The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1; The BAR domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, also called the Arfaptin domain, is a dimerization and lipid binding module that can detect and drive membrane curvature. Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1 (PICK1), also called Protein kinase C-alpha-binding protein, is highly expressed in brain and testes. PICK1 plays a key role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, which are critical for regulating synaptic strength and may be important in cellular processes involved in learning and memory. PICK1 is also critical in the early stages of spermiogenesis. Mice deficient in PICK1 are infertile and show characteristics of the human disease globozoospermia such as round-headed sperm, reduced sperm count, and severely impaired sperm motility. PICK1 may also be involved in the neuropathogenesis of schizophrenia. PICK1 contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal BAR domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domain of PICK1 is necessary for its membrane localization and activation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 153 NDGLVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVREPQPAASEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLL 232
Cdd:cd07659     1 NDGLVKKLEELEQTAELYKGLVEHTKRLLRAFYALSQTHKEFGDLFANIGVREPQPAASEAFTKFGEAHRSIEKFGIELL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 233 KTIKPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSSIALGEPLYRVGTGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 312
Cdd:cd07659    81 KTLKPMLSDLGTYLNKAIPDTKLTIKKYADVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSYAALDEPLYRVETGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 160

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2038169821 313 TRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKEADIFPI 367
Cdd:cd07659   161 ARFAKLRQDVLEKLELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSALSEYHSDCHELLKEPDLFPI 215

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1; The BAR domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, also called the Arfaptin domain, is a dimerization and lipid binding module that can detect and drive membrane curvature. Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1 (PICK1), also called Protein kinase C-alpha-binding protein, is highly expressed in brain and testes. PICK1 plays a key role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, which are critical for regulating synaptic strength and may be important in cellular processes involved in learning and memory. PICK1 is also critical in the early stages of spermiogenesis. Mice deficient in PICK1 are infertile and show characteristics of the human disease globozoospermia such as round-headed sperm, reduced sperm count, and severely impaired sperm motility. PICK1 may also be involved in the neuropathogenesis of schizophrenia. PICK1 contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal BAR domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domain of PICK1 is necessary for its membrane localization and activation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 153 NDGLVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVREPQPAASEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLL 232
Cdd:cd07659     1 NDGLVKKLEELEQTAELYKGLVEHTKRLLRAFYALSQTHKEFGDLFANIGVREPQPAASEAFTKFGEAHRSIEKFGIELL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 233 KTIKPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSSIALGEPLYRVGTGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 312
Cdd:cd07659    81 KTLKPMLSDLGTYLNKAIPDTKLTIKKYADVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSYAALDEPLYRVETGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 160

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2038169821 313 TRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKEADIFPI 367
Cdd:cd07659   161 ARFAKLRQDVLEKLELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSALSEYHSDCHELLKEPDLFPI 215

Arfaptin-like domain; Arfaptin interacts with ARF1, a small GTPase involved in vesicle budding at the Golgi complex and immature secretory granules. The structure of arfaptin shows that upon binding to a small GTPase, arfaptin forms an elongated, crescent-shaped dimer of three-helix coiled-coils. The N-terminal region of ICA69 is similar to arfaptin.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  123 IVLKKVKHRLVENMSSGAADAlglsrAILCNDGLVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIG 202
Cdd:smart01015   1 KTYKKTKQVLIEKLGKKEDEH-----VVASDAELDAKLELLRSTQRTYEDLLKLIEKYQQRLCNLSQTENELGDFFRDLS 75

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  203 VREPQPaasEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLLKTIKPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYCLKVKE-MDDEE 281
Cdd:smart01015  76 EKDPTL---KAFGMMAETQKALCKSGEQLLAPLNPFISDVNTFVNKAIEDTLLTIKRYEDARTEYRAWMKDVSEeLDPEE 152

                          170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2038169821  282 YSSIalgeplyrvgtgnYEYRLILRCRQEARTRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVL 359
Cdd:smart01015 153 YKQL-------------EKFRKAQRQVQEAKAKFEKLRNDVCQKVDLLEASRVNVLSHQLLLFQNALAAYWEKTAHAL 217

Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2; Also called DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (relatively well conserved tetrapeptide in these domains). Some PDZs have been shown to bind C-terminal polypeptides; others appear to bind internal (non-C-terminal) polypeptides. Different PDZs possess different binding specificities.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821   26 VPGTVTLKKDSQNvIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGtIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:smart00228   1 EPRLVELEKGGGG-LGFSLVGGKDEGGGVVVSSVVPGSPAAKAG-LRVGDVILEVNGTSVEGLTHLEAVDLLKKAGGKVT 78

                   .
gi 2038169821  106 I 106
Cdd:smart00228  79 L 79

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1; The BAR domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, also called the Arfaptin domain, is a dimerization and lipid binding module that can detect and drive membrane curvature. Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1 (PICK1), also called Protein kinase C-alpha-binding protein, is highly expressed in brain and testes. PICK1 plays a key role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, which are critical for regulating synaptic strength and may be important in cellular processes involved in learning and memory. PICK1 is also critical in the early stages of spermiogenesis. Mice deficient in PICK1 are infertile and show characteristics of the human disease globozoospermia such as round-headed sperm, reduced sperm count, and severely impaired sperm motility. PICK1 may also be involved in the neuropathogenesis of schizophrenia. PICK1 contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal BAR domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domain of PICK1 is necessary for its membrane localization and activation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 153 NDGLVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVREPQPAASEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLL 232
Cdd:cd07659     1 NDGLVKKLEELEQTAELYKGLVEHTKRLLRAFYALSQTHKEFGDLFANIGVREPQPAASEAFTKFGEAHRSIEKFGIELL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 233 KTIKPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSSIALGEPLYRVGTGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 312
Cdd:cd07659    81 KTLKPMLSDLGTYLNKAIPDTKLTIKKYADVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSYAALDEPLYRVETGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 160

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2038169821 313 TRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKEADIFPI 367
Cdd:cd07659   161 ARFAKLRQDVLEKLELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSALSEYHSDCHELLKEPDLFPI 215

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, a dimerization module that binds and bends membranes; The BAR domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, also called the Arfaptin domain, is a dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing module present in Arfaptins, PICK1, ICA69, and similar proteins. Arfaptins are ubiquitously expressed proteins implicated in mediating cross-talk between Rac, a member of the Rho family GTPases, and Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) small GTPases. Arfaptins bind to GTP-bound Arf1, Arf5, and Arf6, with strongest binding to GTP-Arf1. Arfaptins also binds to Rac-GTP and Rac-GDP with similar affinities. The Arfs are thought to bind to the same surface as Rac, and their binding is mutually exclusive. Protein Interacting with C Kinase 1 (PICK1) plays a key role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, which are critical for regulating synaptic strength and may be important in cellular processes involved in learning and memory. Islet cell autoantigen 69-kDa (ICA69) is a diabetes-associated autoantigen that is involved in membrane trafficking at the Golgi complex in neurosecretory cells. ICA69 associates with PICK1 through their BAR domains to form a heterodimer which is involved in regulating the synaptic targeting and surface expression of AMPA receptors. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 153 NDGLVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVREPQPAaSEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLL 232
Cdd:cd00011     1 DLELELQLELLRETKRKYESVLQLGRALTAHLYSLSQTQHALGDAFADLSQKDPELA-GEEFGYNAEAQKLLCKNGETLL 79

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 233 KTIKPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSSIAlgeplyrvgTGNYEYRLILRCRQEAR 312
Cdd:cd00011    80 GAVNFFVSSINTLVTKAIEDTLLTVKQYEAARLEYDAYRLDLKELSLEPRDDTA---------GTRGRLRSAQATFQEHR 150

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2038169821 313 TRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKEADIF 365
Cdd:cd00011   151 DKFEKLRGDVAIKLKFLEENKIKVMHKQLLLFHNTVSAYFAGNQKVLEQTLQQ 203

PDZ domain of PICK1 (protein interacting with C-kinase 1) and similar domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PICK1, and related domains. PICK1 (also known as PRKCA-binding protein and protein kinase C-alpha-binding protein) plays a key role in regulating trafficking of binding partners by altering either their subcellular targeting and/or surface expression. PICK1 plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors; the PICK1-PDZ domain binds the AMPA receptor subunits. The PICK1 PDZ domain also binds glutamate transporters, Eph receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, and ASICs (acid-sensing ion channels), among others. Clustering and synaptic targeting of PICK1 requires direct interaction between the PDZ domain and lipid membranes. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PICK-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged as beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta- strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  28 GTVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVIIH 107
Cdd:cd06722     1 GTVTLKKDAQNLIGISIGGGAPYCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAAKDGTLAAGDEIVGVNGKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQAVKGEVTIH 80

                  ....
gi 2038169821 108 YNKL 111
Cdd:cd06722    81 YNKL 84

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Arfaptin; The BAR domain of Arfaptin-like proteins, also called the Arfaptin domain, is a dimerization and lipid binding module that can detect and drive membrane curvature. Arfaptins are ubiquitously expressed proteins implicated in mediating cross-talk between Rac, a member of the Rho family GTPases, and Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) small GTPases. Arfaptins bind to GTP-bound Arf1, Arf5, and Arf6, with strongest binding to GTP-Arf1. Arfaptins also bind to Rac-GTP and Rac-GDP with similar affinities. The Arfs are thought to bind to the same surface as Rac, and their binding is mutually exclusive. Mammals contain at least two isoforms of Arfaptin. Arfaptin 1 has been shown to inhibit the activation of Arf-dependent phospholipase D (PLD) and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme implicated in cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Arfaptin 2 regulates the aggregation of the protein huntingtin, which is implicated in Huntington disease. Arfaptins are single-domain proteins with a BAR-like structure. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 156 LVKKLEELEKTGEFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVREPQpaASEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLLKTI 235
Cdd:cd07660     4 LEAQIEVLRDTQRKYESVLRLARALASQFYQMLQTQKALGDAFADLSQKSPE--LQEEFTYNAETQKLLCKNGETLLGAL 81

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 236 KPMLNDLNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKYLDVKFEYLSYclkvkEMDDEEYSsialgEPLYRVGTGNYEYRLILRCrQEARTRF 315
Cdd:cd07660    82 NFFVSSLNTLVNKTMEDTLMTVKQYESARIEYDAY-----RNDLEALN-----LGPRDAATSARLEEAQRRF-QAHKDKY 150

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2038169821 316 AKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKE 361
Cdd:cd07660   151 EKLRNDVSVKLKFLEENKVKVMHKQLLLFHNAISAYFSGNQKQLEQ 196

PDZ domain 1 of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13),FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (FRMPD2), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of PTPN13 [also known as Fas-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1E (PTP-E1), and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPL1)], FRMPD2 (also known as PDZ domain-containing protein 4; PDZ domain-containing protein 5C), and related domains. PTPN13 regulates negative apoptotic signaling and mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. PTPN13 has five PDZ domains. Proteins known to interact with PTPN13 PDZ domains include: PLEKHA1 and PLEKHA2 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 1, Fas receptor and thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 2, nerve growth factor receptor and protein kinase N2 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 3, PDZ and LIM domain 4 (PDLIM4) via PTPN13-PDZ domains 2 and 4, and brain calpain-2 via PTPN13-PDZ domains 3, 4 and 5. Calpain-2-mediated PTPN13 fragments may be involved in abnormal tau aggregation and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. FRMPD2 is localized in the basolateral membranes of polarized epithelial cells and is associated with tight junction formation and immune response; it contains 3 PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PTPN13 family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2038169821  30 VTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGG---AQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQN 99
Cdd:cd06694     5 VTLKKDPQKGLGFTIVGGensGSLDLGIFVKSIIPGGPADKDGRIKPGDRIIAINGQSLEGKTHHAAVEIIQN 77

PDZ domain of syntrophins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of syntrophins (including alpha-1-syntrophin, beta-1-syntrophin, beta-2-syntrophin, gamma-1-syntrophin, and gamma-2-syntrophin), and related domains. Syntrophins play a role in recruiting various signaling molecules into signaling complexes and help provide appropriate spatiotemporal regulation of signaling pathways. They function in cytoskeletal organization and maintenance; as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), they help maintain structural integrity of skeletal muscle fibers. They link voltage-gated sodium channels to the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, and control the localization and activity of the actin reorganizing proteins such as PI3K, PI(3,4)P2 and TAPP1. Through association with various cytoskeletal proteins within the cells, they are involved in processes such as regulation of focal adhesions, myogenesis, calcium homeostasis, and cell migration. They also have roles in synapse formation and in the organization of utrophin, acetylcholine receptor, and acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular synapse. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This syntrophin-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVII 106
Cdd:cd06801     2 TVRVVKQDVGGLGISIKGGAEHKMPILISKIFKGQAADQTGQLFVGDAILSVNGENLEDATHDEAVQALKNAGDEVTL 79

circularly permuted PDZ domain of C-terminal processing peptidase (CPP), a serine protease, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of CPP (also known as tail-specific protease, PRC protein, Protease Re, and Photosystem II D1 protein processing peptidase), and related domains. CPP belongs to the peptidase S41A family. It cleaves a C-terminal 11 residue peptide from the precursor form of penicillin-binding protein 3, and may have a role in protecting bacterium from thermal and osmotic stresses. In the plant chloroplast, the enzyme removes the C-terminal extension of the D1 polypeptide of photosystem II. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains and as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping of beta-strands. The canonical PDZ domain contains six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2); arranged as A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F. This CPP-like PDZ domain is a circularly permuted PDZ domain which places beta-strand A on the C-terminus. Another permutation exists in the PDZ superfamily which places both beta-strands A and B on the C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  40 IGISIGggAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGtIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKG-EVIIhynKLQAdPKQG 118
Cdd:cd06782     4 IGIEIG--KDDDGYLVVVSPIPGGPAEKAG-IKPGDVIVAVDGESVRGMSLDEVVKLLRGPKGtKVKL---TIRR-GGEG 76

                  ....*...
gi 2038169821 119 KSLDIVLK 126
Cdd:cd06782    77 EPRDVTLT 84

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions including organelle biogenesis, membrane trafficking or remodeling, and cell division and migration. Mutations in BAR containing proteins have been linked to diseases and their inactivation in cells leads to altered membrane dynamics. A BAR domain with an additional N-terminal amphipathic helix (an N-BAR) can drive membrane curvature. These N-BAR domains are found in amphiphysins and endophilins, among others. BAR domains are also frequently found alongside domains that determine lipid specificity, such as the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) and Phox Homology (PX) domains which are present in beta centaurins (ACAPs and ASAPs) and sorting nexins, respectively. A FES-CIP4 Homology (FCH) domain together with a coiled coil region is called the F-BAR domain and is present in Pombe/Cdc15 homology (PCH) family proteins, which include Fes/Fes tyrosine kinases, PACSIN or syndapin, CIP4-like proteins, and srGAPs, among others. The Inverse (I)-BAR or IRSp53/MIM homology Domain (IMD) is found in multi-domain proteins, such as IRSp53 and MIM, that act as scaffolding proteins and transducers of a variety of signaling pathways that link membrane dynamics and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The I-BAR domain induces membrane protrusions in the opposite direction compared to classical BAR and F-BAR domains, which produce membrane invaginations. BAR domains that also serve as protein interaction domains include those of arfaptin and OPHN1-like proteins, among others, which bind to Rac and Rho GAP domains, respectively.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 159 KLEELEKtgeFYRGMMEHTKRLLRAFFELSQTHRAFGDVFSVIGVR---EPQPAASEAFVKFADAHRSIEKFGIGLLKTI 235
Cdd:cd07307     1 KLDELEK---LLKKLIKDTKKLLDSLKELPAAAEKLSEALQELGKElpdLSNTDLGEALEKFGKIQKELEEFRDQLEQKL 77

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821 236 KPMLND-LNTYLNKAIPDTRLTIRKY------LDVKFEYLSYCLKVKEMDDEEYSSialgEPLYrvgtgnyeyrlilrcr 308
Cdd:cd07307    78 ENKVIEpLKEYLKKDLKEIKKRRKKLdkarldYDAAREKLKKLRKKKKDSSKLAEA----EEEL---------------- 137

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2038169821 309 QEARTRFAKMRKDVLEKIELLDQKHVQDIVFQLQRFVSTMSKYNDQCYAVLKEAD 363
Cdd:cd07307   138 QEAKEKYEELREELIEDLNKLEEKRKELFLSLLLSFIEAQSEFFKEVLKILEQLL 192

PDZ domain 2 of tyrosine kinase PTPN13, FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (FRMPD2), and similar domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of human PTPN13, and related domains. PTPN13, also known as Fas-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1E (PTP-E1), and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPL1), negatively regulates FAS-mediated apoptosis and NGFR-mediated pro-apoptotic signaling, and may also regulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. It contains 5 PDZ domains; interaction partners of its second PDZ domain (PDZ2) include the Fas receptor (TNFRSF6) and thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6). The second PDZ (PDZ2) domain, but not PDZ1 or PDZ3, of FRMPD2 binds to GluN2A and GluN2B, two subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Other binding partners of the FRMPDZ2 PDZ2 domain include NOD2, and catenin family members, delta catenin (CTNND2), armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (ARVCF) and p0071 (also known as plakophilin 4; PKP4). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PTPN13-like family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDsQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCL---YIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:cd06792     4 EVELSKK-DGSLGISVTGGINTSVRHggiYVKSLVPGGAAEQDGRIQKGDRLLEVNGVSLEGVTHKQAVECLKNAGQVVT 82

                  .
gi 2038169821 106 I 106
Cdd:cd06792    83 L 83

PDZ domain 3 of PDZ domain containing 2 (PDZD2), PDZ domain 1 of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, 1332 AA), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 3 of PDZD2, also known as KIAA0300, PIN-1, activated in prostate cancer (AIPC) and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 (PDZK3). PDZD2 has seven PDZ domains. PDZD2 is expressed at exceptionally high levels in the pancreas and certain cancer tissues, such as prostate cancer. It promotes the proliferation of insulinoma cells and is upregulated during prostate tumorigenesis. In osteosarcoma (OS), the microRNA miR-363 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting PDZD2. This family also includes the first PDZ domain (PDZ1) of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, also known as nPro-Il-16; 1332 amino-acid protein). Precursor IL-16 is cleaved to produce pro-IL-16 and mature IL-16 (derived from the C-terminal 121 AA). Pro-IL-16 functions as a regulator of T cell growth; mature IL-16 is a CD4 ligand that induces chemotaxis and CD25 expression in CD4+ T cells. IL-16 bioactivity has been closely associated with the progression of several different cancers. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDZD2-like family PDZ3 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQ-NVIGISIGGGAQhCP----CLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVK-G 102
Cdd:cd06759     2 TIVLMKGAGgKGLGFSIVGGRD-SPrgpmGIYVKTIFPGGAAAEDGRLKEGDEILEVNGESLQGLTHQEAIQKFKQIKkG 80

                  ....
gi 2038169821 103 EVII 106
Cdd:cd06759    81 LVVL 84

PDZ domain 3 of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1 (MAGI-1), MAGI-2, and MAGI-3, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 3 of MAGI1, 2, 3 (MAGI is also known as Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein) and related domains. MAGI proteins have been implicated in the control of cell migration and invasion through altering the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and modulating Akt signaling. Four MAGI proteins have been identified (MAGI1-3 and MAGIX). MAGI1-3 have 6 PDZ domains and bind to the C-terminus of PTEN via their PDZ2 domain. MAGIX has a single PDZ domain that is related to MAGI1-3 PDZ domain 5. Other binding partners for MAGI1 include JAM4, C-terminal tail of high risk HPV-18 E6, megalin, TRAF6, Kir4.1 (basolateral K+ channel subunit), and cadherin 23; for MAGI2, include DASM1, dendrin, axin, beta- and delta-catenin, neuroligin, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, beta1-adrenergic receptors, NMDA receptor, and TARPs; and for MAGI3 includes LPA2. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MAGI family PDZ3 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2); arranged as beta-strands A, -B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSqNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNV--KGEV 104
Cdd:cd06733     3 TVFLRRQE-TGFGFRILGGTEEGSQVSIGAIVPGGAADLDGRLRTGDELLSVDGVNVVGASHHKVVDLMGNAarNGQV 79

PDZ domain of afadin (AFDN), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of afadin (AFDN, also known as ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 6 protein (AF6) and MLLT4), and related domains. AFDN belongs to the adhesion system, probably together with the E-cadherin-catenin system, that plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal, and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions. The AFDN PDZ domain interaction partners include poliovirus receptor-related protein PRR2/nectin, the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), the breakpoint-cluster-region protein (BCR), connexin36 (Cx36), and a subset of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases; it can also bind low molecular weight ligands, in competition with a natural peptide ligand. Other AFDN-binding proteins have been identified. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This AFDN family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSqNVIGISI----GGGAQHCPcLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMI----QNV 100
Cdd:cd06789     5 TVTLKKVG-NGMGLSIvaakGAGQDKLG-IYIKSVVKGGAADLDGRLQAGDQLLSVDGHSLVGLSQERAAELMtktgSVV 82

                  ....*
gi 2038169821 101 KGEVI 105
Cdd:cd06789    83 TLEVA 87

PDZ domain 7 of PDZ domain containing 2 (PDZD2), PDZ domain 4 of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, 1332 AA), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 7 of PDZD2, also known as KIAA0300, PIN-1, PAPIN, activated in prostate cancer (AIPC) and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 (PDZK3). PDZD2 has seven PDZ domains. PDZD2 is expressed at exceptionally high levels in the pancreas and certain cancer tissues, such as prostate cancer. It promotes the proliferation of insulinoma cells and is upregulated during prostate tumorigenesis. In osteosarcoma (OS), the microRNA miR-363 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting PDZD2. This family include the PDZ domain of the secreted mature form of human interleukin-16 (IL-16); this is the fourth PDZ domain (PDZ4) of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, also known as nPro-Il-16). Precursor IL-16 is cleaved to produce pro-IL-16 and C-terminal mature IL-16. Pro-IL-16 functions as a regulator of T cell growth; mature IL-16 is a CD4 ligand that induces chemotaxis and CD25 expression in CD4+ T cells. IL-16 bioactivity has been closely associated with the progression of several different cancers PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDZD2-like family PDZ7 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNViGISIGGGaQHCPC----LYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNV 100
Cdd:cd06763     3 TVELEKGSAGL-GFSLEGG-KGSPLgdrpLTIKRIFKGGAAEQSGVLQVGDEILQINGTSLQGLTRFEAWNIIKSL 76

PDZ domain 1 of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1 (MAGI-1), MAGI-2, and MAGI-3, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of MAGI1, 2, 3 (MAGI is also known as Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein) and related domains. MAGI proteins have been implicated in the control of cell migration and invasion through altering the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and modulating Akt signaling. Four MAGI proteins have been identified (MAGI1-3 and MAGIX). MAGI1-3 have 6 PDZ domains and bind to the C-terminus of PTEN via their PDZ2 domain. MAGIX has a single PDZ domain that is related to MAGI1-3 PDZ domain 5. Other binding partners for MAGI1 include JAM4, C-terminal tail of high risk HPV-18 E6, megalin, TRAF6, Kir4.1 (basolateral K+ channel subunit), and cadherin 23; for MAGI2, include DASM1, dendrin, axin, beta- and delta-catenin, neuroligin, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, beta1-adrenergic receptors, NMDA receptor, and TARPs; and for MAGI3 includes LPA2. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MAGI family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2); arranged as beta-strands A, -B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNvIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNV 100
Cdd:cd06731     3 RTSLKKSARG-FGFTIIGGDEPDEFLQIKSVVPDGPAALDGKLRTGDVLVSVNDTCVLGYTHADVVKLFQSI 73

PDZ domain 7 of multi-PDZ-domain protein 1 (MUPP1), PDZ domain 6 of PATJ (protein-associated tight junction) and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 7 of MUPP1 and PDZ domain 6 of PATJ, and related domains. MUPP1 and PATJ serve as scaffolding proteins linking different proteins and protein complexes involved in the organization of tight junctions and epithelial polarity. MUPP1 contains an L27 (Lin-2 and Lin-7 binding) domain and 13 PDZ domains. PATJ (also known as INAD-like) contains an L27 domain and ten PDZ domains. MUPP1 and PATJ share several binding partners, including junctional adhesion molecules (JAM), zonula occludens (ZO)-3, Pals1 (protein associated with Lin-7), Par (partitioning defective)-6 proteins, and nectins (adherence junction adhesion molecules). PATJ lacks 3 PDZ domains seen in MUPP1: PDZ6, 9, and 13; consequently, MUPP1 PDZ7 and 8 align with PATJ PDZ6 and 7; and MUPP1 PDZ domains 10-12 align with PATJ PDZ domains 8-10. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MUPP1-like family PDZ7 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  27 PGTVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCL---------YIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMI 97
Cdd:cd06671     2 PRRVELWREPGKSLGISIVGGRVMGSRLsngeeirgiFIKHVLEDSPAGRNGTLKTGDRILEVNGVDLRNATHEEAVEAI 81

                  ..
gi 2038169821  98 QN 99
Cdd:cd06671    82 RN 83

PDZ domain 1 of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of PTPN13 [also known as Fas-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1E (PTP-E1), and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPL1)], and related domains. PTPN13 regulates negative apoptotic signaling and mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. PTPN13 has five PDZ domains. Proteins known to interact with PTPN13 PDZ domains include: PLEKHA1 and PLEKHA2 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 1, Fas receptor and thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 2, nerve growth factor receptor and protein kinase N2 via PTPN13-PDZ domain 3, PDZ and LIM domain 4 (PDLIM4) via PTPN13-PDZ domains 2 and 4, and brain calpain-2 via PTPN13-PDZ domains 3, 4 and 5. Calpain-2-mediated PTPN13 fragments may be involved in abnormal tau aggregation and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PTPN13 family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGG---AQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:cd23072     4 LVNLKKDAKYGLGFQIVGGeksGRLDLGIFISSITPGGPADLDGRLKPGDRLISVNDVSLEGLSHDAAVEILQNAPEDVT 83

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gi 2038169821 106 I 106
Cdd:cd23072    84 L 84

PDZ domain 2 of glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and GRIP2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) binding proteins GRIP1 (ABP/GRIP2) and GRIP2, and related domains. GRIP1 and GRIP2 each have 7 PDZ domains. The interaction of GRIP1 and GRIP2 with GluA2/3 (AMPAR subunit) regulates AMPAR trafficking and synaptic targeting. GRIP1 has an essential role in regulating AMPAR trafficking during synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. GRIP1 and GRIP2 interact with a variety of other proteins associated with protein trafficking and internalization, for example GRIP1 also interacts with KIF5 (also known as kinesin 1), EphB receptors, scaffold protein liprin-alpha, and the rasGEF GRASP-1. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This GRIP family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSqNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCLY----IVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEV 104
Cdd:cd06681     4 EVTLEKEG-NSFGFVIRGGAHEDRNKSrpltVTHVRPGGPADREGTIKPGDRLLSVDGISLHGATHAEAMSILKQCGQEA 82

                  ....*..
gi 2038169821 105 I--IHYN 109
Cdd:cd06681    83 TllIEYD 89

PDZ domain 1 of the full-length isoform of whirlin and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of the full-length isoform of whirlin and related domains. Whirlin is an essential protein for developmental pathways in photoreceptor cells of the retina and hair cells of the inner ear. The full-length whirlin isoform has two harmonin N-like domains, three PDZ domains, a proline-rich region, and a PDZ-binding motif. Whirlin isoforms may form different complexes at the periciliary membrane complex (PMC) in photoreceptors, and the stereociliary tip and base in inner ear hair cells. It interacts with ADGRV1 and usherin at the PMC; with SANS and RpgrORF15 at the connecting cilium in photoreceptors; with EPS8, MYO15A, p55, and CASK proteins at the stereociliary tip of inner ear hair cells; and with ADGRV1, usherin, and PDZD7 at the stereociliary base in inner ear hair cells. Mutations in the gene encoding whirlin (WHRN; also known as USH2D and DFNB31), have been found to cause either USH2 subtype (USH2D) or autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness type 31 (DFNB31). Whirlin is the key protein in the USH2 complex (whirlin, usherin and GPR98) which recruits other USH2 causative proteins at the periciliary membrane in photoreceptors and the ankle link of the stereocilia in hair cells. Whirlin's interaction with espin, another stereociliary protein, may be important for the architecture of the USH2 complex. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This whirlin family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNV-IGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAaGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVK 101
Cdd:cd06740     3 QVTLKRSKSHEgLGFSIRGGAEHGVGIYVSLVEPGSLAEKEGLRV-GDQILRVNDVSFEKVTHAEAVKILRVSK 75

PDZ domain of Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein (GOPC), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of GOPC and related domains. GOPC, also known as PIST (PDZ domain protein interacting specifically with TC10), FIG (fused in glioblastoma), and CAL (CFTR-associated ligand), regulates the trafficking of a wide array of proteins, including small GTPases, receptors, and cell surface molecules such as cadherin 23 and CFTR. It may regulate CFTR chloride currents and acid-sensing ASIC3 currents by modulating cell surface expression of both channels, and may play a role in autophagy. Interaction partners of the GOPC PDZ domains include: FZD5, FZD8, ASIC3, CFTR, MUC3, ARFRP1, Ggamma13, neuroligin, and Stargazin. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This GOPC-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEV 104
Cdd:cd06800     2 KVLLSKEPHEGLGISITGGKEHGVPILISEIHEGQPADRCGGLYVGDAILSVNGIDLRDAKHKEAVTILSQQRGEI 77

PDZ domain 3 of human Ligand of Numb protein X 1 (LNX1) and LNX2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 3 of LNX1 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 2, PDZRN2) and LNX2 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 1, PDZRN1), and related domains. LNX1 and LNX2 are Ring (Really Interesting New Gene) finger and PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that bind to the cell fate determinant protein NUMB and mediate its ubiquitination. LNX1 can ubiquitinate a number of other ligands including PPFIA1, KLHL11, KIF7 and ERC2. LNX1 and LNX2 each have four PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This LNX family PDZ3 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGGAQHCPC---LYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQN 99
Cdd:cd06679     2 TVTIKKEPSESLGISVAGGRGSRRGdlpIYVTNVQPDGCLGRDGRIKKGDVLLSINGISLTNLSHSEAVAVLKA 75

PDZ domain of partitioning defective 6 (Par6), Drosophila Rho GTPase-activating protein 100F (RhoGAP100F), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of Par6 (also known as PAR6 or Par-6), RhoGAP100F, and related domains. Par6 is part of a conserved machinery that directs metazoan cell polarity, a process necessary for the function of diverse cell types. Par6 forms a cell polarity-regulatory complex with atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and Par3. Par6 can also directly associate with PALS1 (proteins associated with Lin7, also known as Stardust) providing a link between the Par3/aPKC/Par6 complex and the PALS1-PATJ (protein-associated TJ) complex. Binding partners of the Par6-PDZ domain include Par3, PALS1/Stardust; leucine-rich repeat-containing protein netrin-G ligand-2 (NGL-2), human crumbs (CRB3) involve in the morphogenesis of the tight junctions in mammalian epithelial cells, and PAR-6 co-operates with the Par6 semi-CRIB domain to bind CDC42. CDC42 regulates the Par6 PDZ domain through an allosteric CRIB-PDZ transition. Drosophila RhoGAP100F, also known as synapse defective protein 1 homolog (syd-1 homolog), is a GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound form. The RhoGAP100F-PDZ domain binds the neurexin C terminus to control synapse formation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Par6-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2038169821  42 ISIGGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVK 101
Cdd:cd06718    17 IRDGNGVERVPGIFISRLVLGSLADSTGLLAVGDEILEVNGVEVTGKSLDDVTDMMVAPT 76

PDZ domain of rhophilin-1, rhophilin-2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of rhophilin-1, rhophilin-2, and related domains. Rhophilin-1 (RHPN1, also known as GTP-Rho-binding protein 1) and rhophilin-2 (RHPN2, also known as GTP-Rho-binding protein 2) are Rho-GTP binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. Rhophilin-2 inhibits RhoA's activity to induce F-actin stress fibers. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This rhophilin-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  27 PGTVTLKKDSQNViGISIGGGaqhCPCLyIVQVFDNTPAALDGtIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:cd06712     1 PRTVHLTKEEGGF-GFTLRGD---SPVQ-VASVDPGSCAAEAG-LKEGDYIVSVGGVDCKWSKHSEVVKLLKSAGEEGL 73

PDZ domain 2 of human Ligand of Numb protein X 1 (LNX1) and LNX2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of LNX1 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 2, PDZRN2) and LNX2 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 1, PDZRN1), and related domains. LNX1 and LNX2 are Ring (Really Interesting New Gene) finger and PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that bind to the cell fate determinant protein NUMB and mediate its ubiquitination. LNX1 can ubiquitinate a number of other ligands including PPFIA1, KLHL11, KIF7 and ERC2. LNX1 and LNX2 each have four PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This LNX family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  30 VTLKKDSQNVIGISIGGgAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:cd06678     3 VTLNKRDGEQLGIKLVR-KKDEPGVFILDLLEGGLAARDGRLKSDDRVLAINGQDLRHGTPEQAAQIIQASGERVH 77

PDZ domain 2 of Drosophila Scribble, human Scribble homolog, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of Drosophila Scribble (also known as LAP4), human Scribble homolog (also known as hScrib, LAP4, CriB1, ScrB1 and Vartul), and related domains. They belong to the LAP family, which describes proteins that contain either one or four PDZ domains and 16 LRRs (leucine-rich repeats) and function in controlling cell shape, size and subcellular protein localization. In Drosophila, the Scribble complex, comprising Scribble, discs large, and lethal giant larvae, plays a role in apico-basal cell polarity, in other forms of polarity, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell signaling and vesicular trafficking, and in tumor development. Mammalian Scribble is important in many aspects of cancer development. Scribble and its homologs can be downregulated or overexpressed in cancer; they have a role in cancer beyond their function in loss of cell polarity. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Scribble-like family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  29 TVTLKKDSQNvIGISIGGGAQHCP------CLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSV 85
Cdd:cd06703     4 TTTLIRDGKG-LGFSIAGGKGSTPfrdgdeGIFISRITEGGAADRDGKLQVGDRVLSINGVDV 65

PDZ domain 3 of human discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1), Dlg2, and Dlg4, Drosophila disc large (Dlg), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 3 of Drosophila Dlg1, human Dlg1, 2, and 4 and related domains. Dlg1 (also known as synapse-associated protein Dlg197; SAP-97), Dlg2 (also known as channel-associated protein of synapse-110; postsynaptic density protein 93, PSD-93), Dlg4 (also known as postsynaptic density protein 95, PSD-95; synapse-associated protein 90, SAP-90) each have 3 PDZ domains and belong to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family. Dlg1 regulates antigen receptor signaling and cell polarity in lymphocytes, B-cell proliferation and antibody production, and TGFalpha bioavailability; its PDZ3 domain binds pro-TGFalpha, and its PDZ2 domain binds the TACE metalloprotease responsible for cleaving pro-TGFalpha to a soluble form. Dlg2 is involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling, regulating surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord; it interacts with NMDA receptor subunits and with Shaker-type K+ channel subunits to cluster into a channel complex. The Dlg4 PDZ1 domain binds NMDA receptors, and its PDZ2 domain binds neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), forming a complex in neurons. The Drosophila Scribble complex (Scribble, Dlg, and lethal giant larvae) plays a role in apico-basal cell polarity, and in other forms of polarity, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell signaling and vesicular trafficking, and in tumor development; postsynaptic targeting of Drosophila DLG requires interactions mediated by the first two PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Dlg-like family PDZ3 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  27 PGTVTLKKDSQNvIGISIGGGAQHCPcLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVII 106
Cdd:cd06795     2 PRKIVLHKGSTG-LGFNIVGGEDGEG-IFISFILAGGPADLSGELRRGDQILSVNGVDLRNATHEQAAAALKNAGQTVTI 79

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gi 2038169821 107 hynKLQADP 115
Cdd:cd06795    80 ---IAQYKP 85

PDZ domain 1 of syntenin-1, syntenin-2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of syntenin-1, syntenin-2, and related domains. Syntenins are implicated in various cellular processes such as trafficking, signaling, and cancer metastasis. They bind to signaling and adhesion molecules, such as syndecans, neurexins, ephrin B, and phospholipid PIP2. Through its tandem PDZ domains (PDZ1 and PDZ2), syntenin links syndecans to other cell surface receptors and kinases, such as E-cadherin and ephrin-B, establishing signaling crosstalk. During syndecan binding, syntenin PDZ2 serves as a high-affinity domain, and PDZ1, also necessary for binding, acts as a complementary, low-affinity domain; this is also the case for syntenin binding to proto-oncogene c-Src. The syntenin PDZ domain-PIP2 interaction controls Arf6-mediated syndecan recycling through endosomal compartments; both PDZ1 and PDZ2 interact with PIP2. Different binding partners and downstream regulators of syntenin1 PDZ domains, such as to proto-oncogene c-Src, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), have been identified that promote the progression and invasion of a variety of cancers, such as melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme and breast cancer. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This syntenin-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged as beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta- strand F.

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gi 2038169821  30 VTLKKDSQNVIGI---SIGGGaqhcpcLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGtIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQNVKGEVI 105
Cdd:cd06721     3 VILCKDQDGKIGLrvkSIDKG------VFVQLVQANSPAALAG-LRFGDQILQINGENVAGWSSDKAHKVLKKASPERI 74

PDZ domain of synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2), synaptopodin 2-like protein (SYNPO2L), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of SYNPO2, SYNPO2L, and related domains. SYNPO2 (also known as genethonin-2, myopodin) is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein. It participates in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), a mechanism for the disposal of misfolded and damaged proteins and provides a link between the CASA chaperone complex and a membrane-tethering and fusion machinery that generates autophagosome membranes. The SYNPO2 PPxY motif binds CASA cochaperone BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) and the SYNPO2 PDZ domain binds vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (VPS18). There are three isoforms of SYNPO2, which possess an amino-terminal PDZ domain (SYNPO2a, b, c); the short isoform SYNPO2d, lacks the PDZ domain. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This SYNPO2-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  45 GGGAQHCPcLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGtIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQN 99
Cdd:cd10820    16 GGSEQKKP-LQVAKIRKKSKAALAG-LCEGDELLSINGKPCADLSHSEAMDLIDS 68

PDZ domain 1 of inactivation-no-after-potential D (INAD), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of INAD, and related domains. INAD assembles key enzymes of the Drosophila compound eye photo-transduction pathway into a supramolecular complex, supporting efficient and fast light signaling. It contains 5 PDZ domains arranged in tandem (PDZ1-PDZ5) which independently bind various proteins. INAD PDZ2 binds eye-specific protein kinase C, INAD PDZ3 binds transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, and INAD PDZ4,5 tandem binds NORPA (phospholipase Cbeta, PLCbeta). Mutations of the inaD gene that lead to disruption of each of these interactions impair fly photo signal transduction. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This INAD-like family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 2038169821  30 VTLKKDSQNVIGISI------GGGAQHCPCLYIVQVFDNTPAALDGTIAAGDEITGVNSKSVKGKTKVEVAKMIQN 99
Cdd:cd23063     2 VVIEKTEKKSFGICIvrgevkVSPNTKTTGIFIKGIIPDSPAHKCGRLKVGDRILSVNGNDVRNSTEQAAIDLIKE 77