Tudor domain found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF1) and similar proteins; PHF1, also called Polycomb-like protein 1 (PCL1), together with JARID2 and AEBP2, associates with the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis, through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF1 is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It acts as a dual reader of lysine trimethylation at lysine 36 of histone H3 and lysine 27 of histone variant H3t. Moreover, PHF1 is required for efficient H3-K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and Hox gene silencing. It can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response. PHF1 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD domains, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. Its Tudor domain selectively binds to histone H3K36me3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  30 RLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAA 82
Cdd:cd20449     1 RLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAA 53

Tudor domain found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF1) and similar proteins; PHF1, also called Polycomb-like protein 1 (PCL1), together with JARID2 and AEBP2, associates with the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis, through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF1 is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It acts as a dual reader of lysine trimethylation at lysine 36 of histone H3 and lysine 27 of histone variant H3t. Moreover, PHF1 is required for efficient H3-K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and Hox gene silencing. It can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response. PHF1 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD domains, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. Its Tudor domain selectively binds to histone H3K36me3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  30 RLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAA 82
Cdd:cd20449     1 RLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAA 53

Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A Tudor domain; This is the tudor domain found in histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A). Structure and function analysis indicate that this domain can recognize equally well two unrelated histone peptides, H3K4me3 and H4K20me3, by means of two very different binding mechanisms. JMJD2 also known as KDM4, is a conserved iron (II)-dependent jumonji-domain demethylase subfamily that is essential during development. Vertebrate KDM4A-C proteins contain a conserved double tudor domain (DTD).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317  34 GQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSArEVCLVQFEDDS 69
Cdd:pfam18104   1 GQDVIARWTDGRYYLGKFIGIHTQ-TFYEVEFEDGS 35

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSETvvPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGEGEGtSWVCRQCVFA 142
Cdd:pfam00628   2 CAVCGKSD--DGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIPSG-EWLCPECKPK 51

PHD zinc finger-containing protein [General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1677530317  59 EVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLW---KDISPAAlPGEEL--LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGEgt 132
Cdd:COG5141   161 EIIVTRLEKEWFFFEHGlpdKHVEPIE-PSDEFddICTKCTSTHNENSNAIVFCDGCEICVHQSCYgIQFLP---EGF-- 234

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1677530317 133 sWVCRQCVFA 142
Cdd:COG5141   235 -WLCRKCIYG 243

PHD finger 2 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The PCL family includes PHD finger protein1 (PHF1) and its homologs metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are accessory components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. PCL proteins specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD finger of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1677530317 188 YCYCGGPGEWNLKMLQCRSCLQWFHEACTQCLSKPLLYGDRFYEFECCVCRG 239
Cdd:cd15503     1 YCYCGGPGEWNLKMLQCCKCRQWFHEACLQCLKKPLLYGDRFYNFCCSVCNN 52

Tudor domain found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins; The PCL family includes PHD finger protein1 (PHF1) and its homologs, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are accessory components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex. Members contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD domains, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. PCL proteins specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD domain-containing proteins, the first PHD domains of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the binding of the Tudor domain to histones.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  30 RLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAA 82
Cdd:cd20385     1 KFAEGQDVLARWTDGLFYLGTIKKVDSAKEKCLVIFEDDSTFWVLFKDIHKVP 53

PHD finger 2 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or Polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1677530317 188 YCYCGGPGEWNLKMLQCRSCLQWFHEACTQCLSKPLLYGDRFYEFECCVC 237
Cdd:cd15580     1 YCYCGGPGDWYLKMLQCCKCKQWFHEACVQCLEKPMLFGDRFYTFICSVC 50

Tudor domain found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF19) and similar proteins; PHF19, also called Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD domains, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317  31 LWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISPAALPGE 86
Cdd:cd20451     2 LTEGQYVLCRWTDGLYYLGKIKRVSSSKQSCLVTFEDNSKYWVLWKDIQHAGVPGE 57

Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A Tudor domain; This is the tudor domain found in histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A). Structure and function analysis indicate that this domain can recognize equally well two unrelated histone peptides, H3K4me3 and H4K20me3, by means of two very different binding mechanisms. JMJD2 also known as KDM4, is a conserved iron (II)-dependent jumonji-domain demethylase subfamily that is essential during development. Vertebrate KDM4A-C proteins contain a conserved double tudor domain (DTD).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317  34 GQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSArEVCLVQFEDDS 69
Cdd:pfam18104   1 GQDVIARWTDGRYYLGKFIGIHTQ-TFYEVEFEDGS 35

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRA-PAPGEGEGtSWVCRQCVF 141
Cdd:cd15499     2 CSICGGAEARDGNEILICDKCDKGYHQLCHSPKVrTSPLEGDE-KWFCSRCVF 53

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19); PHF19, also termed Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGEGEGTSWVCRQCVF 141
Cdd:cd15579     2 CNVCLGKSSGPLNEILICGKCGLGYHQQCHIPVVDSSDDPPLTPWFCRRCIF 53

Tudor domain; Domain of unknown function present in several RNA-binding proteins. 10 copies in the Drosophila Tudor protein. Initial proposal that the survival motor neuron gene product contain a Tudor domain are corroborated by more recent database search techniques such as PSI-BLAST (unpublished).

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317   29 PRLWEGQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAREvCLVQFEDD-SQFLVLWKDISP 80
Cdd:smart00333   1 PTFKVGDKVAARWEDGEWYRARIVKVDGEQL-YEVFFIDYgNEEVVPPSDLRQ 52

PHD finger found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe SWM histone demethylase complex subunits Phf1 (Phf1p) and Phf2 (Phf2p); Phf1p and Phf2p are components of the SWM histone demethylase complex that specifically demethylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. They function as corepressors and play roles in regulating heterochromatin propagation and euchromatic transcription. Both Phf1p and Phf2p contain a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPR-APAPGEGEGTSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15502     1 VCIVCQRGHSPKSNRIVFCDGCNTPYHQLCHDPSiDDEVVEDPDAEWFCKKC 52

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGegtSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15492     1 VCDVCLDGESEDDNEIVFCDGCNVAVHQSCYgIPLIP---EG---DWFCRKC 46

Tudor domain found in tumor suppressor TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and similar proteins; 53BP1, also called p53-binding protein 1 (p53BP1), is a double-strand break (DSB) repair protein involved in response to DNA damage, telomere dynamics, and class-switch recombination (CSR) during antibody genesis. It plays a key role in the repair of DSBs in response to DNA damage by promoting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair of DSBs and specifically counteracting the function of the homologous recombination (HR) repair protein BRCA1. It is recruited to DSB sites by recognizing and binding histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-15' (H2AK15Ub) and histone H4 dimethylated at 'Lys-20' (H4K20me2), two histone marks that are present at DSB sites. 53BP1 contains one Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317  34 GQDVLARW-TDGLLYLGTIKKVDsAREVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDI 78
Cdd:cd20383     2 GTRVFAKWsSDGYYYPGIITRVL-GDGKYKVLFDDGYERDVKGKDI 46

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1677530317 189 CYCGGPGEWNLKMLQCRSCLQWFHeacTQCLSKPLLYGDRFYEFECCVC 237
Cdd:cd15489     3 IVCGKGGDLGGELLQCDGCGKWFH---ADCLGPPLSSFVPNGKWICPVC 48

Domain of unknown function (DUF4537); The function of this domain family is unknown. It is found in eukaryotes, and is typically between 119 and 141 amino acids in length. In humans, it is found in the chromosomal position C11orf16.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1677530317  34 GQDVLARW-TDGLLYLGTIKKVDSAReVCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDIspaaLPGEELLCCVCR 94
Cdd:pfam15057   1 GQRVLARWdEDGFYYRGTVKKYLNGG-QYLVEFDAGDRQVVLTRDI----IALEDAMEHPLR 57

PHD finger found in protein Jade-3 and similar proteins; Jade-3, also termed PHD finger protein 16 (PHF16), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-3 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-3 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD domain followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) domain, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGegtSWVCRQCVFAI 143
Cdd:cd15681     1 ICDVCRSPDSEEGNDMVFCDKCNICVHQACYgILKVP---EG---SWLCRTCVLGI 50

PHD finger 2 found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) and 2B (KMT2B); This family includes histone-lysine N-methyltransferase trithorax (Trx) like proteins, KMT2A (MLL1) and KMT2B (MLL2), which comprise the mammalian Trx branch of the COMPASS family, and are both essential for mammalian embryonic development. KMT2A regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), and is frequently rearranged in acute leukemia. KMT2A functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL1 complex. KMT2B is a second human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 19 and functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL2 complex. It plays a critical role in memory formation through mediating hippocampal H3K4 di- and trimethylation. It is also required for RNA polymerase II association and protection from DNA methylation at the MagohB CpG island promoter. Both KMT2A and KMT2B contain a CxxC (x for any residue) zinc finger domain, three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, an extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains, and a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1677530317 104 LVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGEGEGTSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15507    15 LLECEKCQRGYHVDCLGPSYPTKPTRKKKTWICSKC 50

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSetvvpGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGEGEgtsWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15541     2 CAVCQN-----GGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFPSGE---WSCSLC 43

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; BRPF2, also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-like protein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGEgtsWVCRQCV 140
Cdd:cd15677     3 VCCICMDGECQNSNVILFCDMCNLAVHQECYgVPYIP---EGQ---WLCRHCL 49

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; BRPF1, also termed peregrin or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)-dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1677530317  82 ALPGEELLCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGEgtsWVCRQCV 140
Cdd:cd15676     2 ALIDEDAVCCICNDGECQNSNVILFCDMCNLAVHQECYgVPYIP---EGQ---WLCRRCL 55

PHD finger found in putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR7; UBR7, also termed N-recognin-7, is a UBR box-containing protein that belongs to the E3 ubiquitin ligase family that recognizes N-degrons or structurally related molecules for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis or related processes through the UBR box motif. In addition to the UBR box, UBR7 also harbors a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. The biochemical properties of UBR7 remain unclear.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1677530317 188 YCYCGGP-----GEWNLKMLQCRSCLQWFHEACTQcLSKPLLYGDRFYEFECCVC 237
Cdd:cd15542     1 YCTCDRPypdpeDEVEDEMIQCVLCEDWFHGRHLG-LTPPEPDPDEFDEMICSGC 54

PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of the cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation, and as a transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

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gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPapgEGegtSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15679     1 VCDVCQSPDGEDGNEMVFCDKCNICVHQACYgILKVP---EG---SWLCRTC 46

Tudor domain found in PHD finger protein 20 (PHF20), PHF20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1), and similar proteins; PHF20, also called Glioma-expressed antigen 2, hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 58, novel zinc finger protein, or transcription factor TZP (referring to Tudor and zinc finger domain containing protein), is a regulator of NF-kappaB activation by disrupting recruitment of PP2A to p65. It also functions as a transcription factor that binds to Akt and plays a role in Akt cell survival/growth signaling. Moreover, it transcriptionally regulates p53. The phosphorylation of PHF20 on Ser291 mediated by protein kinase B (PKB) is essential in tumorigenesis via the regulation of p53-mediated signaling. PHF20L1 is an active malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain-containing protein that binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNA (cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. Both PHF20 and PHF20L1 contain an N-terminal malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain, a Tudor domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and putative DNA-binding domains AT hook and C2H2-type zinc finger. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

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gi 1677530317  34 GQDVLARWTDGLLYLGTIKKV---DSarevCLVQFEDDSQFLVLWKDISP 80
Cdd:cd20386     4 GEEVLARWSDCKFYPAKILKVldnGT----YEVLFYDGFKKTVKASNLKK 49

PHD finger found in the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components; The Sp100/Sp140 family includes nuclear body proteins SP100, SP140, and similar proteins. Sp110, also termed interferon-induced protein 41/75, or speckled 110 kDa, or transcriptional coactivator Sp110, is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. Sp110 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. Sp110 contains a Sp100-like domain, a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD). SP140, also termed lymphoid-restricted homolog of Sp100 (LYSp100), or nuclear autoantigen Sp-140, or speckled 140 kDa, is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus's viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Sp140 contains a nuclear localization signal, a dimerization domain (HSR or CARD domain), a SAND domain, a PHD finger, and a BRD.

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gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSEtvvpgNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPrapaPGEGEGTSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15626     2 CEVCGQE-----GKLFCCCTCSRVFHEDCHIP----PVEAQRSPWSCTFC 42

PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

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gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCH-VPRAPApgegegTSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15680     1 VCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYgILKVPT------GSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in proteins Jade-1, Jade-2, Jade-3, and similar proteins; This family includes proteins Jade-1 (PHF17), Jade-2 (PHF15), and Jade-3 (PHF16), each of which is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. This family also contains Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO). It is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. All Jade proteins contain a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

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gi 1677530317  89 LCCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGegegtSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15573     1 VCDVCRSPDSEEGNEMVFCDKCNICVHQACYGIQKIPEG-----SWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX1, ATX2, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX1 and ATX2, both of which are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication. They are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1, also termed protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1 (TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2, also termed protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2 (TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). Both ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

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gi 1677530317  90 CCVCRSETVVPGNRLVSCEKCRHAYHQDCHVPRAPAPGEgegtSWVCRQC 139
Cdd:cd15494     2 CSVCGEDEEYEDNLLLQCDKCRMMVHMRCYGVLEPPPGA----LWLCNLC 47