ClC family voltage-gated chloride channel protein containing a C-terminal CBS pair domain, catalyzes the selective flow of Cl(-) ions across the cellular membrane
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. ...
80-601
0e+00
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. Proteins in this family are ubiquitous in eukarotes and their functions are unclear. They are expressed in intracellular organelles membranes. This family belongs to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. ClC chloride ion channel superfamily perform a variety of functions including cellular excitability regulation, cell volume regulation, membrane potential stabilization, acidification of intracellular organelles, signal transduction, and transepithelial transport in animals.
:
Pssm-ID: 239657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 466 Bit Score: 581.53 E-value: 0e+00
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the ...
614-782
2.67e-32
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC (chloride channel) in eukaryotes and bacteria; This cd contains two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC voltage-gated chloride channel. The CBS pairs here are found in the EriC CIC-type chloride channels in eukaryotes and bacteria. These ion channels are proteins with a seemingly simple task of allowing the passive flow of chloride ions across biological membranes. CIC-type chloride channels come from all kingdoms of life, have several gene families, and can be gated by voltage. The members of the CIC-type chloride channel are double-barreled: two proteins forming homodimers at a broad interface formed by four helices from each protein. The two pores are not found at this interface, but are completely contained within each subunit, as deduced from the mutational analyses, unlike many other channels, in which four or five identical or structurally related subunits jointly form one pore. The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
:
Pssm-ID: 341367 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 114 Bit Score: 121.09 E-value: 2.67e-32
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. ...
80-601
0e+00
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. Proteins in this family are ubiquitous in eukarotes and their functions are unclear. They are expressed in intracellular organelles membranes. This family belongs to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. ClC chloride ion channel superfamily perform a variety of functions including cellular excitability regulation, cell volume regulation, membrane potential stabilization, acidification of intracellular organelles, signal transduction, and transepithelial transport in animals.
Pssm-ID: 239657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 466 Bit Score: 581.53 E-value: 0e+00
Voltage gated chloride channel; This family of ion channels contains 10 or 12 transmembrane ...
184-563
5.97e-51
Voltage gated chloride channel; This family of ion channels contains 10 or 12 transmembrane helices. Each protein forms a single pore. It has been shown that some members of this family form homodimers. In terms of primary structure, they are unrelated to known cation channels or other types of anion channels. Three ClC subfamilies are found in animals. ClC-1 is involved in setting and restoring the resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle, while other channels play important parts in solute concentration mechanisms in the kidney. These proteins contain two pfam00571 domains.
Pssm-ID: 425802 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 344 Bit Score: 181.98 E-value: 5.97e-51
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the ...
614-782
2.67e-32
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC (chloride channel) in eukaryotes and bacteria; This cd contains two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC voltage-gated chloride channel. The CBS pairs here are found in the EriC CIC-type chloride channels in eukaryotes and bacteria. These ion channels are proteins with a seemingly simple task of allowing the passive flow of chloride ions across biological membranes. CIC-type chloride channels come from all kingdoms of life, have several gene families, and can be gated by voltage. The members of the CIC-type chloride channel are double-barreled: two proteins forming homodimers at a broad interface formed by four helices from each protein. The two pores are not found at this interface, but are completely contained within each subunit, as deduced from the mutational analyses, unlike many other channels, in which four or five identical or structurally related subunits jointly form one pore. The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
Pssm-ID: 341367 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 114 Bit Score: 121.09 E-value: 2.67e-32
CBS domain; CBS domains are small intracellular modules that pair together to form a stable ...
729-780
5.01e-05
CBS domain; CBS domains are small intracellular modules that pair together to form a stable globular domain. This family represents a single CBS domain. Pairs of these domains have been termed a Bateman domain. CBS domains have been shown to bind ligands with an adenosyl group such as AMP, ATP and S-AdoMet. CBS domains are found attached to a wide range of other protein domains suggesting that CBS domains may play a regulatory role making proteins sensitive to adenosyl carrying ligands. The region containing the CBS domains in Cystathionine-beta synthase is involved in regulation by S-AdoMet. CBS domain pairs from AMPK bind AMP or ATP. The CBS domains from IMPDH and the chloride channel CLC2 bind ATP.
Pssm-ID: 425756 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 57 Bit Score: 41.43 E-value: 5.01e-05
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of ...
621-674
1.55e-03
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of cellular life. Present in two copies in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, of which one is disordered in the crystal structure. A number of disease states are associated with CBS-containing proteins including homocystinuria, Becker's and Thomsen disease.
Pssm-ID: 214522 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 49 Bit Score: 37.11 E-value: 1.55e-03
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. ...
80-601
0e+00
ClC-6-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-6, ClC-7 and ClC-B, C, D in plants. Proteins in this family are ubiquitous in eukarotes and their functions are unclear. They are expressed in intracellular organelles membranes. This family belongs to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. ClC chloride ion channel superfamily perform a variety of functions including cellular excitability regulation, cell volume regulation, membrane potential stabilization, acidification of intracellular organelles, signal transduction, and transepithelial transport in animals.
Pssm-ID: 239657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 466 Bit Score: 581.53 E-value: 0e+00
Chloride channel, ClC. These domains are found in the eukaryotic halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) ...
119-590
6.32e-78
Chloride channel, ClC. These domains are found in the eukaryotic halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) channel proteins that perform a variety of functions including cell volume regulation, membrane potential stabilization, charge compensation necessary for the acidification of intracellular organelles, signal transduction and transepithelial transport. They are also involved in many pathophysiological processes and are responsible for a number of human diseases. These proteins belong to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. Some proteins possess long C-terminal cytoplasmic regions containing two CBS (cystathionine beta synthase) domains of putative regulatory function.
Pssm-ID: 238507 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 416 Bit Score: 257.66 E-value: 6.32e-78
ClC-3-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-3, ClC-4, ClC-5 and ClC-Y1. ClC-3 ...
184-601
1.39e-53
ClC-3-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes ClC-3, ClC-4, ClC-5 and ClC-Y1. ClC-3 was initially cloned from rat kidney. Expression of ClC-3 produces outwardly-rectifying Cl currents that are inhibited by protein kinase C activation. It has been suggested that ClC-3 may be a ubiquitous swelling-activated Cl channel that has very similar characteristics to those of native volume-regulated Cl currents. The function of ClC-4 is unclear. Studies of human ClC-4 have revealed that it gives rise to Cl currents that rapidly activate at positive voltages, and are sensitive to extracellular pH, with currents decreasing when pH falls below 6.5. ClC-4 is broadly distributed, especially in brain and heart. ClC-5 is predominantly expressed in the kidney, but can be found in the brain and liver. Mutations in the ClC-5 gene cause certain hereditary diseases, including Dent's disease, an X-chromosome linked syndrome characterised by proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), leading to progressive renal failure. These proteins belong to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. This domain is found in the eukaryotic halogen ion (Cl- and I-) channel proteins, that perform a variety of functions including cell volume regulation, the membrane potential stabilization, transepithelial chloride transport and charge compensation necessary for the acidification of intracellular organelles.
Pssm-ID: 239656 Cd Length: 445 Bit Score: 192.05 E-value: 1.39e-53
Voltage gated chloride channel; This family of ion channels contains 10 or 12 transmembrane ...
184-563
5.97e-51
Voltage gated chloride channel; This family of ion channels contains 10 or 12 transmembrane helices. Each protein forms a single pore. It has been shown that some members of this family form homodimers. In terms of primary structure, they are unrelated to known cation channels or other types of anion channels. Three ClC subfamilies are found in animals. ClC-1 is involved in setting and restoring the resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle, while other channels play important parts in solute concentration mechanisms in the kidney. These proteins contain two pfam00571 domains.
Pssm-ID: 425802 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 344 Bit Score: 181.98 E-value: 5.97e-51
ClC-1-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes isoforms ClC-0, ClC-1, ClC-2 and ClC_K. ...
112-601
6.31e-40
ClC-1-like chloride channel proteins. This CD includes isoforms ClC-0, ClC-1, ClC-2 and ClC_K. ClC-1 is expressed in skeletal muscle and its mutation leads to both recessively and dominantly-inherited forms of muscle stiffness or myotonia. ClC-K is exclusively expressed in kidney. Similarly, mutation of ClC-K leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice and Bartter's syndrome in human. These proteins belong to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share the unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. This domain is found in the eukaryotic halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) channel proteins, that perform a variety of functions including cell volume regulation, regulation of intracelluar chloride concentration, membrane potential stabilization, charge compensation necessary for the acidification of intracellular organelles and transepithelial chloride transport.
Pssm-ID: 239655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 426 Bit Score: 152.79 E-value: 6.31e-40
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the ...
614-782
2.67e-32
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC (chloride channel) in eukaryotes and bacteria; This cd contains two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the voltage gated CLC voltage-gated chloride channel. The CBS pairs here are found in the EriC CIC-type chloride channels in eukaryotes and bacteria. These ion channels are proteins with a seemingly simple task of allowing the passive flow of chloride ions across biological membranes. CIC-type chloride channels come from all kingdoms of life, have several gene families, and can be gated by voltage. The members of the CIC-type chloride channel are double-barreled: two proteins forming homodimers at a broad interface formed by four helices from each protein. The two pores are not found at this interface, but are completely contained within each subunit, as deduced from the mutational analyses, unlike many other channels, in which four or five identical or structurally related subunits jointly form one pore. The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
Pssm-ID: 341367 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 114 Bit Score: 121.09 E-value: 2.67e-32
CLC voltage-gated chloride channel. The ClC chloride channels catalyse the selective flow of ...
184-563
6.09e-26
CLC voltage-gated chloride channel. The ClC chloride channels catalyse the selective flow of Cl- ions across cell membranes, thereby regulating electrical excitation in skeletal muscle and the flow of salt and water across epithelial barriers. This domain is found in the halogen ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) transport proteins of the ClC family. The ClC channels are found in all three kingdoms of life and perform a variety of functions including cellular excitability regulation, cell volume regulation, membrane potential stabilization, acidification of intracellular organelles, signal transduction, transepithelial transport in animals, and the extreme acid resistance response in eubacteria. They lack any structural or sequence similarity to other known ion channels and exhibit unique properties of ion permeation and gating. Unlike cation-selective ion channels, which form oligomers containing a single pore along the axis of symmetry, the ClC channels form two-pore homodimers with one pore per subunit without axial symmetry. Although lacking the typical voltage-sensor found in cation channels, all studied ClC channels are gated (opened and closed) by transmembrane voltage. The gating is conferred by the permeating ion itself, acting as the gating charge. In addition, eukaryotic and some prokaryotic ClC channels have two additional C-terminal CBS (cystathionine beta synthase) domains of putative regulatory function.
Pssm-ID: 238233 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 383 Bit Score: 110.73 E-value: 6.09e-26
ClC chloride channel EriC. This domain is found in the EriC chloride transporters that ...
118-563
2.15e-25
ClC chloride channel EriC. This domain is found in the EriC chloride transporters that mediate the extreme acid resistance response in eubacteria and archaea. This response allows bacteria to survive in the acidic environments by decarboxylation-linked proton utilization. As shown for Escherichia coli EriC, these channels can counterbalance the electric current produced by the outwardly directed virtual proton pump linked to amino acid decarboxylation. The EriC proteins belong to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share a unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. The voltage-dependent gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge. In Escherichia coli EriC, a glutamate residue that protrudes into the pore is thought to participate in gating by binding to a Cl- ion site within the selectivity filter.
Pssm-ID: 238504 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 402 Bit Score: 109.55 E-value: 2.15e-25
ClC chloride channel family. These protein sequences, closely related to the ClC Eric family, ...
184-563
3.21e-11
ClC chloride channel family. These protein sequences, closely related to the ClC Eric family, are putative halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) transport proteins found in eubacteria. They belong to the ClC superfamily of chloride ion channels, which share a unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. This superfamily lacks any structural or sequence similarity to other known ion channels and exhibit unique properties of ion permeation and gating. The voltage-dependent gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge.
Pssm-ID: 238506 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 390 Bit Score: 66.10 E-value: 3.21e-11
Putative ClC chloride channel. Clc proteins are putative halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) ...
209-561
2.12e-09
Putative ClC chloride channel. Clc proteins are putative halogen ion (Cl-, Br- and I-) transporters found in eubacteria. They belong to the ClC superfamily of halogen ion channels, which share a unique double-barreled architecture and voltage-dependent gating mechanism. This superfamily lacks any structural or sequence similarity to other known ion channels and exhibit unique properties of ion permeation and gating. The voltage-dependent gating is conferred by the permeating anion itself, acting as the gating charge.
Pssm-ID: 238505 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 388 Bit Score: 60.38 E-value: 2.12e-09
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains found in diguanylate ...
713-780
1.66e-05
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains found in diguanylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase proteins with PAS sensors, repeat 1; This cd contains two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains found in diguanylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase proteins with PAS sensors. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in signal transduction. The GGDEF domain has been suggested to be homologous to the adenylyl cyclase catalytic domain and is thought to be involved in regulating cell surface adhesiveness in bacteria. The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
Pssm-ID: 341403 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 116 Bit Score: 44.52 E-value: 1.66e-05
CBS domain; CBS domains are small intracellular modules that pair together to form a stable ...
729-780
5.01e-05
CBS domain; CBS domains are small intracellular modules that pair together to form a stable globular domain. This family represents a single CBS domain. Pairs of these domains have been termed a Bateman domain. CBS domains have been shown to bind ligands with an adenosyl group such as AMP, ATP and S-AdoMet. CBS domains are found attached to a wide range of other protein domains suggesting that CBS domains may play a regulatory role making proteins sensitive to adenosyl carrying ligands. The region containing the CBS domains in Cystathionine-beta synthase is involved in regulation by S-AdoMet. CBS domain pairs from AMPK bind AMP or ATP. The CBS domains from IMPDH and the chloride channel CLC2 bind ATP.
Pssm-ID: 425756 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 57 Bit Score: 41.43 E-value: 5.01e-05
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains superfamily; The CBS ...
621-780
1.10e-04
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains superfamily; The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
Pssm-ID: 341358 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 113 Bit Score: 42.23 E-value: 1.10e-04
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of ...
621-674
1.55e-03
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of cellular life. Present in two copies in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, of which one is disordered in the crystal structure. A number of disease states are associated with CBS-containing proteins including homocystinuria, Becker's and Thomsen disease.
Pssm-ID: 214522 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 49 Bit Score: 37.11 E-value: 1.55e-03
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of ...
734-780
3.21e-03
Domain in cystathionine beta-synthase and other proteins; Domain present in all 3 forms of cellular life. Present in two copies in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, of which one is disordered in the crystal structure. A number of disease states are associated with CBS-containing proteins including homocystinuria, Becker's and Thomsen disease.
Pssm-ID: 214522 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 49 Bit Score: 36.34 E-value: 3.21e-03
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the ...
731-778
6.31e-03
Two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains associated with the ACT domain; The putative Acetoin Utilization Protein (Acub) from Vibrio Cholerae contains a CBS pair domain. The acetoin utilization protein plays a role in growth and sporulation on acetoin or butanediol for use as a carbon source. Acetoin is an important physiological metabolite excreted by many microorganisms. It is used as an external energy store by a number of fermentive bacteria. Acetoin is produced by the decarboxylation of alpha-acetolactate. Once superior carbon sources are exhausted, and the culture enters stationary phase, acetoin can be utilised in order to maintain the culture density. The conversion of acetoin into acetyl-CoA or 2,3-butanediol is catalysed by the acetoin dehydrogenase complex and acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, respectively. Acetoin utilization proteins, acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases, and histone deacetylases are members of an ancient protein superfamily.This cd contains two tandem repeats of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS pair) domains in the acetoin utilization proteins in bacteria. Acetoin is a product of fermentative metabolism in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. They produce acetoin as an external carbon storage compound and then later reuse it as a carbon and energy source during their stationary phase and sporulation. In addition these CBS domains are associated with a downstream ACT (aspartate kinase/chorismate mutase/TyrA) domain, which is linked to a wide range of metabolic enzymes that are regulated by amino acid concentration. Pairs of ACT domains bind specifically to a particular amino acid leading to regulation of the linked enzyme. The CBS domain, named after human CBS, is a small domain originally identified in cystathionine beta-synthase and is subsequently found in a wide range of different proteins. CBS domains usually occur in tandem repeats. They associate to form a so-called Bateman domain or a CBS pair based on crystallographic studies in bacteria. The CBS pair was used as a basis for this cd hierarchy since the human CBS proteins can adopt the typical core structure and form an intramolecular CBS pair. The interface between the two CBS domains forms a cleft that is a potential ligand binding site. The CBS pair coexists with a variety of other functional domains and this has been used to help in its classification here. It has been proposed that the CBS domain may play a regulatory role, although its exact function is unknown. Mutations of conserved residues within this domain are associated with a variety of human hereditary diseases, including congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase), retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1), and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase).
Pssm-ID: 341361 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 130 Bit Score: 37.40 E-value: 6.31e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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