DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 110 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAE 189
Cdd:cd06965     1 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYKPCDLSCKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRFGRMPRVE 80

                  ....
gi 1233267520 190 KEKL 193
Cdd:cd06965    81 KEKL 84

The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, a family of ligand-activated transcription regulators; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR): Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions in metazoans, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism. The superfamily contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. The members of the family include receptors of steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids, cholesterol by-products, lipids and heme. With few exceptions, NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 209 ADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSV 246
Cdd:cd06932     1 ADLRALAKHLYVAYLKQFPLTKAKARKILTGKTTDHAP 38

DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 110 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAE 189
Cdd:cd06965     1 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYKPCDLSCKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRFGRMPRVE 80

                  ....
gi 1233267520 190 KEKL 193
Cdd:cd06965    81 KEKL 84

Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains); In nearly all cases, this is the DNA binding domain of a nuclear hormone receptor. The alignment contains two Zinc finger domains that are too dissimilar to be aligned with each other.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMS 176
Cdd:pfam00105   2 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSIQKNIVY-TCKFNkdCVIDKRNRNRCQYCRLKKCLEVGMS 68

The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR): Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response element located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes and interacts with co-activators. There are three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta (or delta), and gamma, each with a distinct tissue distribution. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge a nd a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 209 ADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSV 246
Cdd:cd06932     1 ADLRALAKHLYVAYLKQFPLTKAKARKILTGKTTDHAP 38

DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 110 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAE 189
Cdd:cd06965     1 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYKPCDLSCKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRFGRMPRVE 80

                  ....
gi 1233267520 190 KEKL 193
Cdd:cd06965    81 KEKL 84

The DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) like nuclear receptor family; The DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. These domains interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three known types of nuclear receptors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), REV-ERB receptors and Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDL--NCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIR 181
Cdd:cd07158     1 CKVCGDKASGFHYGVHSCEGCKGFFRRTIQHNLTYRRCLNggKCVIQRKNRNRCQYCRFKKCLSVGMSRNAVR 73

DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor-like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor- like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. REV-ERB receptors are transcriptional regulators belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. REV-ERB receptors bind as a monomer to a (A/G)GGTCA half-site with a 5' AT-rich extension or as a homodimer to a direct repeat 2 element (AGGTCA sequence with a 2-bp spacer), indicating functional diversity. When bound to the DNA, they recruit corepressors (NcoR/histone deacetylase 3) to the promoter, resulting in repression of the target genes. The porphyrin heme has been demonstrated to function as a ligand for REV-ERB receptor. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, REV-ERB receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 106 LMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFG 183
Cdd:cd07166     1 GMVVLCKVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRSIQQKIQYRKCTKNetCSIMRINRNRCQYCRFKKCLAVGMSRDAVRFG 80

                  ....*....
gi 1233267520 184 RMPQAEKEK 192
Cdd:cd07166    81 RIPKREKAR 89

DNA-binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of proteins similar to Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. E78 interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRC--DLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQA 188
Cdd:cd07165     1 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVTSCEGCKGFFRRSIQKQIEY-RClrDGKCEIIRLNRNRCQYCRFKKCLAAGMSKDSVRYGRIPNR 79

                  ..
gi 1233267520 189 EK 190
Cdd:cd07165    80 QR 81

DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TR interacts with the thyroid response element, which is a DNA site with direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pairs, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the actions of thyroid hormones, which play critical roles in growth, development, and homeostasis in mammals. They regulate overall metabolic rate, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart rate, and affect mood. TRs are expressed from two separate genes (alpha and beta) in human and each gene generates two isoforms of the receptor through differential promoter usage or splicing. TRalpha functions in the heart to regulate heart rate and rhythm and TRbeta is active in the liver and other tissues. The unliganded TRs function as transcription repressors, by binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) predominantly as homodimers, or as heterodimers with retinoid X-receptors (RXR), and being associated with a complex of proteins containing corepressor proteins. Ligand binding promotes corepressor dissociation and binding of a coactivator to activate transcription. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 110 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYD-RCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQA 188
Cdd:cd06961     1 PCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTVQKKLSYScKGEGKCEIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIAVGMAKDLVLDDRKRGA 80

                  ....*
gi 1233267520 189 eKEKL 193
Cdd:cd06961    81 -KRKL 84

DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Ecdysone-induced orphan receptor DHR4 is a member of the nuclear receptor family. DHR4 is expressed during the early Drosophila larval development and is induced by ecdysone. DHR4 coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine response to the attainment of proper body size during larval development. Mutations in DHR4 result in shorter larval development which translates into smaller and lighter flies. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, DHR4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRC--DLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMP 186
Cdd:cd07168     9 CSICEDKATGLHYGIITCEGCKGFFKRTVQNKRVY-TCvgDGRCEITKAQRNRCQYCRFRKCIRKGMMLAAVREDRMP 85

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYD-RCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGR 184
Cdd:cd06960     1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTcRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEAVQNER 75

DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both natural dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RAR function as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs), which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair and found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDrC--DLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGR 184
Cdd:cd06964     7 CFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYT-ChrDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESVRNDR 81

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYD-RCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIR 181
Cdd:cd06969     3 CAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVcLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVR 74

The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor (NR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. The proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulting from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIrLKLIYDRC--DLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFG 183
Cdd:cd07179     1 CRVCGGKSSGFHFGALTCEGCKGFFRRTE-LSSNSYVCpgGQNCAITPATRNACKSCRFRRCLAVGMSKTGSRIG 74

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. PNR is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily of the ligand-activated transcription factors. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. It most likely binds to DNA as a homodimer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMP 186
Cdd:cd07164     1 CRVCGDRASGKHYGVPSCDGCRGFFKRSIRRNLAY-VCKENgsCVVDVARRNQCQACRFKKCLQVNMNRDAVQHERAP 77

DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. COUP-TFs homodimerize or heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and a few other nuclear receptors and bind to a variety of response elements that are composed of imperfect AGGTCA direct or inverted repeats with various spacings. COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYD-RCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIR 181
Cdd:cd06958     1 CVVCGDKSSGKHYGQFTCEGCKSFFKRSVRRNLTYTcRGNRNCPIDQHHRNQCQYCRLKKCLKVGMRREAVQ 72

The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three types of nuclear receptors: vitamin D receptors (VDR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). VDR regulates calcium metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation. PXR and CAR function as sensors of toxic byproducts of cell metabolism and of exogenous chemicals, to facilitate their elimination. The DNA binding activity is regulated by their corresponding ligands. VDR is activated by Vitamin D; CAR and PXR respond to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. Like other nuclear receptors, xenobiotic receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGM 175
Cdd:cd07156     1 CGVCGDRATGYHFNAMTCEGCKGFFRRSMKRKARF-TCPFNgdCEITKDNRRHCQACRLKKCLDIGM 66

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ER interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Estrogen receptor is a transcription regulator that mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen. The binding of estrogen to the receptor triggers the dimerization and the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element, which is a palindromic inverted repeat: 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', of target genes. Through ER, estrogen regulates development, reproduction and homeostasis. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDL--NCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGR 184
Cdd:cd07171     6 CAVCSDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDY-ICPAtnQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRRER 80

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDL--NCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQA 188
Cdd:cd06957     1 CKVCGDKSYGKHYGVYCCDGCSCFFKRSVRKGIIYTCIAGngNCVVDKARRNWCPFCRLQKCFAVGMNRAAVQEERGPRK 80

                  ..
gi 1233267520 189 EK 190
Cdd:cd06957    81 LR 82

DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (ECR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with highly degenerate pseudo-palindromic response elements, resembling inverted repeats of 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by 1 bp, upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. EcR is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. EcR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of EcR are ecdysteroids, the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDL--NCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGM 175
Cdd:cd07161     4 CLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVY-HCKYgrACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLSVGM 69

DNA-binding domain of pregnane X receptor (PXRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain (DBD)of pregnane X receptor (PXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PXR DBD interacts with the PXR response element, a perfect repeat of two AGTTCA motifs with a 4 bp spacer upstream of the target gene, and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. PXR functions as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor-alpha (RXRa) and binds to a variety of promoter regions of a diverse set of target genes involved in the metabolism, transport, and ultimately, elimination of these molecules from the body. Like other nuclear receptors, PXR has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain, a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIrfgrMPQA 188
Cdd:cd07162     2 CRVCGDRATGYHFNAMTCEGCKGFFRRAMKRNARL-CCPFQkgCVITKSNRRQCQACRLRKCLSIGMKKELI----MSDE 76

                  ....*....
gi 1233267520 189 EKEKLLAEI 197
Cdd:cd07162    77 AVEKRRALI 85

DNA-binding domain of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. FXR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. FXR is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. Bile acids are endogenous ligands for FXRs. Upon binding of a ligand, FXR binds to FXR response element (FXRE), which is an inverted repeat of TGACCT spaced by one nucleotide, either as a monomer or as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), to regulate the expression of various genes involved in bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, FXR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYdRCDL--NCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGM 175
Cdd:cd06962     4 CVVCGDKASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSITKNAVY-KCKNggNCEMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCKEMGM 69

DNA-binding domain of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. CAR DBD interacts with CAR response element, a perfect repeat of two AGTTCA motifs with a 4 bp spacer upstream of the target gene, and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. It functions as a heterodimer with RXR. The CAR/RXR heterodimer binds many common response elements in the promoter regions of a diverse set of target genes involved in the metabolism, transport, and ultimately, elimination of these molecules from the body. CAR is a closest mammalian relative of PXR and is activated by some of the same ligands as PXR and regulates a subset of common genes. The sequence homology and functional similarity suggests that the CAR gene arose from a duplication of an ancestral PXR gene. Like other nuclear receptors, CAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain, a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRR-TIRLKLIydRCDLN--CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGM 175
Cdd:cd06966     3 CGVCGDKALGYNFNAITCESCKAFFRRnALKNKEF--KCPFNesCEINVVTRRFCQKCRLDKCFAIGM 68

DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. To regulate gene expression, AR interacts with a palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3-bp spacer. It also binds to the direct repeat 5'-TGTTCT-3' hexamer in some androgen controlled genes. AR is activated by the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for primary and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action of androgen receptor is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptor interacts directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1233267520 111 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLN-CRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMS 176
Cdd:cd07173     6 CLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNdCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCFEAGMT 72

The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR): Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response element located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes and interacts with co-activators. There are three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta (or delta), and gamma, each with a distinct tissue distribution. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge a nd a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1233267520 209 ADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSV 246
Cdd:cd06932     1 ADLRALAKHLYVAYLKQFPLTKAKARKILTGKTTDHAP 38