AbstractHoploscopa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a fern-feeding genus found in montane areas of South-East Asia and Melanesia, eastwards up to the Samoan Islands. It includes sixteen described species, with at least 70 further undescribed species known from collections. In order to explore the diversity of Hoploscopa, we revise the hitherto described species and provide description for additional 27 new species following an iterative approach including morphological and molecular characters: H. agtuuganonensis sp. n., H. albipuncta sp. n., H. albomaculata sp. n., H. anacantha sp. n., H. boleta sp. n., H. cynodonta sp. n., H. danaoensis sp. n., H. gombongi sp. n., H. gracilis sp. n., H. ignitamaculae sp. n., H. isarogensis sp. n., H. jubata sp. n., H. kelama sp. n., H. kinabaluensis sp. n., H. mallyi sp. n., H. marijoweissae sp. n., H. matheae sp. n., H. niveofascia sp. n., H. pangrangoensis sp. n., H. parvimacula sp. n., H. pseudometacrossa sp. n., H. sepanggi sp. n., H. singgalangensis sp. n., H. sumatrensis sp. n., H. titika sp. n., H. tonsepi sp. n., H. ypsilon sp. n. Using a protocol specific for the amplification of DNA from old museum specimens, we recovered 102 COI barcodes – of which 76 barcode sequences over 487bp – for all but one of the newly described species. Maximum Likelihood COI analysis recovered all but two species monophyletic with strong support and suggests several species groups congruent with morphological characters. Diversity of the genus and biogeographical patterns observed are discussed.
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