PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM7, TRIM10, TRIM11, TRIM17, TRIM20, TRIM21, TRIM27, TRIM35, TRIM38, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM58, TRIM60, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, NF7 and bloodthirsty; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of several Class IV TRIM proteins, including TRIM7, TRIM35, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, TRIM protein NF7 and bloodthirsty (bty). TRIM7 interacts with glycogenin and stimulates its self-glucosylating activity via its SPRY domain. TRIM35 may play a role as a tumor suppressor and is implicated in the cell death mechanism. TRIM41 is localized to speckles in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and functions as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of protein kinase C. TRIM50, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is deleted in Williams-Beuren (WBS) syndrome, a multi-system neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. TRIM62 is involved in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland; loss of TRIM62 gene expression in breast is associated with increased risk of recurrence in early-onset breast cancer. TRIM69 is a novel testis E3 ubiquitin ligase that may function to ubiquitinate its particular substrates during spermatogenesis. In humans, TRIM69 localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and requires an intact RING finger domain to function. TRIM protein NF7, which also contains a chromodomain (CHD) at the N-terminus and an RFP (Ret finger protein)-like domain at the C-terminus, is required for its association with transcriptional units of RNA polymerase II which is mediated by a trimeric B box. In Xenopus oocyte, xNF7 has been identified as a nuclear microtubule-associated protein (MAP) whose microtubule-bundling activity, but not E3-ligase activity, contributes to microtubule organization and spindle integrity. Bloodthirsty (bty) is a novel gene identified in zebrafish and has been shown to likely play a role in in regulation of the terminal steps of erythropoiesis. TRIM72 has been shown to perform a critical function in membrane repair following acute muscle injury by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at injury sites. The PRY-SPRY domain in these TRIM families is suggested to serve as the target binding site.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRrK 158
Cdd:cd13733    1 DVTLDPDTAHPNLILSeDLKSVRYGDKRQNLPDNPERFdTCVCVLGSEGFSSGRHYWEVEVGGKTDWDLGVARESVNR-K 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPYIeY 238
Cdd:cd13733   80 GKITLSPENGYWTVGLRNGNEYKALTSPSTPLSLREKPQKVGVFLDYEEGQVSFYNVDDGSHIYTFTDCFTEKLYPYF-S 158

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 767938632 239 PSYNE--QNGTPIVIC 252
Cdd:cd13733  159 PCLNDggKNSAPLIIC 174

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM7, TRIM10, TRIM11, TRIM17, TRIM20, TRIM21, TRIM27, TRIM35, TRIM38, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM58, TRIM60, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, NF7 and bloodthirsty; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of several Class IV TRIM proteins, including TRIM7, TRIM35, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, TRIM protein NF7 and bloodthirsty (bty). TRIM7 interacts with glycogenin and stimulates its self-glucosylating activity via its SPRY domain. TRIM35 may play a role as a tumor suppressor and is implicated in the cell death mechanism. TRIM41 is localized to speckles in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and functions as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of protein kinase C. TRIM50, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is deleted in Williams-Beuren (WBS) syndrome, a multi-system neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. TRIM62 is involved in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland; loss of TRIM62 gene expression in breast is associated with increased risk of recurrence in early-onset breast cancer. TRIM69 is a novel testis E3 ubiquitin ligase that may function to ubiquitinate its particular substrates during spermatogenesis. In humans, TRIM69 localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and requires an intact RING finger domain to function. TRIM protein NF7, which also contains a chromodomain (CHD) at the N-terminus and an RFP (Ret finger protein)-like domain at the C-terminus, is required for its association with transcriptional units of RNA polymerase II which is mediated by a trimeric B box. In Xenopus oocyte, xNF7 has been identified as a nuclear microtubule-associated protein (MAP) whose microtubule-bundling activity, but not E3-ligase activity, contributes to microtubule organization and spindle integrity. Bloodthirsty (bty) is a novel gene identified in zebrafish and has been shown to likely play a role in in regulation of the terminal steps of erythropoiesis. TRIM72 has been shown to perform a critical function in membrane repair following acute muscle injury by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at injury sites. The PRY-SPRY domain in these TRIM families is suggested to serve as the target binding site.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRrK 158
Cdd:cd13733    1 DVTLDPDTAHPNLILSeDLKSVRYGDKRQNLPDNPERFdTCVCVLGSEGFSSGRHYWEVEVGGKTDWDLGVARESVNR-K 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPYIeY 238
Cdd:cd13733   80 GKITLSPENGYWTVGLRNGNEYKALTSPSTPLSLREKPQKVGVFLDYEEGQVSFYNVDDGSHIYTFTDCFTEKLYPYF-S 158

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 767938632 239 PSYNE--QNGTPIVIC 252
Cdd:cd13733  159 PCLNDggKNSAPLIIC 174

SPRY domain; SPRY Domain is named from SPla and the RYanodine Receptor and it is found in many eukaryotic proteins with a wide range of functions. It is a protein-interaction module involved in many important signalling pathways like RNA processing, regulation of histone H3 methylation, innate immunity or embryonic development. It can be divided into 11 subfamilies based on amino acid sequence similarity or the presence of additional protein domains. The greater SPRY family is divided into the SPRY/B30.2 (which contains a PRY extension at the N-terminal) and SPRY-only sub-families which are preceded by a subdomain that is structurally similar to the PRY region. SPRY/B30.2 structures revealed a bent beta-sandwich fold comprised of two beta-sheets. Distant homologs are domains in butyrophilin/ marenostrin/pyrin.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  132 KHYWEV--DGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRRKEyVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGT 209
Cdd:pfam00622   1 RHYFEVeiFGQDGGGWRVGWATKSVPRKGE-RFLGDESGSWGYDGWTGKKYWASTSPLTGLPLFEPGDVIGCFLDYEAGT 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 767938632  210 ISFFNiNDQSLIYTLT-CRFEGLLRPYI 236
Cdd:pfam00622  80 ISFTK-NGKSLGYAFRdVPFAGPLFPAV 106

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM7, TRIM10, TRIM11, TRIM17, TRIM20, TRIM21, TRIM27, TRIM35, TRIM38, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM58, TRIM60, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, NF7 and bloodthirsty; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of several Class IV TRIM proteins, including TRIM7, TRIM35, TRIM41, TRIM50, TRIM62, TRIM69, TRIM72, TRIM protein NF7 and bloodthirsty (bty). TRIM7 interacts with glycogenin and stimulates its self-glucosylating activity via its SPRY domain. TRIM35 may play a role as a tumor suppressor and is implicated in the cell death mechanism. TRIM41 is localized to speckles in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and functions as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of protein kinase C. TRIM50, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is deleted in Williams-Beuren (WBS) syndrome, a multi-system neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. TRIM62 is involved in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland; loss of TRIM62 gene expression in breast is associated with increased risk of recurrence in early-onset breast cancer. TRIM69 is a novel testis E3 ubiquitin ligase that may function to ubiquitinate its particular substrates during spermatogenesis. In humans, TRIM69 localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and requires an intact RING finger domain to function. TRIM protein NF7, which also contains a chromodomain (CHD) at the N-terminus and an RFP (Ret finger protein)-like domain at the C-terminus, is required for its association with transcriptional units of RNA polymerase II which is mediated by a trimeric B box. In Xenopus oocyte, xNF7 has been identified as a nuclear microtubule-associated protein (MAP) whose microtubule-bundling activity, but not E3-ligase activity, contributes to microtubule organization and spindle integrity. Bloodthirsty (bty) is a novel gene identified in zebrafish and has been shown to likely play a role in in regulation of the terminal steps of erythropoiesis. TRIM72 has been shown to perform a critical function in membrane repair following acute muscle injury by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at injury sites. The PRY-SPRY domain in these TRIM families is suggested to serve as the target binding site.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRrK 158
Cdd:cd13733    1 DVTLDPDTAHPNLILSeDLKSVRYGDKRQNLPDNPERFdTCVCVLGSEGFSSGRHYWEVEVGGKTDWDLGVARESVNR-K 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPYIeY 238
Cdd:cd13733   80 GKITLSPENGYWTVGLRNGNEYKALTSPSTPLSLREKPQKVGVFLDYEEGQVSFYNVDDGSHIYTFTDCFTEKLYPYF-S 158

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 767938632 239 PSYNE--QNGTPIVIC 252
Cdd:cd13733  159 PCLNDggKNSAPLIIC 174

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 20 (TRIM20), also known as pyrin; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM20, which is also known as pyrin or marenostrin. Unlike TRIM domains that are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core, the N-terminal RING domain in TRIM20 is exchanged by a PYRIN domain (PYD), a prime mediator of protein interactions necessary for apoptosis, inflammation and innate immune signaling pathway, and it also harbors a C-terminal B30.2 domain. Mutations in pyrin (TRIM20) are associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a recessively hereditary periodic fever syndrome, characterized by episodes of inflammation and fever. These mutations cluster in the C-terminal B30.2 domain and therefore it is assumed that pyrin plays a role in the innate immune system by possibly effecting caspase-1-dependent IL-1beta maturation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  72 LRDARKHAVEVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGV 149
Cdd:cd15813    1 LRAAQAHAVNVTLDPETAHPNLIFSdDLKSVRLGNKWDRLPDNPERFdSCIIVLGSPSFTSGRHYWEVEVGDKTGWILGV 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 150 CRDDVdRRKEYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRF- 228
Cdd:cd15813   81 CKASV-SRKGSMTLSPENGYWVVMMTKRNEYQASTSPPTRLWLREPPRRVGIFLDYEAGDISFYNVTAKSHIYTFTSFSs 159

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 767938632 229 EGLLRPYIEyPSYNE--QNGTPIVIC 252
Cdd:cd15813  160 SGPLQPIFS-PGTHDggKNMDPLTIC 184

PRY/SPRY domain of tripartite motif-binding protein 60 (TRIM60) also known as RING finger protein 33 (RNF33); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM60, which is also known as RING finger protein 33 (RNF33) or 129 (RNF129). TRIM60 domains are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC proteins. Based on its expression profile, RNF33 likely plays an important role in the spermatogenesis process, the development of the pre-implantation embryo, and in testicular functions; Rnf33 is temporally transcribed in the unfertilized egg and the pre-implantation embryo, and is permanently silenced before the blastocyst stage. Mice experiments have shown that RNF33 associates with the cytoplasmic motor proteins, kinesin-2 family members 3A (KIF3A) and 3B (KIF3B), suggesting possible contribution to cargo movement along the microtubule in the expressed sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  80 VEVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRR 157
Cdd:cd15828   10 VDVTLDPETAHPQLTVSeDRKSVLYGEMKQNVCYNPRRFyLCPAVLGSEGFHSGRQYWEVEVGDKPEWTLGVCQDCLPRN 89

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 158 KEYVTLSPDhGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPYIe 237
Cdd:cd15828   90 WSNQPSVQD-GLWAIGRYSESNYVALGPKKIQLLPKVRPSKIGIFLDYELGEVSFYNMNDRSLLYTFSDSFTGTLWPYF- 167

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 767938632 238 ypsYNEQNGTPIVICP 253
Cdd:cd15828  168 ---YTGTDSEPLKICT 180

PRY/SPRY domain of butyrophilin 3 (BTN3), includes BTN3A1, BTN3A2, BTN3A3 as well as BTN-like 3 (BTNL3); BTN3A also known as CD277; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of butyrophilin family 3A (BTN3A); duplication events have led to three paralogs in primates: BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3. BTNs belong to receptor glycoproteins of immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, characterized by the presence of extracellular Ig-like domains (IgV and/or IgC). BTN3 transcripts are ubiquitously present in all immune cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and hematopoietic precursors) with different expression levels; BTN3A1 and BTN3A2 are expressed mainly by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, BTN3A2 is the major form expressed in NK cells, and BTN3A3 is poorly expressed in these immune cells. The PRY/SPRY domain of the BTN3A1 isoform mediates phosphoantigen (pAg)-induced activation by binding directly to the pAg.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  79 AVEVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDr 156
Cdd:cd15820    3 PADVILDPDTANPILLISeDQRSLQWADEPQNLPDNPKRFdWHYCVLGCKSFTSGRHFWEVEVGDRKEWYVGVCRENVE- 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 157 RKEYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNprfisvFPRT------PPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYT-LTCRFE 229
Cdd:cd15820   82 RKLWVKMAPENGFWTIGLSDGNDYQALT------DPRTkltianPPQRVGVFLDYETGEVSFYNAMDGSHIYTfPHTSFS 155

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 767938632 230 GLLRPYIEYPSYNEqngTPIVICP 253
Cdd:cd15820  156 GPLYPVFRLLSWDP---TALTICP 176

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 21 (TRIM21) also known as 52kD Ribonucleoprotein Autoantigen (Ro52); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM21, which is also known as Sjogren Syndrome Antigen A (SSA), SSA1, 52kD Ribonucleoprotein Autoantigen (Ro52, Ro/SSA, SS-A/Ro) or RING finger protein 81 (RNF81). TRIM21 domains are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC proteins. As an E3 ligase, TRIM21 mediates target specificity in ubiquitination; it regulates type 1 interferon and proinflammatory cytokines via ubiquitination of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). It is up-regulated at the site of autoimmune inflammation, such as cutaneous lupus lesions, indicating a central role in the tissue destructive inflammatory process. It interacts with auto-antigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the protein component of the human intracellular ribonucleoprotein-RNA complexes and more specifically TRIM21, Ro60/TROVE2 and La/SSB proteins. It binds the Fc part of IgG molecules via its PRY-SPRY domain with unexpectedly high affinity.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  78 HAVEVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTRKSVV-ASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVd 155
Cdd:cd12900    1 HMVHITLDPDTANPWLILSkDRRQVRLGDTHQNVPENEERFDNYPMVlGAQRFNSGKHYWEVDVTGKEAWDLGVCRDSV- 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 156 RRKEYVTLSPDHGYWVLRL-NGEHLYFTLNPRFISVfpRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQ-SLIYTLT-CRFEGLL 232
Cdd:cd12900   80 RRKGQFLLSPENGFWTIWLwNKKYEAGTSPQTTLHL--QVPPCQVGIFLDYEAGVVSFYNITDHgSLIYTFSeCAFTGPL 157

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 767938632 233 RPYIEyPSYNE--QNGTPIVICPV 254
Cdd:cd12900  158 RPFFN-PGFNDsgGNAAPLTLCPL 180

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 58 (TRIM58), also known as BIA2; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM58, also known as BIA2. TRIM58 domains are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC proteins.It is implicated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to regulate erythrocyte traits, including cell size and number. Trim58 facilitates erythroblast enucleation by inducing proteolytic degradation of the microtubule motor dynein.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRRK 158
Cdd:cd15816    1 DVKLDPATAHPSLLLTaDLRSVQDGELWRDVPGNPERFdTWPCVLGLQSFSSGRHYWEVAVGEKAEWGLGVCQDSAPRKG 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 767938632 159 EyVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPY 235
Cdd:cd15816   81 E-TTPSPENGVWAVWLLKGNEYMVLASPSVPLLQLRRPRRVGVFLDYEAGEISFYNVTAGSHIYTFRQLFSGILRPY 156

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 7 (TRIM7)-like, including TRIM7, TRIM10, TRIM15, TRIM26, TRIM39, TRIM41; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of several tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM7 (also referred to as glycogenin-interacting protein, RING finger protein 90 or RNF90), TRIM10, TRIM15, TRIM26, TRIM39 and TRIM41. TRIM7 or GNIP interacts with glycogenin and stimulates its self-glucosylating activity via its SPRY domain. TRIM10 (also known as hematopoietic RING finger 1 (HERF1) or TRIM10/HERF1) plays a key role in definitive erythroid development; downregulation of the Spi-1/PU.1 oncogene induces the expression of TRIM10/HERF1, a key factor required for terminal erythroid cell differentiation and survival. Antiviral activity of TRIM15 is dependent on the ability of its B-box to interact with the MLV Gag precursor protein; downregulation of TRIM15, along with TRIM11, enhances virus release suggesting that these proteins contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. Tripartite motif-containing 26 (TRIM26) function is as yet unknown; however, since it is localized in the human histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region, TRIM26 may play a role in immune response although studies show no association between TRIM26 polymorphisms and the risk of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. TRIM39 is a MOAP-1 (Modulator of Apoptosis)-binding protein that stabilizes MOAP-1 through inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM41 (also known as RING finger-interacting protein with C kinase or RINCK) functions as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of protein kinase C.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVdRRK 158
Cdd:cd12888    1 NVTLDPDTAHPRLVLSeDRKSVRWGDTRQDLPDNPERFdTWPCVLGCEGFTSGRHYWEVEVGDGGGWAVGVARESV-RRK 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEhLYFTLNprfiSVFPRTP----PTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLT 225
Cdd:cd12888   80 GEISFSPEEGIWAVGQWGG-QYWALT----SPETPLPlsevPRRIRVYLDYEGGQVAFFDADNEAPIFTFP 145

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (TRIM35); This PRY/SPRY domain is found at the C-terminus of the overall domain architecture of tripartite motif 35, TRIM35 (also known as hemopoietic lineage switch protein), which includes a RING finger domain (RING) and a B-box motif (BBOX). TRIM35 may play a role as a tumor suppressor and is implicated in the cell death mechanism.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  82 VTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFT-RKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDrRKE 159
Cdd:cd12893    2 VTLDPNTAHPWLSLSeDLTSVRYSSEKQQLPDNPERFDpYPCVLGSEGFTSGKHSWDVEVGDNTSWMLGVAKESVQ-RKG 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 160 YVTLSPDHGYWVLRL-NGEHLYFTlnprfiSVFPRTP------PTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLL 232
Cdd:cd12893   81 KFTLSPESGFWTIGFsEGKYSART------SPEPRTPlrvkqkPQRIRVQLDWDRGKVSFSDPDTNTHIHTFTHTFTERV 154

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 767938632 233 RPYIeypsYNEQNGTPIVICP 253
Cdd:cd12893  155 FPYF----YTGCKSEPLRILP 171

PRY/SPRY domain of tripartite motif-binding protein 11 (TRIM11), also known as RING finger protein 92 (RNF92); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM11, also known as RING finger protein 92 (RNF92) or BIA1. TRIM11 domains are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC proteins. It localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm; it is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 increases expression of dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene by interacting with the homeodomain transcription factor, PHOX2B, via the B30.2/SPRY domain, thus playing a potential role in the specification of noradrenergic (NA) neuron phenotype. It has also been shown that TRIM11 plays a critical role in the clearance of mutant PHOX2B, which causes congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, via the proteasome. TRIM11 binds a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), and destabilizes it, through the ubiquitin-proteasome system; ARC105 mediates chromatin-directed transcription activation and is a key regulatory factor for transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTR-KSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRrK 158
Cdd:cd15811    1 DVTLDPDTANPELVLSeDRRSVRRGDLRQALPDSPERFDPgPCVLGRERFTSGRHYWEVEVGDRTSWALGVCKENVNR-K 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHlYFTLNPRFISVfpRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLT-CRFEGLLRPYIE 237
Cdd:cd15811   80 EKGELSAGNGFWILVFLGNY-YSSERRTFAPL--RDPPRRVGIFLDYEAGHLSFYSATDGSLLFIFPeTPFSGTLRPLFS 156

                        170
                 ....*....|....*
gi 767938632 238 YPSyneQNGTPIVIC 252
Cdd:cd15811  157 PLS---SSPTPMTIC 168

PRY/SPRY domain, also known as B30.2; This domain contains residues in the N-terminus that form a distinct PRY domain structure such that the B30.2 domain consists of PRY and SPRY subdomains. B30.2 domains comprise the C-terminus of three protein families: BTNs (receptor glycoproteins of immunoglobulin superfamily); several TRIM proteins (composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core); Stonutoxin (secreted poisonous protein of the stonefish Synanceia horrida). While SPRY domains are evolutionarily ancient, B30.2 domains are a more recent adaptation where the SPRY/PRY combination is a possible component of immune defense. Among the TRIM proteins, also known as the N-terminal RING finger/B-box/coiled coil (RBCC) family, only Classes I and II contain the B30.2 domain that has evolved under positive selection. Class I TRIM proteins include multiple members involved in antiviral immunity at various levels of interferon signaling cascade. Among the 75 human TRIMs, roughly half enhance immune response, which they do at multiple levels in signaling pathways. The PRY-SPRY domain in these TRIM families is suggested to serve as the target binding site.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  82 VTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTRKS-VVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRRKE 159
Cdd:cd12874    1 LTFDPDTAHLNLILSdDLRSVRVGDISQHPPEPPPRFFECWqVLGSQSFSSGRHYWEVDVQDDSSWYVGVTYKSLPRKGK 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 767938632 160 YVTLSPDHGYWVL-RLNGEHLYFTLNPRfiSVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQ-SLIYTLTCRFEGLLRP 234
Cdd:cd12874   81 MSNLGRNNGSWCLeWRENEFSAWHNNPE--TRLPVTPPRRLGVFLDCDGGSLSFYGVTDGvQLLYTFKAKFTEPLYP 155

PRY/SPRY domain of tripartite motif-binding protein 5, 6, 22 and 34 (TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22 and TRIM34); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of very close paralogs, TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22 and TRIM34. These domains are composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and are also known as RBCC proteins. They form a locus of four closely related TRIM genes within an olfactory receptor-rich region on chromosome 11 of the human genome. Genetic analysis of this locus indicates that these four genes have evolved by gene duplication from a common ancestral gene. All genes in the TRIM6/TRIM34/TRIM5/TRIM22 locus are type I interferon inducible, with TRIM5 and TRIM22 possessing antiviral properties. TRIM5 promotes innate immune signaling by activating the TAK1 kinase complex by cooperating with the heterodimeric E2, UBC13/UEV1A. It also stimulates NFkB and AP-1 signaling, and the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, amplifying these activities upon retroviral infection. Interaction of its PRY-SPRY or cyclophilin domains with the retroviral capsid lattice stimulates the formation of a complementary lattice by TRIM5, with greatly increased TRIM5 E3 activity, and host cell signal transduction. TRIM6 is selectively expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and interacts with the proto-oncogene product Myc, maintaining the pluripotency of the ES cells. TRIM6, together with E2 Ubiquitin conjugase (UbE2K) and K48-linked poly-Ub chains, is critical for the IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) branch of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway and subsequent establishment of a protective antiviral response. TRIM22 plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses; it has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. Altered TRIM22 expression has also been associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune disease. While the PRY-SPRY domain of TRIM5a provides specificity and the capsid recognition motif to retroviral restriction, TRIM34 binds HIV-1 capsid but does not restrict HIV-1 infection.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVC--------- 150
Cdd:cd15810    1 DVTLNPVNISLNIVISeDQRQVRIVPPQTSGQALTNNNYDFGVLGSQYFSSGKHYWEVDVSKKSAWILGVCshkrsdamt 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 151 ---RDDVDRRKEYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLY------FTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNI-NDQSL 220
Cdd:cd15810   81 ksnANQINHQNVYSRYQPQYGYWVIGLQNESEYnafedsSSFNPHVLTLSVTVPPHRVGVFLDYEAGTVSFFNVtNHGSL 160

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 767938632 221 IYTLT-CRFegllrPYIEYPSYNEQNGT-PIVIC 252
Cdd:cd15810  161 IYKFSkCCF-----STTVCPYFNPWNCPvPMTLC 189

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 7 (TRIM7); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of tripartite motif-containing protein 7 (TRIM7), also referred to as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90). TRIM7 or GNIP interacts with glycogenin and stimulates its self-glucosylating activity via its SPRY domain. The GNIP gene encodes at least four distinct isoforms of GNIP, of which three (GNIP1, GNIP2, and GNIP3) have the B30.2 domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVdRRK 158
Cdd:cd13740    1 ELTLDPDSANPRLILSlDLKSVRLGERAQDLPNHPCRFdTNTRVLASCGFSSGRHHWEVEVGSKDGWAFGVARESV-RRK 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 159 EYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRfisvfpRTP-----PTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLR 233
Cdd:cd13740   80 GLTPFTPEEGVWALQLNGGQYWAVTSPE------RTPlscghLSRVRVALDLEVGAVSFYAAEDMRHIYTFRVNFQERVF 153

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 234 PYIEYPSyneqNGTPIVICP 253
Cdd:cd13740  154 PLFSVCS----TGTYLRIWP 169

PRY/SPRY domain of tripartite motif-binding protein 17 (TRIM17), also known as testis RING finger protein (terf); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM17, also known as RING finger protein 16 (RNF16) or testis RING finger protein (terf). TRIM17 domain is composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC protein, expressed almost exclusively in the testis. It exhibits E3 ligase activity, causing protein degradation of ZW10 interacting protein (ZWINT), a known component of the kinetochore complex required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and negatively regulates proliferation of breast cancer cells. TRIM17 undergoes ubiquitination in COS7 fibroblast-like cells but is inhibited and stabilized by TRIM44.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  81 EVTLDPETAHPKLCVSDLKTVTHRKAPQE-VPHSEKRF-TRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEV--DGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDR 156
Cdd:cd15812    1 DVVPDPSTAYPYLLLYESRQRRYLSTPPDgTPCSKDRFlAYPCAVGQETFSSGRHYWEVgmNLTGDALWALGVCRDNVSR 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 157 rKEYVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQSLIYTLT-CRFEGLLRPY 235
Cdd:cd15812   81 -KDRVPKSPENGFWVVQLSKGKKYLSAMSALTPVTLTEPPSHMGIFLDFEAGEVSFYSVNDGSHLHTYSqAAFPGPLQPF 159

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-binding protein 50 (TRIM50); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM50. TRIM50, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is deleted in Williams-Beuren (WBS) syndrome, a multi-system neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. It is specifically expressed in gastric parietal cells and may play an essential role in tubulovesicular dynamics. It also interacts with and increases the level of p62, a multifunctional adaptor protein that is implicated in various cellular processes such as the autophagy clearance of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  84 LDPETAHPKLCVSDLKTVTHRKA-PQEVPHSEKRFTRKS-VVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRRKEYV 161
Cdd:cd13743   16 LDPLTAHPMLELSKGNTVVECGLlAQRLPSNPERFDYSNcVLASRGFSSGKHYWEVVVGSKSKWRLGLIKGTTSRKGKLN 95

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 162 TlSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLY--FTlNPRFisVFP-RTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNIN---DQSLIYTLTCRFEGLLRPY 235
Cdd:cd13743   96 K-SPENGVWLIGLKEGRVYeaFA-NPRV--PLPlSTRPQRIGVFLDYEKGELTFYNADspdELVPIYTFQAEFQGKLYPL 171

                 ..
gi 767938632 236 IE 237
Cdd:cd13743  172 LD 173

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22), also known as RING finger protein 94 (RNF94) or Stimulated trans-acting factor of 50 kDa (STAF50); This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of TRIM22, also known as RING finger protein 94 (RNF94) or STAF50 (Stimulated trans-acting factor of 50 kDa). TRIM6 domain is composed of RING/B-box/coiled-coil core and also known as RBCC protein. TRIM22 is an interferon-induced protein, predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, in lymphoid tissue such as spleen and thymus, and in the ovary.TRIM22 plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses; it has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) infection by targeting the viral nucleoprotein for degradation; it represents a novel restriction factor up-regulated upon IAV infection that curtails its replicative capacity in epithelial cells. Altered TRIM22 expression has also been associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune disease. A large number of high-risk non-synonymous (ns)SNPs have been identified in the highly polymorphic TRIM22 gene, most of which are located in the SPRY domain and could possibly alter critical regions of the SPRY structural and functional residues, including several sites that undergo post-translational modification. TRIM22 is a direct p53 target gene and inhibits the clonogenic growth of leukemic cells. Its expression in Wilms tumors is negatively associated with disease relapse. It is greatly under-expressed in breast cancer cells as compared to non-malignant cell lines; p53 dysfunction may be one of the mechanisms for its down-regulation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  78 HAVEVTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVC--RDDV 154
Cdd:cd15824    1 YWVDVMLNPVNAVSNVVVSaDQRQVTVVHICMFRNSNPCDFSAFDVLGCQYFSSGKYYWEVDVSGKIAWILGVYskRNNL 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632 155 DRRKE--------------YVTLSPDHGYWVLRLNGEHLY------FTLNPRFISVFPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFN 214
Cdd:cd15824   81 NKRKSsgfafdpnvnhpnvYSRYRPQNGYWVIGLQNESEYnafedsSSSDPKVLTLSMAVPPHRVGVFLDYEAGTVSFFN 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 767938632 215 I-NDQSLIYTLT-CRFEgllRPyiEYPSYNEQN-GTPIVICP 253
Cdd:cd15824  161 VtNHGSLIYKFSkCCFS---QP--VYPYFNPWNcPAPMTLCP 197

PRY/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM14-like, TRIM16-like, TRIM25-like, TRIM47-like, TRIM65 and RNF135, and stonustoxin; This domain, consisting of the distinct N-terminal PRY subdomain followed by the SPRY subdomain, is found at the C-terminus of several Class I TRIM proteins, including TRIM14, TRIM16 and TRIM25, TRIM47 as well as RING finger protein RNF135 and stonustoxin, a secreted poisonous protein of the stonefish Synanceja horrida. TRIM16 (also known as estrogen-responsive B box protein or EBBP) has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation and a tumor suppressor in retinoid-sensitive neuroblastoma. TRIM25 (also called Efp) ubiquitinates the N terminus of the viral RNA receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) in response to viral infection, leading to activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, thus resulting in type I interferon production to limit viral replication. It has been shown that the influenza A virus targets TRIM25 and disables its antiviral function. TRIM47, also known as GOA (Gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein) or RNF100 (RING finger protein 100), is highly expressed in kidney tubular cells, but low expressed in most tissue. It is overexpressed in astrocytoma tumor cells and plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. RNF135 ubiquitinates RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I) to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection. Stonustoxin (STNX) is a hypotensive and lethal protein factor that also possesses other biological activities such as species-specific hemolysis (due to its ability to form pores in the cell membrane) and platelet aggregation, edema-induction, and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (mediated by the nitric oxide pathway and activation of potassium channels). The PRY-SPRY domain in these TRIM families is suggested to serve as the target binding site.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 767938632  82 VTLDPETAHPKLCVS-DLKTVTHRKAPQEVPHSEKRFTRKSVVASQSFQAGKHYWEVDGGHNKRWRVGVCRDDVDRRkey 160
Cdd:cd12891    1 LTLDPNTAHNNLALSgDLKTVTCSSENQHYPDSPERFTHSQVLSTQSFSSGRHYWEVEVSESGGWSVGVAYPSIERK--- 77

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 767938632 161 vtlSPDH--GY----WVLRLNGEHLYFTLNPRFISVfPRTPPTKIGVFLDYECGTISFFNINDQ-SLIYTLTCRF 228
Cdd:cd12891   78 ---GDESriGRndksWCLEWQDKSFSAWHNNEETPL-PSVSSRRLGVYLDYEAGRLSFYELSDPiRHLHTFTATF 148