Table 6Characteristics of CNS Infections
Virus | Mode of entry | Cells infecteda | Pathologic featuresb | Location of lesionsc | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cas-Br-E MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | microglia | spongiform lesions; gliosis, neuronal loss; demyelination | lumbar spinal cord; cerebellar nuclei; brain stem | Lynch et al. (1991); Gravel et al. (1993) |
ts1 Mo-MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | microglia | spongiform lesions, gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebral cortex; lumbar spinal cord; brain stem; cerebellar nuclei | Zachary et al. (1986); Baszlar and Zachary 1990, 1991 |
ts-Mo-BA-1 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | unknown | spongiform lesions; gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebellar nuclei; brain stem; cervical spinal cord | Bilello et al. (1986) |
PVC-211 | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells | spongiform lesions; gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebellar subcortex; brain stem; spinal cord | Kai and Furuta (1984); Hoffman et al. (1992a) |
NT40 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells, microglia | spongiform lesions | brain stem; cerebellum | Czub et al. (1995) |
FMCF98 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells, glial cells | astrogliosis | cerebellar cortex; deep cerebellar nuclei | Portis et al. (1995) |
TR1.3 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells | intracerebral hemorrhage; endothelial cell lysis | endothelial cells in white and grey matter | Park et al. (1993, 1994b) |
HTLV-1 | ? infiltration of infected T cells | unknown | meningitis; degeneration of pyramidal tracts; demyelination; inflammation | spinal cord | Gessain and Gout (1992) |
MVV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | ? oligodendrocytes | demyelination; inflammation; gliosis | brain; spinal cord | Narayan and Cork (1985); Georgsson (1994) |
CAEV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | unknown | demyelination; inflammation; gliosis | brain; spinal cord | McGuire et al. (1990) |
EIAV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | unknown | gliosis | brain; spinal cord; meninges | Cheevers and McGuire (1988); Montelaro et al. (1993) |
FIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | microglia | gliosis; vacuolation; inflammation | subcortex; mid-brain, thalamus; cerebral cortex | Pedersen (1993) |
SIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | macrophages, microglia | demyelination; vacuolation; multinucleate giant cells | brain and spinal cord; leptomeninges | see Chapter 11 |
HIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | macrophages, microglia | gliosis; demyelination; vacuolation; multinucleate giant cells | white and gray matter; cerebral cortex; basal ganglia; hippocampus; spinal cord | see Chapter 11 |
(HTLV-1) Human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1; (MVV) maedi/visna virus; (CAEV) caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; (FIV) feline immunodeficiency virus; (EIAV) equine infectious anemia virus; (SIV) simian immunodeficiency virus; (HIV) human immunodeficiency virus; (FMCF) Friend mink cell focus-forming virus.
- a
The cell types within the CNS that are prominently infected with the virus are listed.
- b
The most commonly observed pathological changes are given.
- c
The regions of the CNS that are most prominently affected are listed.
- Table 6, Characteristics of CNS Infections - RetrovirusesTable 6, Characteristics of CNS Infections - Retroviruses
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