PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7948997    4 NVVLPGPAPWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKIDR 82
Cdd:cd06753   1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

Domain of unknown function (DUF4749); This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is typically between 121 and 170 amino acids in length. It is usually found in association with pfam00595 (PDZ) and pfam00412 (LIM), and often contains the conserved Zasp-like motif (IPR006643).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997    137 QVVSASYNSPIGLYSTSNIQDALHGQLRGLIPGSLQNEPTASVPP-------QSDVYRMLHDNRDDPAAPRQSGSFRVLQ 209
Cdd:pfam15936   1 KVVHAQYNSPIGLYSSENIQDALSGQLSGLAGSSEGGKPPPSRPPkkpvvdaDSEVYKMLQENQEPKEPPRQSGSFRVLQ 80

                          90
                  ....*....|.
gi 7948997    210 DLVNDGPDDRP 220
Cdd:pfam15936  81 EILETEYLQPP 91

PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7948997    4 NVVLPGPAPWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKIDR 82
Cdd:cd06753   1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

Domain of unknown function (DUF4749); This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is typically between 121 and 170 amino acids in length. It is usually found in association with pfam00595 (PDZ) and pfam00412 (LIM), and often contains the conserved Zasp-like motif (IPR006643).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997    137 QVVSASYNSPIGLYSTSNIQDALHGQLRGLIPGSLQNEPTASVPP-------QSDVYRMLHDNRDDPAAPRQSGSFRVLQ 209
Cdd:pfam15936   1 KVVHAQYNSPIGLYSSENIQDALSGQLSGLAGSSEGGKPPPSRPPkkpvvdaDSEVYKMLQENQEPKEPPRQSGSFRVLQ 80

                          90
                  ....*....|.
gi 7948997    210 DLVNDGPDDRP 220
Cdd:pfam15936  81 EILETEYLQPP 91

PDZ domain; PDZ domains are found in diverse signaling proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 7948997      8 PGPAPWGFRLSGGIDF-NQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKI 80
Cdd:pfam00595   7 DGRGGLGFSLKGGSDQgDPGIFVSEVLPGGAAEAGGLKVGDRILSINGQDVENMTHEEAVLALKGSGGKVTLTI 80

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997     246 CDKCGSGIVGA--VVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:smart00132   2 CAGCGKPIYGTerVLRALGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYCKDC 54

carboxyl-terminal processing protease; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997    27 LVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKA-ASYQLCLKIDRA-ETRL 87
Cdd:PLN00049 104 LVVVAPAPGGPAARAGIRPGDVILAIDGTSTEGLSLYEAADRLQGpEGSSVELTLRRGpETRL 166

PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7948997    4 NVVLPGPAPWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKIDR 82
Cdd:cd06753   1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

The LIM domain of ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) family; This family represents the LIM domain of ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) family. Four proteins: ALP, CLP36, RIL, and Mystique have been classified into the ALP subfamily of LIM domain proteins. Each member of the subfamily contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal LIM domain. Functionally, these proteins bind to alpha-actinin through their PDZ domains and bind or other signaling molecules through their LIM domains. ALP proteins have been implicated in cardiac and skeletal muscle structure, function and disease, platelet, and epithelial cell motility. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETHA 297
Cdd:cd09360   1 CDKCGNGIVGVVVKARDKNRHPECFVCADCGLNLKNKGYFFIEDELYCETHA 52

This family represents the LIM domain of CLP36; This family represents the LIM domain of CLP36. CLP36 has also been named as CLIM1, Elfin, or PDLIM1. CLP36 contains a C-terminal LIM domain and an N-terminal PDZ domain. CLP36 is highly expressed in heart and is present in many other tissues including lung, liver, spleen, and blood. CLP36 has been implicated in many processes including hypoxia and regulation of actin stress fibers. CLP36 co-localizes with alpha-actinin-2 at the Z-lines in myocardium. In addition, CLP36 binds to alpha-actinin-1 and alpha-actinin-4, and associates with F-actin filaments and stress fibers. CLP36 might be involved in not only the function of sarcomeres in muscle cells, but also in actin stress fiber-mediated cellular processes, such as cell shape, migration, polarit, and cytokinesis in non-muscle cells. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETHA 297
Cdd:cd09448   1 CDKCGSGIVGVFVKIRDKPRHPECYVCTDCGTNLKQKGHFFVEDQIYCEKHA 52

The LIM domain of RIL; The LIM domain of RIL: RIL contains an N-terminal PDZ domain, a LIM domain, and a short consensus C-terminal region. It is the smallest molecule in the ALP LIM domain containing protein family. RIL was identified in rat fibroblasts and in human lymphocytes. The LIM domain interacts with the AMPA glutamate receptor in dendritic spines. The consensus C-terminus interacts with PTP-BL, a submembranous protein tyrosine phosphatase and the PDZ domain is responsible to interact with alpha-actinin molecules. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETHAR 298
Cdd:cd09451   1 CTRCGNGIVGTIVKARDKLYHPECFMCDDCGLNLKQRGYFFIDEQLYCETHAK 53

PDZ domain of synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2), synaptopodin 2-like protein (SYNPO2L), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of SYNPO2, SYNPO2L, and related domains. SYNPO2 (also known as genethonin-2, myopodin) is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein. It participates in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), a mechanism for the disposal of misfolded and damaged proteins and provides a link between the CASA chaperone complex and a membrane-tethering and fusion machinery that generates autophagosome membranes. The SYNPO2 PPxY motif binds CASA cochaperone BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) and the SYNPO2 PDZ domain binds vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (VPS18). There are three isoforms of SYNPO2, which possess an amino-terminal PDZ domain (SYNPO2a, b, c); the short isoform SYNPO2d, lacks the PDZ domain. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This SYNPO2-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997    5 VVLPGPAPWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKI 80
Cdd:cd10820   2 VTLTGGAPWGFRLQGGSEQKKPLQVAKIRKKSKAALAGLCEGDELLSINGKPCADLSHSEAMDLIDSSGDTLQLLI 77

The LIM domain of Mystique, a subfamily of ALP LIM domain proteins; The LIM domain of Mystique, a subfamily of ALP LIM domain proteins: Mystique is the most recently identified member of the ALP protein family. It also interacts with alpha-actinin, as other ALP proteins do. Mystique promotes cell attachment and migration and suppresses anchorage-independent growth. The LIM domain of Mystique is required for the suppression function. Moreover, Mystique functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase acting on STAT proteins to cause their proteosome mediated degradation. As in all LIM domains, this domain is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARD-KYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETHA 297
Cdd:cd09449   1 CEKCGTSIVTQAVRIQEgRYRHPGCYTCTDCGLNLKMRGHFWAGEKMFCEKHA 53

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7948997    246 CDKCGSGIVGA-VVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNRPIYDReLVRALGKVWHPECFRCAVCGKPLTTGDFYEKDGKLYCKHD 52

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997     246 CDKCGSGIVGA--VVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:smart00132   2 CAGCGKPIYGTerVLRALGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYCKDC 54

The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYC 293
Cdd:cd09327   1 CYKCGKKCKGEVLRVQDKYFHIKCFTCKVCGCDLAQGGFFVKEGEYYC 48

The first LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein; The first LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein: The members of this family contain three tandem repeats of LIM domains and a Rho-type GTPase activating protein (RhoGap) domain. Lrg1p is a Rho1 GTPase-activating protein required for efficient cell fusion in yeast. Lrg1p-GAP domain strongly and specifically stimulates the GTPase activity of Rho1p, a regulator of beta (1-3)-glucan synthase in vitro. The LIM domain is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKgYFFVEGE------LYCET 295
Cdd:cd09391   1 CAKCGKPITGQFVRALGDVYHLDCFTCHDCGKPVASK-FFPVDDPdtseqvPLCET 55

ZASP-like motif; Short motif (26 amino acids) present in an alpha-actinin-binding protein, ZASP, and similar molecules.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997     137 QVVSASYNSPIGLYSTSNIQDALHGQ 162
Cdd:smart00735   1 RVVHKQYNSPIGLYSSENIAETLQGQ 26

The first LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family; The first LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family: This family consists of paxillin, leupaxin, Hic-5 (ARA55), and other related proteins. There are four LIM domains in the C-terminal of the proteins and leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminal region. Members of this family are adaptor proteins to recruit key components of signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival. Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. It associates with focal adhesion kinases PYK2 and pp125FAK and identified to be a component of the osteoclast pososomal signaling complex. Hic-5 controls cell proliferation, migration and senescence by functioning as coactivator for steroid receptors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCET 295
Cdd:cd09336   1 CAACNKPIVGQVVTALGKTWHPEHFVCVHCQTELGTSNFFERDGKPYCEK 50

The first LIM domain of Ajuba-like proteins; The first LIM domain of Ajuba-like proteins: Ajuba like LIM protein family includes three highly homologous proteins Ajuba, Limd1, and WTIP. Members of the family contain three tandem C-terminal LIM domains and a proline-rich N-terminal region. This family of proteins functions as scaffolds, participating in the assembly of numerous protein complexes. In the cytoplasm, Ajuba binds Grb2 to modulate serum-stimulated ERK activation. Ajuba also recruits the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to p62 and activates PKCKappa activity. Ajuba interacts with alpha-catenin and F-actin to contribute to the formation or stabilization of adheren junctions by linking adhesive receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Although Ajuba is a cytoplasmic protein, it can shuttle into the nucleus. In nucleus, Ajuba functions as a corepressor for the zinc finger-protein Snail. It binds to the SNAG repression domain of Snail through its LIM region. Arginine methyltransferase-5 (Prmt5), a protein in the complex, is recruited to Snai l through an interaction with Ajuba. This ternary complex functions to repress E-cadherin, a Snail target gene. In addition, Ajuba contains functional nuclear-receptor interacting motifs and selectively interacts with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and rexinoid receptor (RXRs) to negatively regulate retinoic acid signaling. Wtip, the Wt1-interacting protein, was originally identified as an interaction partner of the Wilms tumour protein 1 (WT1). Wtip is involved in kidney and neural crest development. Wtip interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 and inhibits canonical Wnt signaling. LIMD1 was reported to inhibit cell growth and metastases. The inhibition may be mediated through an interaction with the protein barrier-to-autointegration (BAF), a component of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein; or through the interaction with retinoblastoma protein (pRB), resulting in inhibition of E2F-mediated transcription, and expression of the majority of genes with E2F1- responsive elements. Recently, Limd1 was shown to interact with the p62/sequestosome protein and influence IL-1 and RANKL signaling by facilitating the assembly of a p62/TRAF6/a-PKC multi-protein complex. The Limd1-p62 interaction affects both NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity in epithelial cells and osteoclasts. Moreover, LIMD1 functions as tumor repressor to block lung tumor cell line in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies revealed that LIM proteins Wtip, LIMD1 and Ajuba interact with components of RNA induced silencing complexes (RISC) as well as eIF4E and the mRNA m7GTP cap-protein complex and are required for microRNA-mediated gene silencing. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGA--VVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCE 294
Cdd:cd09352   1 CVKCGKGVYGAsqACQAMGNLYHTNCFTCCSCGRTLRGKAFYNVNGKVYCE 51

PDZ domain 2 of glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and GRIP2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) binding proteins GRIP1 (ABP/GRIP2) and GRIP2, and related domains. GRIP1 and GRIP2 each have 7 PDZ domains. The interaction of GRIP1 and GRIP2 with GluA2/3 (AMPAR subunit) regulates AMPAR trafficking and synaptic targeting. GRIP1 has an essential role in regulating AMPAR trafficking during synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. GRIP1 and GRIP2 interact with a variety of other proteins associated with protein trafficking and internalization, for example GRIP1 also interacts with KIF5 (also known as kinesin 1), EphB receptors, scaffold protein liprin-alpha, and the rasGEF GRASP-1. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This GRIP family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7948997   14 GFRLSGGIDFN----QPLVITRITPGSKAA-AANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKI 80
Cdd:cd06681  15 GFVIRGGAHEDrnksRPLTVTHVRPGGPADrEGTIKPGDRLLSVDGISLHGATHAEAMSILKQCGQEATLLI 86

The third LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family; The third LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family: This family consists of paxillin, leupaxin, Hic-5 (ARA55), and other related proteins. There are four LIM domains in the C-terminal of the proteins and leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminal region. Members of this family are adaptor proteins to recruit key components of signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival. Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. It associates with focal adhesion kinases PYK2 and pp125FAK and identified to be a component of the osteoclast pososomal signaling complex. Hic-5 controls cell proliferation, migration and senescence by functioning as coactivator for steroid receptors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:cd09338   1 CGGCNKPILENYISALNTQWHPECFVCRECHKPFINGSFFEHEGLPYCETH 51

The second LIM domain of Enigma; The second LIM domain of Enigma: Enigma was initially characterized in humans as a protein containing three LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PDZ domain at N-terminus. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. Enigma is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone and brain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCE 294
Cdd:cd09456   1 CAKCKKKITGEIMHALKMTWHVHCFTCAACKTPIRNRAFYMEEGAPYCE 49

The first LIM domain of Testin-like family; The first LIM domain of Testin_like family: This family includes testin, prickle, dyxin and LIMPETin. Structurally, testin and prickle proteins contain three LIM domains at C-terminal; LIMPETin has six LIM domains; and dyxin presents only two LIM domains. However, all members of the family contain a PET protein-protein interaction domain. Testin is a cytoskeleton associated focal adhesion protein that localizes along actin stress fibers, at cell-cell-contact areas, and at focal adhesion plaques. Testin interacts with a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, including zyxin, mena, VASP, talin, and actin and it is involved in cell motility and adhesion events. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). Dyxin involves in lung and heart development by interaction with GATA6 and blocking GATA6 activated target genes. LIMPETin might be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and four and half LIM proteins and its function is not well understood. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVG---AVVKAR---DKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:cd09340   1 CEKCKEPINPgevAVFAERageDACWHPGCFVCETCNELLVDLIYFYHDGKIYCGRH 57

PDZ domain of Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 and Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (RapGEF2, also named RA-GEF-1, PDZ-GEF1, CNrasGEF and nRapGEP) and Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 (RapGEF6, also named RA-GEF-2 and PDZ-GEF2). RapGEF2 and RapGEF6 constitute a subfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for RAP small GTPases that is characterized by the possession of the PDZ and Ras/Rap-associating domains. They activate Rap small GTPases, by catalyzing the release of GDP from the inactive GDP-bound forms, thereby accelerating GTP loading to yield the active GTP-bound forms. The PDZ domain of RapGEF6 (also known as PDZ-GEF2) binds junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RapGEF2 and RapGEF6 family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7948997   11 APWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYqLCL 78
Cdd:cd06755  12 SPLHFSLLGGSEKGFGIFVSKVEKGSKAAEAGLKRGDQILEVNGQNFENITLKKALEILRNNTH-LSI 78

PDZ domain 2 of the canonical isoform 1 of PDZ domain containing 7 (PDZD7), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of the long isoform 1 of PDZD7, and related domains. PDZD7 is critical for the organization of Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) complex. Usher syndrome is the leading cause of hereditary sensory deaf-blindness in humans; USH2 is the most common sub-type. Formation of the USH2 complex is based upon heterodimerization between PDZD7 and whirlin (another PDZ domain-containing protein) and a subsequent dynamic interplay between USH2 proteins via their multiple PDZ domains. The PDZD7 PDZ2 domain binds GPR98 (also known as VLGR1) and usherin (USH2A). PDZD7 and whirlin form heterodimers through their multiple PDZ domains; whirlin and PDZD7 interact with usherin and GPR98 to form an interdependent ankle link complex. PDZD7 also interacts with myosin VIIa. PDZD7 also forms homodimers through its PDZ2 domain. Various isoforms of PDZD7 produced by alternative splicing have been identified; this subgroup includes the second PDZ domain of the canonical isoform of PDZD7- isoform 1. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDZD7-like family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7948997   13 WGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASyQLCLKI 80
Cdd:cd10834  15 LGFNIRGGSEYGLGIYVSKVDPGGLAEQNGIKVGDQILAVNGVSFEDITHSKAVEVLKSQT-HLMLTI 81

PDZ domain 4 of human Ligand of Numb protein X 1 (LNX1) and LNX2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 4 of LNX1 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 2, PDZRN2)and LNX2 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 1, PDZRN1), and related domains. LNX1 and LNX2 are Ring (Really Interesting New Gene) finger and PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that bind to the cell fate determinant protein NUMB and mediate its ubiquitination. LNX1 can ubiquitinate a number of other ligands including PPFIA1, KLHL11, KIF7 and ERC2. LNX1 and LNX2 each have four PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This LNX family PDZ4 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997   10 PAPWGFRLSGGIDF---NQPLVITRITPGSKAA-AANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKA 71
Cdd:cd06680  10 SGSLGFSIVGGYEEshgNQPFFVKSIVPGTPAYnDGRLKCGDIILAVNGVSTVGMSHAALVPLLKE 75

PDZ domains of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family (NHERF1-4), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family of multi-PDZ-domain-containing scaffolding proteins (NHERF1-4), and related domains. The NHERF family includes NHERF1 (also known as EBP50), NHERF2 (also known as E3KARP; TKA-1; SIP-1), NHERF3 (also known as CAP70; CLAMP; Napi-Cap-1; PDZD1) and NHERF4 (also known as IKEPP; PDZK2; Napi-Cap-2). NHERF1 and NHERF2 have tandem PDZ domains (PDZ1-2); NHERF3 and NHERF4 have four PDZ domains (PDZ1-4). NHERFs are involved in the regulation of multiple receptors or transporters, such as type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a), purinergic P2Y1 receptor P2Y1R, the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR), the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). NHERF-PDZ1 domain interaction partners include Npt2a, purinergic P2Y1 receptor, beta2-AR, CFTR, PTHR, NH3, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6A), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), B1 subunit of the H+ATPase, cholesterol, receptor for activated C-kinase RACK1, aquaporin 9, among others. The NHERF PDZ2 domain interacts with fewer proteins: NHERF1 PDZ2 binds Npt2a, PTHR, beta-catenin, aquaporin 9, and RACK1; NHERF2 PDZ2 binds LPA2, P2Y1R, and NHE3, cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II (cGKII). NHERF4 PDZ1 and PDZ4 bind the epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. NHERF2/NHERF3 heterodimerization is mediated by PDZ domains of NHERF2 and the C-terminal PDZ domain recognition motif of NHERF3. NHERF4 regulates several transporters mediating influx of xenobiotics and nutrients in the small intestine. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This NHERF-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7948997   28 VITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCL 78
Cdd:cd06768  26 FIREVDPGSPAERAGLKDGDRLVEVNGENVEGESHEQVVEKIKASGNQVTL 76

The first LIM domain of Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6); The first LIM domain of Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6): TRIP6 is a member of the zyxin LIM protein family and contains three LIM zinc-binding domains at the C-terminal. TRIP6 protein localizes to focal adhesion sites and along actin stress fibers. Recruitment of this protein to the plasma membrane occurs in a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-dependent manner. TRIP6 recruits a number of molecules involved in actin assembly, cell motility, survival and transcriptional control. The function of TRIP6 in cell motility is regulated by Src-dependent phosphorylation at a Tyr residue. The phosphorylation activates the coupling to the Crk SH2 domain, which is required for the function of TRIP6 in promoting lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced cell migration. TRIP6 can shuttle to the nucleus to serve as a coactivator of AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcriptional factors. Moreover, TRIP6 can form a ternary complex with the NHERF2 PDZ protein and LPA2 receptor to regulate LPA-induced activation of ERK and AKT, rendering cells resistant to chemotherapy. Recent evidence shows that TRIP6 antagonizes Fas-Induced apoptosis by enhancing the antiapoptotic effect of LPA in cells. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVG--AVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCE 294
Cdd:cd09350   1 CGRCGENVVGegTGCTAMDQVFHVDCFTCMTCNGKLRGQPFYAVEKKAYCE 51

The LIM domain of LIM and transglutaminase domains protein (Ltd-1); The LIM domain of LIM and transglutaminase domains protein (Ltd-1): This family includes mouse Ky protein and Caenorhabditis elegans Ltd-1 protein. The members of this family consists a N-terminal Lim domain and a C-terminal transglutaminase domain. The mouse Ky protein has putative function in muscle development. The mouse with ky mutant exhibits combined posterior and lateral curvature of the spine. The Ltd-1 gene in C. elegans is expressed in developing hypodermal cells from the twofold stage embryo through adulthood. These data define the ltd-1 gene as a novel marker for C. elegans epithelial cell development. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGI--VGAVVKARDKYrHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFV--EGELYCETHA 297
Cdd:cd09443   1 CPRCGKTAypAESVDKDGTFY-HKGCFKCRECGTRLSLKTFTFVqgDGEVYCARHV 55

The second LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family; The second LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family: This family consists of paxillin, leupaxin, Hic-5 (ARA55), and other related proteins. There are four LIM domains in the C-terminal of the proteins and leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminal region. Members of this family are adaptor proteins to recruit key components of signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival. Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. It associates with focal adhesion kinases PYK2 and pp125FAK and identified to be a component of the osteoclast pososomal signaling complex. Hic-5 controls cell proliferation, migration and senescence by functioning as coactivator for steroid receptors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCET 295
Cdd:cd09337   1 CAYCNGPILDKCVTALDKTWHPEHFFCAQCGKPFGDEGFHEKDGKPYCRE 50

The second LIM domain of the Enigma Homolog (ENH) family; The second LIM domain of the Enigma Homolog (ENH) family: ENH was initially identified in rat brain. Same as enigma, it contains three LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PDZ domain at N-terminus. ENH is implicated in signal transduction processes involving protein kinases. It has also been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ENH is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCET 295
Cdd:cd09457   1 CGRCQRKILGEVINALKQTWHVSCFVCVACHNPIRNNVFHLEDGEPYCET 50

PDZ domain of protein Lin-7 and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of Lin-7 (also known as LIN-7 or LIN7), and related domains. Lin-7 targets and organize protein complexes to epithelial and synaptic plasma membranes. There are three mammalian Lin-7 homologs: Lin-7A (protein lin-7 homolog A, also known as mammalian lin-seven protein 1 (MALS-1), vertebrate lin-7 homolog 1 (Veli-1), tax interaction protein 33); Lin-7B (also known as MALS-2, Veli-2); and Lin-7C (also known as MALS-3, Veli-3). Lin-7 is involved in localization of the Let-23 growth factor receptor to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, in tight junction localization of insulin receptor substrate p53 (IRSp53), in retaining gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) transporter (BGT-1) at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, and in regulating recruitment of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic density (PSD). The Lin7 PDZ domain binds Let-23, BGT and beta-catenin, and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor NR2B. Lin-7 also binds to the PDZ binding motif located in the C-terminal tail of Rhotekin, an effector protein for small GTPase Rho. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Lin-7-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7948997    2 PQNVVLP-GPAPWGFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKA-AAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAA 72
Cdd:cd06796   2 PRVVELPkTEEGLGFNVMGGKEQNSPIYISRIIPGGVAdRHGGLKRGDQLLSVNGVSVEGEHHEKAVELLKAA 74

PDZ domain 4 of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1 (MAGI-1), MAGI-2, and MAGI-3, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 4 of MAGI1, 2, 3 (MAGI is also known as Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein) and related domains. MAGI proteins have been implicated in the control of cell migration and invasion through altering the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and modulating Akt signaling. Four MAGI proteins have been identified (MAGI1-3 and MAGIX). MAGI1-3 have 6 PDZ domains and bind to the C-terminus of PTEN via their PDZ2 domain. MAGIX has a single PDZ domain that is related to MAGI1-3 PDZ domain 5. Other binding partners for MAGI1 include JAM4, C-terminal tail of high risk HPV-18 E6, megalin, TRAF6, Kir4.1 (basolateral K+ channel subunit), and cadherin 23; for MAGI2, include DASM1, dendrin, axin, beta- and delta-catenin, neuroligin, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, beta1-adrenergic receptors, NMDA receptor, and TARPs; and for MAGI3 includes LPA2. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MAGI family PDZ4 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2); arranged as beta-strands A, -B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997   26 PLVITRITPGSKAA-AANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKI 80
Cdd:cd06734  27 GSKIGRIIPGSPADrCGQLKVGDRILAVNGISILNLSHGDIVNLIKDSGLSVTLTI 82

C-terminal processing protease CtpA/Prc, contains a PDZ domain [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 7948997   20 GIDFNQP---LVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIK 70
Cdd:COG0793  63 GAELGEEdgkVVVVSVIPGSPAEKAGIKPGDIILAIDGKSVAGLTLDDAVKLLR 116

PDZ domain of syntrophins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of syntrophins (including alpha-1-syntrophin, beta-1-syntrophin, beta-2-syntrophin, gamma-1-syntrophin, and gamma-2-syntrophin), and related domains. Syntrophins play a role in recruiting various signaling molecules into signaling complexes and help provide appropriate spatiotemporal regulation of signaling pathways. They function in cytoskeletal organization and maintenance; as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), they help maintain structural integrity of skeletal muscle fibers. They link voltage-gated sodium channels to the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, and control the localization and activity of the actin reorganizing proteins such as PI3K, PI(3,4)P2 and TAPP1. Through association with various cytoskeletal proteins within the cells, they are involved in processes such as regulation of focal adhesions, myogenesis, calcium homeostasis, and cell migration. They also have roles in synapse formation and in the organization of utrophin, acetylcholine receptor, and acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular synapse. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This syntrophin-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7948997   14 GFRLSGGIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAAN-LCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAA 72
Cdd:cd06801  14 GISIKGGAEHKMPILISKIFKGQAADQTGqLFVGDAILSVNGENLEDATHDEAVQALKNA 73

Predicted metalloprotease, contains C-terminal PDZ domain [General function prediction only];

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7948997    8 PGPAPW-GFRLSGGidfNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFgteSMTHADAQDRIKAA 72
Cdd:COG3975 479 PSLKPSlGLRVSAD---GGGLVVTSVLWGSPAYKAGLSAGDELLAIDGL---RVTADNLDDALAAY 538

The first LIM domain of Prickle; The first LIM domain of Prickle: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Four forms of prickles have been identified: prickle 1-4. The best characterized is prickle 1 and prickle 2 which are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. Mutations in prickle 1 have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVG---AVVKARDKYR---HPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:cd09415   1 CEQCGEQISGgdiAVFASRAGPGacwHPACFVCSTCKELLVDLIYFYQDGKVYCGRH 57

The second LIM domain of Enigma-like family; The second LIM domain of Enigma-like family: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. Enigma was initially characterized in humans and is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone and brain. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. The second member, ENH protein, was first identified in rat brain. It has been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSGIVGAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCET 295
Cdd:cd09362   1 CARCHKKILGEVMHALKQTWHVSCFVCAACKQPIGNSLFHMEDGEPYCEK 50

The LIM domain of LIM and SH3 Protein (LASP); The LIM domain of LIM and SH3 Protein (LASP): LASP family contains two highly homologous members, LASP-1 and LASP-2. LASP contains a LIM motif at its amino terminus, a src homology 3 (SH3) domains at its C-terminal part, and a nebulin-like region in the middle. LASP-1 and -2 are highly conserved in their LIM, nebulin-like, and SH3 domains ,but differ significantly at their linker regions. Both proteins are ubiquitously expressed and involved in cytoskeletal architecture, especially in the organization of focal adhesions. LASP-1 and LASP-2, are important during early embryo- and fetogenesis and are highly expressed in the central nervous system of the adult. However, only LASP-1 seems to participate significantly in neuronal differentiation and plays an important functional role in migration and proliferation of certain cancer cells while the role of LASP-2 is more structural. The expression of LASP-1 in breast tumors is increased significantly. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 7948997  246 CDKCGSgIVGAVVKAR--DKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKGYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:cd09447   1 CARCGK-TVYPTEKLNclDKIWHKGCFKCEVCGMTLNMKNYKGYNKKPYCNAH 52

Periplasmic serine protease, S1-C subfamily, contain C-terminal PDZ domain [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

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gi 7948997   20 GIDFNQPLVITRITPGSKAAAANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMthADAQDRIKAasyqlcLKI-DRAETRLWSpqvseDGKA 98
Cdd:COG0265 196 GLPEPEGVLVARVEPGSPAAKAGLRPGDVILAVDGKPVTSA--RDLQRLLAS------LKPgDTVTLTVLR-----GGKE 262

                        90
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gi 7948997   99 HPFKINLEAEPQ 110
Cdd:COG0265 263 LTVTVTLGERPE 274

The first LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1); The first LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1): LIMK1 belongs to the LIMK protein family, which comprises LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain, and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, and altering the rate of actin depolymerization. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. LIMK1 is expressed in all tissues and is localized to focal adhesions in the cell. LIMK1 can form homodimers upon binding of HSP90 and is activated by Rho effector Rho kinase and MAPKAPK2. LIMK1 is important for normal central nervous system development, and its deletion has been implicated in the development of the human genetic disorder Williams syndrome. Moreover, LIMK1 up-regulates the promoter activity of urokinase type plasminogen activator and induces its mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells. The LIM domains have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 7948997  234 HGGAGSAQRMPLCDKCGSGIV-GAVVKARDKYRHPECFVCADCNLNLKQKgYFFVEGELYCETH 296
Cdd:cd09462  10 RMGEEEGNVLPVCASCGQSIYdGQYLQALNSDWHADCFRCCECGASLSHW-YYEKDGRLFCKKD 72

PDZ domain 1 of human discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1), Dlg2, and Dlg4, Drosophila disc large (Dlg), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 1 of Drosophila Dlg1, human Dlg1,2, and 4 and related domains. Dlg1 (also known as synapse-associated protein Dlg197 or SAP-97), Dlg2 (also known as channel-associated protein of synapse-110, postsynaptic density protein 93, or PSD-93), Dlg4 (also known as postsynaptic density protein 95, PSD-95, synapse-associated protein 90, or SAP-90) each have 3 PDZ domains and belong to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family. Dlg1 regulates antigen receptor signaling and cell polarity in lymphocytes, B-cell proliferation and antibody production, and TGFalpha bioavailability; its PDZ3 domain binds pro-TGFalpha, and its PDZ2 domain binds the TACE metalloprotease responsible for cleaving pro-TGFalpha to a soluble form. Dlg2 is involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling. It regulates surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord, and it also interacts with NMDA receptor subunits and with Shaker-type K+ channel subunits to cluster into a channel complex. Dlg4 PDZ1 domain binds NMDA receptors, and its PDZ2 domain binds neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), forming a complex in neurons. The Drosophila Scribble complex (Scribble, Dlg, and lethal giant larvae) plays a role in apico-basal cell polarity, and in other forms of polarity, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell signaling and vesicular trafficking, and in tumor development. Postsynaptic targeting of Drosophila DLG requires interactions mediated by the first two PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Dlg-like family PDZ1 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 7948997    9 GPAPWGFRLSGGIDfnQPLV-------ITRITPGSKAAA-ANLCPGDVILAIDGFGTESMTHADAQDRIKAASYQLCLKI 80
Cdd:cd06723   9 GNSGLGFSIAGGTD--NPHIgddpsiyITKIIPGGAAAAdGRLRVNDIILRVNDVDVRNVTHSVAVEALKEAGSIVRLYV 86

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gi 7948997   81 DR 82
Cdd:cd06723  87 KR 88