The study of endangered fish species is a quite complex process that involves in worst case, the sacrifice of specimens. To solve this ethical problem, some laboratory studies have been conducted in the skin mocus layer (SML) on fish species with valuable results. However, to date a research evaluating a panel of biomarkers on the SML of wild fish does not exist. In the current study we assessed the effects of pollutants (E1, E2, E3, EE2, BPA, NP, OP, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, C10H8, C16H10, C18H12, B[a]P C20H12, B[k]F C20H12, C22H12) by a panel of biomarkers (O2•, H2O2, TBARS, RC=O, SOD, CAT, GPx, VTG and MT) evaluated in the SML of the wild endangered Girardinichthys viviparus inhabit from two polluted lakes on Mexico Valley. Possible relationships were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The main finding was a clear induction of pro-oxidant forces (ROS) in the SML probably related with biotransformation of estrogenic and phenolic compounds; in addtion to redox process of Cu and Fe. As a consequence, oxidative stress (TBARS and RC=O) and increases of antioxidant defenses was observed. In male fish, VTG was associated with BPA apparently potentiated by Cu and Fe water concentrations; meanwhile, in female fish VTG was linked to estrogens. By PCA, MT was correlated with Fe and Cu; however, was not linked with diminution of oxidative stress. For first time have been demonstrated the useful of the SML using a panel of biomarkers for the wild fish health monitoring.
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