The National Park “La Campana” (PNLC) has been globally recognized as a biodiversity hotspot. However, few studies consider the microbial community diversity and its variability in this unique landscape. This study focused on the composition of bacteria, archaea and fungi and their relationship with the vegetational topographic and climatic altitudinal gradient, such as: i) Sclerophyllous forest- south orientation, ii) Sclerophyllous shrubland-north orientation, iii) Hygrophillous forest-V shaped Valley and iv) Palm forest-West slope facing. High throughput iTag-16S rRNA, V4 e ITS1-5F sequencing were used to characterize soil microbial composition in the different vegetation belts using DNA (n=16). Results indicate that most abundant prokaryotic phyla were Proteobacteria (34,26%), Actinobacteria (30,94%), Acidobacteria (10,65%), archaea were rare and dominated by Chrenarchaeota, whereas, fungi were mostly affiliated to Ascomycota (68,52%) and Basidiomycota (13,25%). Microbial community structure was associated with the vegetational belt, specially for sclerophyll-south compared to north. This variability was associated with meteorological variables such as precipitation and air temperature besides soil organic matter content. In conclusion, microbial communities were in close relationship with the vegetation diversity potentially playing a key role in soil-vegetation.
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