Torsion angles that define the conformation of the glycosidic linkages φ, ψ, and ω. (a) Newman projection along the C1—O1 bond illustrating φ for the 1∅︀ 6 glycosidic bond. (b) Newman projection along the C6′—O1 bond illustrating ψ for a 1∅︀6 linkage. (c) Newman projection along the C5′—C6′ bond illustrating ω for a 1∅︀6 linkage. The lobes on the glycosidic oxygen atom represent lone pairs of electrons. The torsion angles depicted are arbitrary and do not necessarily reflect the most stable conformation.