGETED STUDY
  • Study Issue 1: Financial Pressures on Medical Education
  • Impact on Teaching Hospitals and Medical Schools
  • Study Issue 2: The Changing Role of the Physician
  • Study Issue 3: The Cultures of the Medical Education System
  • Study Issue 4: The Science Base of Medicine
  • Conclusion
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 4. THE PHYSICIAN'S ROLE IN A CHANGING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
  • The Provision of Health Care—An Overview
  • Mortality and Morbidity
  • Utilization of Services
  • Providers of Care
  • Financing Health Services
  • Health Care Personnel
  • Role of Physicians
  • Conclusion
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 5. INNOVATIVE MODELS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY: AN OVERVIEW WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CURRICULUM AND PROGRAM EVALUATION
  • PART I
  • PART II
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 6. INFUSION OF NEW FIELDS INTO MEDICAL EDUCATION
  • Aging in Medical Education
  • Behavioral Sciences in Medical Education
  • Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Medical Education
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 7. MEDICAL SCHOOL ADMISSIONS
  • Application Activity
  • Increasing Minority and Women Enrollments
  • College Majors of Medical School Applicants
  • Academic Performance and Test Scores of Entering Medical Students
  • Selection Factors
  • The Selection Process
  • Evaluation of Admissions Measures
  • Other Considerations in Selection Decisions
  • Data on Predictors of Selection Versus Rejection
  • Predicting the “Good” Physician
  • Predicting Clinical Performance
  • Summary
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 8. HOW THE MEDICAL STUDENT FINANCES EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES
  • Introduction
  • Medical School Revenues
  • Trends in Tuitions
  • Individual Student's Tuition Costs, Indebtedness, and Sources of Support
  • National Loan and Scholarship Programs
  • Effects of Changes in the Availability of Financial Assistance Programs
  • Summary
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 9. THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON MEDICAL STUDENTS' CAREER CHOICES
  • Medical Education as an Investment
  • Economic Returns on Investments in Medical Education
  • Economic Returns and the Demand for Medical School Places
  • Economic Influences on Specialty Choice
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 10. FINANCING MEDICAL EDUCATION
  • Introduction
  • Government Involvement in Financing Medical Education
  • Patient-Care Services
  • Conclusion
  • REFERENCES
• Chapter 11. SUPPLY OF PHYSICIANS FOR THE FUTURE: WHAT ARE THE NEEDS?
  • Introduction
  • Difficulty of Estimating Requirements for Health Professionals
  • Expected Changes in the Structure of the Health Care System
  • Need for Development of a National Health-Manpower Policy
  • Recommendation for a Study
  • REFERENCES
• Appendix A BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Appendix B–1 TEACHING HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Appendix B–2 FINANCING MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Appendix C–1 IOM/JOSIAH MACY, JR. FOUNDATION WORKSHOP ON CHANGING COSTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE IMPACT ON THE MIX OF STUDENTS
• Appendix C–2 COMMENTS ON THE SUMMARY
• Appendix C–3 PARTICIPANTS
• Appendix D–1 SUMMARY OF VISIT TO MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
• Appendix D–2 SUMMARY OF VISIT TO INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• Appendix D–3 SUMMARY OF VISITS TO BEN GURION UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES AND HADASSAH MEDICAL SCHOOL
• Appendix E–1 LETTER REQUESTING INFORMATION ON MEDICAL EDUCATION ABROAD
• Appendix E–2 RESPONSES TO LETTER SURVEY MARCH 1982
• Appendix F TYPICAL PATTERN OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

This study was supported by The Pew Memorial Trust. 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 (202) 334–3300

NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The Institute of Medicine was chartered in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to enlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. In this, the Institute acts under both the Academy's 1863 Congressional charter responsibility to be an advisor to the federal government and its own initiative in identifying issues of medical care, research, and education.