Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal-like, alpha helical domain of Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 2; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein (AIMP) 2 subfamily; AIMPs are non-enzymatic cofactors that play critical roles in the assembly and formation of a macromolecular multi-tRNA synthetase protein complex that functions as a molecular hub to coordinate protein synthesis. There are three AIMPs, named AIMP1-3, which play diverse regulatory roles. AIMP2, also called p38 or JTV-1, contains a C-terminal domain with similarity to the C-terminal alpha helical domain of GSTs. It plays an important role in the control of cell fate via antiproliferative (by enhancing the TGF-beta signal) and proapoptotic (activation of p53 and TNF-alpha) activities. Its roles in the control of cell proliferation and death suggest that it is a potent tumor suppressor. AIMP2 heterozygous mice with lower than normal expression of AIMP2 show high susceptibility to tumorigenesis. AIMP2 is also a substrate of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its substrates. Mutations in the Parkin gene is found in 50% of patients with autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism. The accumulation of AIMP2, due to impaired Parkin function, may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 170 ARFLFSLFG-QKHNAVNATLIDSWVDIAIFQLKEGSSKEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQIGGCS 248
Cdd:cd03200     1 ARFLFRLLGdESDDPVNATLIDSWVDTAIFQLLEGSSKEKAAVLRALNSALGRSPWLVGSEPTVADIALWSAVLQTGLAS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 1384008305 249 vTVPANVQRWMRSCENL 265
Cdd:cd03200    81 -GAPANVQRWMKSCENL 96

Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal-like, alpha helical domain of Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 2; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein (AIMP) 2 subfamily; AIMPs are non-enzymatic cofactors that play critical roles in the assembly and formation of a macromolecular multi-tRNA synthetase protein complex that functions as a molecular hub to coordinate protein synthesis. There are three AIMPs, named AIMP1-3, which play diverse regulatory roles. AIMP2, also called p38 or JTV-1, contains a C-terminal domain with similarity to the C-terminal alpha helical domain of GSTs. It plays an important role in the control of cell fate via antiproliferative (by enhancing the TGF-beta signal) and proapoptotic (activation of p53 and TNF-alpha) activities. Its roles in the control of cell proliferation and death suggest that it is a potent tumor suppressor. AIMP2 heterozygous mice with lower than normal expression of AIMP2 show high susceptibility to tumorigenesis. AIMP2 is also a substrate of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its substrates. Mutations in the Parkin gene is found in 50% of patients with autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism. The accumulation of AIMP2, due to impaired Parkin function, may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 170 ARFLFSLFG-QKHNAVNATLIDSWVDIAIFQLKEGSSKEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQIGGCS 248
Cdd:cd03200     1 ARFLFRLLGdESDDPVNATLIDSWVDTAIFQLLEGSSKEKAAVLRALNSALGRSPWLVGSEPTVADIALWSAVLQTGLAS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 1384008305 249 vTVPANVQRWMRSCENL 265
Cdd:cd03200    81 -GAPANVQRWMKSCENL 96

Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1384008305 209 AAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQ--QIGGCSVTVPANVQRWMRSCENLAPFNTAL 272
Cdd:COG0625   132 ARLLAVLEARLAGGPYLAGDRFSIADIALAPVLRrlDRLGLDLADYPNLAAWLARLAARPAFQRAL 197

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1384008305 210 AVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQI-----GGCSVTVPANVQRWMR 260
Cdd:pfam13410  11 AALDALEARLADGPGLLGDRPTLADIALAPVLARLdaaypGLDLREGYPRLRAWLE 66

Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal-like, alpha helical domain of Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 2; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein (AIMP) 2 subfamily; AIMPs are non-enzymatic cofactors that play critical roles in the assembly and formation of a macromolecular multi-tRNA synthetase protein complex that functions as a molecular hub to coordinate protein synthesis. There are three AIMPs, named AIMP1-3, which play diverse regulatory roles. AIMP2, also called p38 or JTV-1, contains a C-terminal domain with similarity to the C-terminal alpha helical domain of GSTs. It plays an important role in the control of cell fate via antiproliferative (by enhancing the TGF-beta signal) and proapoptotic (activation of p53 and TNF-alpha) activities. Its roles in the control of cell proliferation and death suggest that it is a potent tumor suppressor. AIMP2 heterozygous mice with lower than normal expression of AIMP2 show high susceptibility to tumorigenesis. AIMP2 is also a substrate of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its substrates. Mutations in the Parkin gene is found in 50% of patients with autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism. The accumulation of AIMP2, due to impaired Parkin function, may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 170 ARFLFSLFG-QKHNAVNATLIDSWVDIAIFQLKEGSSKEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQIGGCS 248
Cdd:cd03200     1 ARFLFRLLGdESDDPVNATLIDSWVDTAIFQLLEGSSKEKAAVLRALNSALGRSPWLVGSEPTVADIALWSAVLQTGLAS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 1384008305 249 vTVPANVQRWMRSCENL 265
Cdd:cd03200    81 -GAPANVQRWMKSCENL 96

Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal-like, alpha helical domain of various Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and similar domains; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AaRS)-like subfamily; This model characterizes the GST_C-like domain found in the N-terminal region of some eukaryotic AaRSs, as well as similar domains found in proteins involved in protein synthesis including Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 2 (AIMP2), AIMP3, and eukaryotic translation Elongation Factor 1 beta (eEF1b). AaRSs comprise a family of enzymes that catalyze the coupling of amino acids with their matching tRNAs. This involves the formation of an aminoacyl adenylate using ATP, followed by the transfer of the activated amino acid to the 3'-adenosine moiety of the tRNA. AaRSs may also be involved in translational and transcriptional regulation, as well as in tRNA processing. AaRSs in this subfamily include GluRS from lower eukaryotes, as well as GluProRS, MetRS, and CysRS from higher eukaryotes. AIMPs are non-enzymatic cofactors that play critical roles in the assembly and formation of a macromolecular multi-tRNA synthetase protein complex found in higher eukaryotes. The GST_C-like domain is involved in protein-protein interactions, mediating the formation of aaRS complexes such as the MetRS-Arc1p-GluRS ternary complex in lower eukaryotes and the multi-aaRS complex in higher eukaryotes, that act as molecular hubs for protein synthesis. AaRSs from prokaryotes, which are active as dimers, do not contain this GST_C-like domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 185 NATLIDSWVDIAIFQLKEgssKEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQIGGCSV----TVPANVQRWMR 260
Cdd:cd10289     1 EAAQVDQWLDLAGSLLKG---KELEALLKSLNSYLASRTFLVGYSLTLADVAVFSALYPSGQKLSdkekKKFPHVTRWFN 77

                  ....*
gi 1384008305 261 SCENL 265
Cdd:cd10289    78 HIQNL 82

Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1384008305 209 AAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQ--QIGGCSVTVPANVQRWMRSCENLAPFNTAL 272
Cdd:COG0625   132 ARLLAVLEARLAGGPYLAGDRFSIADIALAPVLRrlDRLGLDLADYPNLAAWLARLAARPAFQRAL 197

C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Delta and Epsilon Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. The class Delta and Epsilon subfamily is made up primarily of insect GSTs, which play major roles in insecticide resistance by facilitating reductive dehydrochlorination of insecticides or conjugating them with GSH to produce water-soluble metabolites that are easily excreted. They are also implicated in protection against cellular damage by oxidative stress.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1384008305 197 IFQLKEGSSKEKAAV---FRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQIGGCSV--TVPANVQRWMRSCENLAPFN 269
Cdd:cd03177    29 LFGGAEPPEEKLDKLeeaLEFLETFLEGSDYVAGDQLTIADLSLVATVSTLEVVGFdlSKYPNVAAWYERLKALPPGE 106

C-terminal, alpha helical domain of an unknown subfamily 8 of Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, unknown subfamily 8; composed of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GST and other uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. The three-dimensional structure of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GST has been determined but there is no information on its functional characterization.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 192 WVDIAIFQLKEGSSKEKA---------AVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLqqiggcsvtvpanvqRWMRSC 262
Cdd:cd03207    16 LLNKALGRFFEPPWGEPAiaaaygdldERLAALEAALAGRPYLVGERFSAADLLLASVL---------------RWARAF 80

                  ....*.
gi 1384008305 263 ENLAPF 268
Cdd:cd03207    81 GLLPEY 86

C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Ure2p and related Glutathione S-transferase-like proteins; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Ure2p-like subfamily; composed of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ure2p, YfcG and YghU from Escherichia coli, and related GST-like proteins. Ure2p is a regulator for nitrogen catabolism in yeast. It represses the expression of several gene products involved in the use of poor nitrogen sources when rich sources are available. A transmissible conformational change of Ure2p results in a prion called [Ure3], an inactive, self-propagating and infectious amyloid. Ure2p displays a GST fold containing an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain. The N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain is sufficient to induce the [Ure3] phenotype and is also called the prion domain of Ure2p. In addition to its role in nitrogen regulation, Ure2p confers protection to cells against heavy metal ion and oxidant toxicity, and shows glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity. YfcG and YghU are two of the nine GST homologs in the genome of Escherichia coli. They display very low or no GSH transferase, but show very good disulfide bond oxidoreductase activity. YghU also shows modest organic hydroperoxide reductase activity. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST active site is located in a cleft between the N- and C-terminal domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1384008305 206 KEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLW---SVLQQIGGCSVTVPANVQRW 258
Cdd:cd03178    43 DEVKRLYGVLDKRLSDRPYLAGEEYSIADIALYpwtHYADLGGFADLSEYPNVKRW 98

C-terminal, alpha helical domain of an unknown subfamily 7 of Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, unknown subfamily 7; composed of uncharacterized proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1384008305 169 IARFLFSLFGQKHNAVN-ATLIDSW-VDIAIFQLKEGSskekAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWS--VLQQI 244
Cdd:cd03206     1 VQRWLSFAAGEIAHGPAaARLIHLFgAPLDPERARAIS----HRLLRLLDQHLAGRDWLAGDRPTIADVACYPyiALAPE 76

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 1384008305 245 GGCSVTVPANVQRWMRSCENLAPF 268
Cdd:cd03206    77 GGVSLEPYPAIRAWLARVEALPGF 100

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1384008305 210 AVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQI-----GGCSVTVPANVQRWMR 260
Cdd:pfam13410  11 AALDALEARLADGPGLLGDRPTLADIALAPVLARLdaaypGLDLREGYPRLRAWLE 66

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety of targets including S-crystallin from squid, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1-gamma, the HSP26 family of stress-related proteins and auxin-regulated proteins in plants. Stringent starvation proteins in E. coli are also included in the alignment but are not known to have GST activity. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft between N and C-terminal domains. The catalytically important residues are proposed to reside in the N-terminal domain. In plants, GSTs are encoded by a large gene family (48 GST genes in Arabidopsis) and can be divided into the phi, tau, theta, zeta, and lambda classes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1384008305 199 QLKEGSSKEKAAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADV----VLWSVLQQIGGCSVTVPANVQRWMRSCENL 265
Cdd:pfam00043  22 PEVDEALEKVARVLSALEEVLKGQTYLVGDKLTLADIalapALLWLYELDPACLREKFPNLKAWFERVAAR 92

C-terminal, alpha helical domain of the Glutathione S-transferase family; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, C-terminal alpha helical domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK). Soluble GSTs bear no structural similarity to microsomal GSTs (MAPEG family) and display additional activities unique to their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis, reduction and isomerization of certain compounds. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Based on sequence similarity, different classes of GSTs have been identified, which display varying tissue distribution, substrate specificities and additional specific activities. In humans, GSTs display polymorphisms which may influence individual susceptibility to diseases such as cancer, arthritis, allergy and sclerosis. Some GST family members with non-GST functions include glutaredoxin 2, the CLIC subfamily of anion channels, prion protein Ure2p, crystallins, metaxins, stringent starvation protein A, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1384008305 209 AAVFRSMNSALGKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQI-----GGCSVTVPANVQRWMRSC 262
Cdd:cd00299    42 PALLAALEQLLAGRPYLAGDQFSLADVALAPVLARLealgpYYDLLDEYPRLKAWYDRL 100

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1384008305 220 GKSPWLAGNELTVADVVLWSVLQQI 244
Cdd:pfam14497  45 NGGGYLVGDKLTYADLALFQVLDGL 69