A timely symposium entitled Body-Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration was held at Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil in 2011. This meeting was convened as an official satellite of a joint gathering of the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience (ISAN) and the American Autonomic Society (AAS) held in Buzios, Rio de Janeiro. Broad international participation at this event generated stimulating discussion among the invited speakers, leading to the publication of Neurobiology of Body Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration.

Drawn from the proceedings and filled with rich examples of integrative neurobiology and regulatory physiology, this volume:

• Provides updated research using human and animal models for the control of bodily fluids, thirst, and salt appetite
• Explores neural and endocrine control of body fluid balance, arterial pressure, thermoregulation, and ingestive behavior
• Discusses recent developments in molecular genetics, cell biology, and behavioral plasticity
• Reviews key aspects of brain serotonin and steroid and peptide control of fluid consumption and arterial pressure

The book highlights research conducted by leading scientists on signal transduction and sensory afferent mechanisms, molecular genetics, perinatal and adult longterm influences on regulation, central neural integrative circuitry, and autonomic/neuroendocrine effector systems. The findings discussed by the learned contributors are relevant for a basic understanding of disorders such as heat injury, hypertension, and excess salt intake. A unique reference on the neurobiology of body fluid homeostasis, this volume is certain to fuel additional research and stimulate further debate on the topic.

Contents

• Dedication
• Preface
• Editors
• Contributors
• 1. The Human Penchant for Deranged Salt Balance
  Micah Leshem.
  • 1.1 OVERVIEW
  • 1.2 CONSEQUENCES AND STUDY OF DERANGED SALT INTAKE
  • 1.3 DERANGED INTAKE OF SALT
  • 1.4 EXTANT NOTIONS ABOUT WHY WE HAVE DERANGED INTAKE
  • 1.5 NOVEL NOTIONS ABOUT WHY WE HAVE DERANGED INTAKE
  • 1.6 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 2. Circumventricular Organs: Integrators of Circulating Signals Controlling Hydration, Energy Balance, and Immune Function
  Alastair V Ferguson.
  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION: FEEDBACK CONTROL PATHWAYS IN CENTRAL AUTONOMIC CONTROL
  • 2.2 FLUID BALANCE
  • 2.3 METABOLIC CONTROL
  • 2.4 ANATOMICAL CONNECTIONS OF SFO
  • 2.5 SFO—A PLURIPOTENT SENSOR OF CIRCULATING SIGNALS
  • 2.6 INTEGRATION BY NONSELECTIVE CATION CHANNELS
  • REFERENCES
• 3. Neuroendocrinology of Hydromineral Homeostasis
  José Antunes-Rodrigues, Silvia G Ruginsk, André S Mecawi, Lisandra O Margatho, Wagner L Reis, Renato R Ventura, Andréia L da Silva, Tatiane Vilhena-Franco, and Lucila L. K Elias.
  • 3.1 SENSORY AND NEUROENDOCRINE INTEGRATION IN CONTROL OF FLUID BALANCE
  • 3.2 NEUROCHEMICAL PATHWAYS REGULATING EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME AND OSMOLALITY
  • 3.3 GASEOUS NEUROMODULATORS AND HYDROMINERAL BALANCE
  • 3.4 PURINERGIC SYSTEM AND CONTROL OF FLUID BALANCE
  • 3.5 HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY–ADRENAL AXIS AND CONTROL OF FLUID BALANCE
  • 3.6 GONADAL STEROIDS AND CONTROL OF FLUID BALANCE
  • 3.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 4. Preoptic–Periventricular Integrative Mechanisms Involved in Behavior, Fluid–Electrolyte Balance, and Pressor Responses
  José Vanderlei Menani, Alexandre A Vieira, Débora S. A Colombari, Patrícia M De Paula, Eduardo Colombari, and Laurival A De Luca Jr.
  • 4.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2 ELECTROLYTIC LESIONS OF AV3V: GENERAL EFFECTS ON CONTROL OF BODY FLUID HOMEOSTASIS
  • 4.3 AV3V REGION: CONTROL OF SALIVARY GLAND FUNCTION AND THERMOREGULATION
  • 4.4 IMPORTANCE OF AV3V REGION FOR RECOVERY FROM HEMORRHAGE
  • 4.5 IMPORTANCE OF AV3V FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO ACTIVATION OF HINDBRAIN AREAS
  • 4.6 AV3V LESION: BRAIN PLASTICITY AND RESILIENCE
  • 4.7 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 5. Diverse Roles of Angiotensin Receptor Intracellular Signaling Pathways in the Control of Water and Salt Intake
  Derek Daniels.
  • 5.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.2 ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR STRUCTURE AND SIGNALING
  • 5.3 DIVERGENT BEHAVIORAL RELEVANCE OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAYS
  • 5.4 DIVERSE ROLES OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE CONTROL OF WATER INTAKE
  • 5.5 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 6. Separating Thirst from Hunger
  Gina L. C Yosten and Willis K Samson.
  • 6.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.2 DRINKING SEPARATED FROM FEEDING
  • 6.3 FEEDING AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DRINKING
  • 6.4 THIRST INDEPENDENT OF HUNGER: ROLE OF BAROREFLEX
  • 6.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 7. Interdependent Preoptic Osmoregulatory and Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Influencing Body Fluid Balance and Heat Defense
  Michael J McKinley and Michael L Mathai.
  • 7.1 THERMOREGULATION AND BODY FLUID HOMEOSTASIS
  • 7.2 THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES TO INCREASING CORE BODY TEMPERATURE
  • 7.3 HOMEOSTATIC RESPONSES TO DEHYDRATION RESULTING FROM SWEATING, PANTING, OR SALIVA LOSS
  • 7.4 OSMORECEPTOR MEDIATION OF INHIBITION OF PANTING
  • 7.5 SITE OF CEREBRAL OSMORECEPTORS INFLUENCING THERMOREGULATORY PANTING
  • 7.6 EFFECT OF DRINKING ON THERMOREGULATION
  • 7.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 8. Catecholaminergic Medullary Pathways and Cardiovascular Responses to Expanded Circulating Volume and Increased Osmolarity
  Gustavo R Pedrino, Daniel A Rosa, Oswaldo U Lopes, and Sergio L Cravo.
  • 8.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 8.2 HYPERTONIC VOLUME EXPANSION: NEUROENDOCRINE AND SYMPATHETIC REFLEXES
  • 8.3 RECOVERY FROM HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK, HYPERTONICITY, AND CAROTID CHEMORECEPTION
  • 8.4 CENTRAL PROCESSING OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND SYMPATHETIC REFLEXES: THE BRAINSTEM–HYPOTHALAMIC/PREOPTIC AXIS
  • 8.5 BRAIN NORADRENERGIC CONTROL OF RESPONSES TO VOLUME EXPANSION AND SODIUM LOAD
  • REFERENCES
• 9. Neurochemical Circuits Subserving Fluid Balance and Baroreflex: A Role for Serotonin, Oxytocin, and Gonadal Steroids
  Laura Vivas, Andrea Godino, Carolina Dalmasso, Ximena E Caeiro, Ana F Macchione, and Maria J Cambiasso.
  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9.2 MAPPING BRAIN NUCLEI INVOLVED IN APPETITIVE AND SATIETY PHASES OF SODIUM APPETITE
  • 9.3 SEROTONIN AND OXYTOCIN: NEUROCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF HYPERTONICITY AND SODIUM APPETITE
  • 9.4 NEURAL PATHWAYS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN APPETITIVE AND SATIETY SYSTEMS
  • 9.5 ESTROGEN-DEPENDENT INHIBITION OF SODIUM APPETITE: A ROLE FOR SEROTONIN
  • 9.6 SEX CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT: ANG II AND GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN BAROREFLEX
  • 9.7 CONCLUDING COMMENTS
  • REFERENCES
• 10. Brain Serotonergic Receptors and Control of Fluid Intake and Cardiovascular Function in Rats
  Josmara B Fregoneze, Hilda S Ferreira, and Carla Patricia N Luz.
  • 10.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 10.2 OVERVIEW OF BRAIN SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM
  • 10.3 SEROTONIN AND FLUID INTAKE
  • 10.4 SEROTONIN AND BLOOD PRESSURE
  • 10.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 11. Serotonergic Autoinhibition within Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Modulates Sodium Appetite
  André S Mecawi, Fabricia V Fonseca, Iracema G de Araujo, and Luis C Reis.
  • 11.1 ORGANIZATION OF MIDBRAIN DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS (DRN): CONTROL OF SEROTONERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION
  • 11.2 MIDBRAIN DRN MODULATES SALT INTAKE AND RENAL SODIUM EXCRETION: INTERACTION WITH LAMINA TERMINALIS
  • 11.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 12. A Classic Innate Behavior, Sodium Appetite, Is Driven by Hypothalamic Gene-Regulatory Programs Previously Linked to Addiction and Reward
  Wolfgang Liedtke.
  • 12.1 OUR RECENT RESULTS AGAINST CLASSIC CONCEPTS OF INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOR
  • 12.2 MORE DETAILED REVISITING OF OUR RESULTS
  • 12.3 PARTICULAR FEATURES OF GSEA
  • 12.4 SODIUM APPETITE AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON DOPAMINE RECEPTOR 1
  • 12.5 SATIETY/GRATIFICATION GENE REGULATION IN VIRTUAL ABSENCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RE-EQUILIBRATION
  • 12.6 SUM-UP
  • REFERENCES
• 13. Development of Local RAS in Cardiovascular/Body Fluid Regulatory Systems and Hypertension in Fetal Origins
  Caiping Mao, Lijun Shi, Na Li, Feichao Xu, and Zhice Xu.
  • 13.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 13.2 OVERVIEW OF RAS
  • 13.3 EFFECTS OF RAS IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT
  • 13.4 FETAL RAS IN BODY FLUID HOMEOSTASIS
  • 13.5 FETAL RAS IN CARDIOVASCULAR CONTROL
  • 13.6 FETAL RAS—PROGRAMMING TARGET OF HYPERTENSION
  • 13.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 14. Sodium Appetite Sensitization
  Seth W Hurley, Robert L Thunhorst, and Alan Kim Johnson.
  • 14.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
  • 14.2 PARAMETERS OF SODIUM APPETITE AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES
  • 14.3 SODIUM APPETITE, RESPONSE SENSITIZATION, AND NEUROPLASTICITY
  • 14.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 15. Homeostasis and Body Fluid Regulation: An End Note
  Laurival A De Luca Jr, Richard B David, and José V Menani.
  • 15.1 HOMEOSTASIS: A CRITICIZED CONCEPT
  • 15.2 HOMEOSTASIS AS DEFINED BY CANNON
  • 15.3 HOMEOSTASIS VERSUS HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS: EXAMPLE OF SODIUM
  • 15.4 MINERAL INTAKE AND HOMEOSTASIS
  • 15.5 CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES