DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GCNF is a transcription factor expressed in post-meiotic stages of developing male germ cells. In vitro, GCNF has the ability to bind to direct repeat elements of 5'-AGGTCA.AGGTCA-3', as well as to an extended half-site sequence 5'-TCA.AGGTCA-3'. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GCNF has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  10 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07169    1 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 80

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 530390969  90 EDGMPGGRNK 99
Cdd:cd07169   81 EDGMPGGRNK 90

DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GCNF is a transcription factor expressed in post-meiotic stages of developing male germ cells. In vitro, GCNF has the ability to bind to direct repeat elements of 5'-AGGTCA.AGGTCA-3', as well as to an extended half-site sequence 5'-TCA.AGGTCA-3'. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GCNF has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  10 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07169    1 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 80

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 530390969  90 EDGMPGGRNK 99
Cdd:cd07169   81 EDGMPGGRNK 90

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969    17 TCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRK 86
Cdd:smart00399   1 LCCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDPE 70

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  245 LCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILL----SSLTVYSKQIFGELADVTAKYSPSDEELHRFS 320
Cdd:pfam00104  16 LCELWERDLLLVAEWAKHFPEFQELPLEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLekaaRSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMISDDDAMKFVEDDSS 95

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  321 DEGMEVIERLIY-----------LYHKFHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINFLNQDIRGLTSaSQLEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKYT 389
Cdd:pfam00104  96 WCTNYDLEQLLFflpffnsyffeLVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLFDYAGDGLSG-EILEIVEKLQEKLANELHDYYVN 174

                         170
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 530390969  390 HQPNRFPDLMMCLPEIR 406
Cdd:pfam00104 175 KYSGRLAKLLKILPSLR 191

DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GCNF is a transcription factor expressed in post-meiotic stages of developing male germ cells. In vitro, GCNF has the ability to bind to direct repeat elements of 5'-AGGTCA.AGGTCA-3', as well as to an extended half-site sequence 5'-TCA.AGGTCA-3'. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GCNF has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  10 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07169    1 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 80

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 530390969  90 EDGMPGGRNK 99
Cdd:cd07169   81 EDGMPGGRNK 90

DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Ecdysone-induced orphan receptor DHR4 is a member of the nuclear receptor family. DHR4 is expressed during the early Drosophila larval development and is induced by ecdysone. DHR4 coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine response to the attainment of proper body size during larval development. Mutations in DHR4 result in shorter larval development which translates into smaller and lighter flies. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, DHR4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  10 DDRAEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07168    1 DEDESPKLCSICEDKATGLHYGIITCEGCKGFFKRTVQNKRVYTCVGDGRCEITKAQRNRCQYCRFRKCIRKGMMLAAVR 80

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 530390969  90 EDGMPGGRNK 99
Cdd:cd07168   81 EDRMPGGRNS 90

The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which is required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 regulated genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development; SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as monomers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDGMPGGR 97
Cdd:cd07167    1 CPVCGDKVSGYHYGLLTCESCKGFFKRTVQNKKRYTCIENQNCQIDKTQRKRCPYCRFQKCLSVGMKLEAVRADRMRGGR 80

                 ..
gi 530390969  98 NK 99
Cdd:cd07167   81 NK 82

The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, a family of ligand-activated transcription regulators; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR): Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions in metazoans, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism. The superfamily contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. The members of the family include receptors of steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids, cholesterol by-products, lipids and heme. With few exceptions, NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 244 LLCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILLSSLTVYSKQIFGELADVTAKYSPSDEELHRFSDEG 323
Cdd:cd06157    2 LLCELATRDLLLIVEWAKSIPGFRELPLEDQIVLLKSFWLELLVLDLAYRSYKNGLSLLLAPNGGHTDDDKEDEMKLLLK 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 324 MEVIERLIYLYHKFHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINFLNQDI-RGLTSASQLEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKY-THQPNRFPDLMMC 401
Cdd:cd06157   82 GELIRLLFEFVNPLRALKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFSPDRkESLEDRKIVEELQERLLEALQDYLRKNYpEEAPSRFAKLLLL 161

                 ....*..
gi 530390969 402 LPEIRYI 408
Cdd:cd06157  162 LPSLRKL 168

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIRED 91
Cdd:cd06960    1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTCRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEAVQNE 74

DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both natural dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RAR function as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs), which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair and found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  16 RTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDgmpg 95
Cdd:cd06964    5 KPCFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYTCHRDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESVRND---- 80

                 ....
gi 530390969  96 gRNK 99
Cdd:cd06964   81 -RNK 83

DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RXR functions as a DNA binding partner by forming heterodimers with other nuclear receptors including CAR, FXR, LXR, PPAR, PXR, RAR, TR, and VDR. All RXR heterodimers preferentially bind response elements composed of direct repeats of two AGGTCA sites with a 1-5 bp spacer. RXRs can play different roles in these heterodimers. RXR acts either as a structural component of the heterodimer complex, required for DNA binding but not acting as a receptor, or as both a structural and a functional component of the heterodimer, allowing 9-cis RA to signal through the corresponding heterodimer. In addition, RXR can also form homodimers, functioning as a receptor for 9-cis RA, independently of other nuclear receptors. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, RXR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIRED 91
Cdd:cd06956    3 CAICGDRASGKHYGVYSCEGCKGFFKRTVRKDLTYTCRDNKDCLIDKRQRNRCQYCRYQKCLAMGMKREAVQEE 76

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 530390969  17 TCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd06969    2 LCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVR 74

Ligand binding domain of hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969   249 ADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILLSSLTVYSKQIFGELADVTAKYSPSDEELHRFSDEGMEVIE 328
Cdd:smart00430   1 AERQLLLTVEWAKSFPGFRELSLEDQIVLLKSFWFELLLLELAYRSVKLKKELLLAPDGTYIRPDAVLELRKLFSPFLDR 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969   329 RLIYLYHKFHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINFLNQDIRGLTSASQ--LEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKY-THQPNRFPDLMMCLPEI 405
Cdd:smart00430  81 ILSELVKPLRELKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFNPAVPGLSEEGKeiVEKLQEKYANALHDYYLKNYpMNYPGRFAKLLLILPEL 160

                   ...
gi 530390969   406 RYI 408
Cdd:smart00430 161 RKI 163

DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor-like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor- like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. REV-ERB receptors are transcriptional regulators belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. REV-ERB receptors bind as a monomer to a (A/G)GGTCA half-site with a 5' AT-rich extension or as a homodimer to a direct repeat 2 element (AGGTCA sequence with a 2-bp spacer), indicating functional diversity. When bound to the DNA, they recruit corepressors (NcoR/histone deacetylase 3) to the promoter, resulting in repression of the target genes. The porphyrin heme has been demonstrated to function as a ligand for REV-ERB receptor. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, REV-ERB receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYR-CSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07166    6 CKVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRSIQQKIQYRkCTKNETCSIMRINRNRCQYCRFKKCLAVGMSRDAVR 78

DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVY-RCsrDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDGMP 94
Cdd:cd06965    2 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYkPC--DLSCKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRFGRMP 77

The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRC-SRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07154    1 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGVYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNLLYTCkAGNGSCVVDKARRNQCQACRLKKCLEVSMNKDAVQ 73

The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor (NR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. The proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulting from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIR 89
Cdd:cd07179    1 CRVCGGKSSGFHFGALTCEGCKGFFRRTELSSNSYVCPGGQNCAITPATRNACKSCRFRRCLAVGMSKTGSR 72

DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TLX interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. TLX is an orphan receptor that is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG). It plays a key role in neural development by promoting cell cycle progression and preventing apoptosis in the developing brain. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TLX has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRC-SRDK-NCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDGMPg 95
Cdd:cd07163    9 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGIYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNRQYVCkSKGQgGCPVDKTHRNQCRACRLKKCFEVGMNKDAVQHERGP- 87

                 ....*.
gi 530390969  96 gRNKSI 101
Cdd:cd07163   88 -RNSTL 92

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. ER and ERR interact with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. ERR and ER are closely related and share sequence similarity, target genes, co-regulators and promoters. While ER is activated by endogenous estrogen, ERR lacks the ability to bind to estrogen. Estrogen receptor mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen by the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element of target genes. However, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen responsive signaling by targeting the same set of genes. ERRs and ERs exhibit the common modular structure with other nuclear receptors. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIRED 91
Cdd:cd07155    1 CLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNLGYSCPSTSECEVDKKRRKSCQACRLQKCLKVGMLKEGVRLD 74

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ER interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Estrogen receptor is a transcription regulator that mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen. The binding of estrogen to the receptor triggers the dimerization and the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element, which is a palindromic inverted repeat: 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', of target genes. Through ER, estrogen regulates development, reproduction and homeostasis. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 530390969  13 AEQRTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIRED 91
Cdd:cd07171    1 KDTHFCAVCSDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYICPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRRE 79

The DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three types of nuclear receptors: Ecdysone receptor (EcR), Liver X receptor (LXR) and Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The DNA binding activity is regulated by their corresponding ligands. The ligands for EcR are ecdysteroids; LXR is regulated by oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols; and bile acids control FXR's activities. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcR-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGM 83
Cdd:cd06959    2 CVVCGDKASGFHYGVLSCEGCKGFFRRSVTKGAVYACKFGNKCEMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCKAAGM 67

The ligand binding domain of FTZ-F1 like nuclear receptors; The ligand binding domain of FTZ-F1 like nuclear receptors: This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development. SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 209 YSLIHQLLSAEDLEP-----LGTPMLIEDGYAVTQAELFALLCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQ 283
Cdd:cd06944    2 PLLILELLQCEPDERqvqarIFALLQQETYNRGEELDTFGLMCKMADQTLFSIVEWARNSVFFKELKVDDQMKLLQNCWS 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 284 ELILLSSL---TVYSKQ-----IFGELADVTAKYSPSDEELHRFSDEGMEVIERLiylyhkfHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINF 355
Cdd:cd06944   82 ELLVLDHIyrqVHHGKEdsillVTGQEVDLSTLASQAGLGLSSLVDRAQELVNKL-------RELQFDRQEFVCLKFLIL 154

                        170       180       190       200       210
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 530390969 356 LNQDIRGLTSASQLEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKYTHQPNRFPDLMMCLPEIRYIA 409
Cdd:cd06944  155 FNPDVKGLENRQLVESVQEQVNAALLDYTLCNYPQQTDKFGQLLLRLPEIRAIS 208

DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. LXR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. LXR operates as cholesterol sensor which protects cells from cholesterol overload by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver and its excretion in the bile. Oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols were identified as specific ligands for LXRs. LXR functions as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) which may be activated by either LXR agonist or 9-cis retinoic acid, a specific RXR ligand. The LXR/RXR complex binds to a liver X receptor response element (LXRE) in the promoter region of target genes. The ideal LXRE sequence is a direct repeat-4 (DR-4) DNA fragment consisting of two AGGTCA hexameric half-sites separated by a 4-nucleotide spacer. LXR has typical NR modular structure with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and the ligand binding domain (LBD) at the C-terminal.

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gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGM 83
Cdd:cd07160   21 CSVCGDKASGFHYNVLSCEGCKGFFRRSVIKGAQYVCKNGGKCQMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCREAGM 86

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDK-NCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDGMP 94
Cdd:cd06957    1 CKVCGDKSYGKHYGVYCCDGCSCFFKRSVRKGIIYTCIAGNgNCVVDKARRNWCPFCRLQKCFAVGMNRAAVQEERGP 78

Ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors, a member of the nuclear receptor family; The ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs): COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. In mammals two isoforms named COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII have been identified. Both genes show an exceptional homology and overlapping expression patterns, suggesting that they may serve redundant functions. Although COUP-TF was originally characterized as a transcriptional activator of the chicken ovalbumin gene, COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors, such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well cons erved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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gi 530390969 245 LCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILLSSLTVYSK-QIFGELADVTAKYSP-SDEELHRFSDE 322
Cdd:cd06948   35 ICELAARLLFSAVEWARNIPFFPDLQVTDQVALLRLSWSELFVLNAAQCCMPlHVAPLLAAAGLHASPmSADRVVAFMDH 114

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 323 gMEVIERLIylyHKFHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINFLNQDIRGLTSASQLEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKYTHQPNRFPDLMMCL 402
Cdd:cd06948  115 -IRIFQEQV---EKLKALHVDSAEFSCLKAIVLFTSDACGLSDPAHIESLQEKSQCALEEYVRTQYPNQPTRFGKLLLRL 190

                        170
                 ....*....|....*...
gi 530390969 403 PEIRYIAGKMVnvplEQL 420
Cdd:cd06948  191 PSLRTVSSSVI----EQL 204

DNA-binding domain of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. CAR DBD interacts with CAR response element, a perfect repeat of two AGTTCA motifs with a 4 bp spacer upstream of the target gene, and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. It functions as a heterodimer with RXR. The CAR/RXR heterodimer binds many common response elements in the promoter regions of a diverse set of target genes involved in the metabolism, transport, and ultimately, elimination of these molecules from the body. CAR is a closest mammalian relative of PXR and is activated by some of the same ligands as PXR and regulates a subset of common genes. The sequence homology and functional similarity suggests that the CAR gene arose from a duplication of an ancestral PXR gene. Like other nuclear receptors, CAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain, a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain.

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gi 530390969  16 RTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAI 88
Cdd:cd06966    1 KICGVCGDKALGYNFNAITCESCKAFFRRNALKNKEFKCPFNESCEINVVTRRFCQKCRLDKCFAIGMKKEWI 73

The DNA binding domain of GR_like nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA binding domain of GR_like nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. It interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family of NRs includes four types of nuclear hormone receptors: glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR). The receptors bind to common DNA elements containing a partial palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3bp spacer. These four receptors regulate some of the most fundamental physiological functions such as the stress response, metabolism, electrolyte homeostasis, immune function, growth, development, and reproduction. The NRs in this family have high sequence homology and share similar functional mechanisms. The dominant mechanism of function is by direct DNA binding and transcriptional regulation of target genes . The GR, MR, PR, and AR exhibit same modular structure. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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gi 530390969  18 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKA 87
Cdd:cd06963    1 CLICGDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRLRKCYQAGMTLGA 70

The ligand binding domain of the liver receptor homolog-1, a member of nuclear receptor superfamily,; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of the liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1): LRH-1 belongs to nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and is expressed mainly in the liver, intestine, exocrine pancreas, and ovary. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 binds DNA as a monomer, and is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development. Recently, phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, LRH-1 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 242 FALLCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILLSSL---TVYSKQ-----IFGELADVTAKYSPSD 313
Cdd:cd07069   42 FGLMCKMADQTLFSIVEWARSSIFFRELKVDDQMKLLQNCWSELLILDHIyrqVVHGKEgsiflVTGQQVDYSIIASQAG 121

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 314 EELHRFSDEGMEVIERLiylyhkfHQLKVSNEEYACMKAINFLNQDIRGLTSASQLEQLNKRYWYICQDFTEYKYTHQPN 393
Cdd:cd07069  122 ATLNNLMSHAQELVAKL-------RSLQFDQREFVCLKFLVLFSLDVKNLENFQLVEGVQEQVNAALLDYTMCNYPQQTE 194

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 530390969 394 RFPDLMMCLPEIRYIA 409
Cdd:cd07069  195 KFGQLLLRLPEIRAIS 210

The first DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The first DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptors(NRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. Theses proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulted from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

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gi 530390969  16 RTCLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRV--YRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRK 86
Cdd:cd07157    1 QTCQVCGEPAAGFHHGAYVCEACKKFFMRSSNAISFtiSECPNGGKCIIDKKNRTKCQACRYRKCLNVGMSLG 73

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptor family 1; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR) family 1: This is one of the major subfamily of nuclear receptors, including thyroid receptor, retinoid acid receptor, ecdysone receptor, farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, and other related receptors. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 530390969 240 ELFALLCRLADELLFRQIAWIKKLPFFCELSIKDYTCLLSSTWQELILLSSLTVYSKQiFGELADVTAKYSpSDEELHRF 319
Cdd:cd06929    2 EKFDHFTEIMTVAIRRVVEFAKRIPGFRELSQEDQIALLKGGCFEILLLRSATLYDPE-KNSLTFGDGKGN-SRDVLLNG 79