FERM domain C-lobe of FERM domain-containing protein 4A and 4B (FRMD4A and 4B); FRMD4A is part of the Par-3/FRMD4A/cytohesin-1 complex that activates Arf6, a central player in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. The Par-3/Par-6/aPKC/Cdc42 complex regulates the conversion of primordial adherens junctions (AJs) into belt-like AJs and the formation of linear actin cables. When primordial AJs are formed, Par-3 recruits scaffolding protein FRMD4A which connects Par-3 and the Arf6 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), cytohesin-1. FRMD4B (also called GRP1-binding protein, GRSP1) is a novel member of GRP1 signaling complexes that are recruited to plasma membrane ruffles in response to insulin receptor signaling. The GRSP1/FRMD4B protein contains a FERM protein domain as well as two coiled coil domains and may function as a scaffolding protein. GRP1 and GRSP1 interact through the coiled coil domains in the two proteins. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDPRRASVT-RRTFGHSGIAVH 328
Cdd:cd13191     1 GVHYYEVKDKNGIPWWLGVSYKGIGQYDLQDKVKPRKFFQWKQLENLYFRDRKFSIEVRDPRRNSHRsRRTFQSSSVSVH 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 971059251  329 TWYAC-PALIKSIWAMAISQHQFYLDRKQSKSK 360
Cdd:cd13191    81 VWYGQtPALCKTIWSMAIAQHQFYLDRKQSKKK 113

Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain; C1ORF106 also known as INAVA (Innate Immune Activator), is identified as a risk factor for the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mice lacking the protein show defects in intestinal barrier integrity at steady state and greater susceptibility to mucosal infection. INAVA carries CUPID (Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain). Three other human proteins contain CUPID: FRMD4A, FRMD4B, and CCDC120- proteins implicated in neurite outgrowth, and in human cancer, Alzheimer's, celiac, and heart disease. All appear to bind the ARF-GEF (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) cytohesin family members, such as proteins (ARF 1-4), which regulate cell membrane and F-actin dynamics. INAVA-CUPID binds cytohesin 2 (also known as ARNO), targets the molecule to lateral membranes of epithelial monolayers, and enables ARNO to affect F-actin assembly that underlies cell-cell junctions and barrier function. In the case of inflammatory signalling, ARNO can coordinate CUPID function by binding and inhibiting CUPID activity of acting as an enhancer of TRAF6 dependent polyubiquitination. In other words, ARNO acts as a negative-regulator of inflammatory responses. In summary, INAVA-CUPID exhibits dual functions, coordinated directly by ARNO, that bridge epithelial barrier function with extracellular signals and inflammation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   389 GSKGKIISGSSGSLLSSGSQESDSSQSAKKDMLAALKSRQEALEETLRQRLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPVEYPLDPGEEP 468
Cdd:pfam11819    1 ESKGEIISSSSGSLLSSGSDSSTSSEKQKKEKTAALKKKQQALQERLELKLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPKEYPLEPGEKP 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   469 PIVRRRIGTAFKLDEQKILPKGEEAELERLEREFAIQSQITEAARRLASDPNVSKK 524
Cdd:pfam11819   81 PQVRRRVGTAFKLDEQHVLQYAEDPELESLEREFALQQQIVEAARRLALEPNLSKT 136

FERM domain C-lobe of FERM domain-containing protein 4A and 4B (FRMD4A and 4B); FRMD4A is part of the Par-3/FRMD4A/cytohesin-1 complex that activates Arf6, a central player in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. The Par-3/Par-6/aPKC/Cdc42 complex regulates the conversion of primordial adherens junctions (AJs) into belt-like AJs and the formation of linear actin cables. When primordial AJs are formed, Par-3 recruits scaffolding protein FRMD4A which connects Par-3 and the Arf6 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), cytohesin-1. FRMD4B (also called GRP1-binding protein, GRSP1) is a novel member of GRP1 signaling complexes that are recruited to plasma membrane ruffles in response to insulin receptor signaling. The GRSP1/FRMD4B protein contains a FERM protein domain as well as two coiled coil domains and may function as a scaffolding protein. GRP1 and GRSP1 interact through the coiled coil domains in the two proteins. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDPRRASVT-RRTFGHSGIAVH 328
Cdd:cd13191     1 GVHYYEVKDKNGIPWWLGVSYKGIGQYDLQDKVKPRKFFQWKQLENLYFRDRKFSIEVRDPRRNSHRsRRTFQSSSVSVH 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 971059251  329 TWYAC-PALIKSIWAMAISQHQFYLDRKQSKSK 360
Cdd:cd13191    81 VWYGQtPALCKTIWSMAIAQHQFYLDRKQSKKK 113

Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain; C1ORF106 also known as INAVA (Innate Immune Activator), is identified as a risk factor for the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mice lacking the protein show defects in intestinal barrier integrity at steady state and greater susceptibility to mucosal infection. INAVA carries CUPID (Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain). Three other human proteins contain CUPID: FRMD4A, FRMD4B, and CCDC120- proteins implicated in neurite outgrowth, and in human cancer, Alzheimer's, celiac, and heart disease. All appear to bind the ARF-GEF (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) cytohesin family members, such as proteins (ARF 1-4), which regulate cell membrane and F-actin dynamics. INAVA-CUPID binds cytohesin 2 (also known as ARNO), targets the molecule to lateral membranes of epithelial monolayers, and enables ARNO to affect F-actin assembly that underlies cell-cell junctions and barrier function. In the case of inflammatory signalling, ARNO can coordinate CUPID function by binding and inhibiting CUPID activity of acting as an enhancer of TRAF6 dependent polyubiquitination. In other words, ARNO acts as a negative-regulator of inflammatory responses. In summary, INAVA-CUPID exhibits dual functions, coordinated directly by ARNO, that bridge epithelial barrier function with extracellular signals and inflammation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   389 GSKGKIISGSSGSLLSSGSQESDSSQSAKKDMLAALKSRQEALEETLRQRLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPVEYPLDPGEEP 468
Cdd:pfam11819    1 ESKGEIISSSSGSLLSSGSDSSTSSEKQKKEKTAALKKKQQALQERLELKLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPKEYPLEPGEKP 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   469 PIVRRRIGTAFKLDEQKILPKGEEAELERLEREFAIQSQITEAARRLASDPNVSKK 524
Cdd:pfam11819   81 PQVRRRVGTAFKLDEQHVLQYAEDPELESLEREFALQQQIVEAARRLALEPNLSKT 136

FERM central domain; This domain is the central structural domain of the FERM domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   137 ESISYLKDNATIELFFLNAKSCIYKELIDVDSEVVFELASYILQEAKGDFSSNEVVRSDLKKLPALPTQaLKEHPSLAYC 216
Cdd:pfam00373    1 DLELLLQDEVTRHLLYLQAKDDILEGRLPCSEEEALLLAALQLQAEFGDYQPSSHTSEYLSLESFLPKQ-LLRKMKSKEL 79

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 971059251   217 EDRVIEHYKKLNGQTRGQAIVNYMSIVESLPTYGVHYY 254
Cdd:pfam00373   80 EKRVLEAHKNLRGLSAEEAKLKYLQIAQSLPTYGVEFF 117

FERM N-terminal domain; This domain is the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 971059251    57 VHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHD 118
Cdd:pfam09379    1 VRLLDGTVLEFDVQPKATGQVLLDQVCNHLNLKEKDYFGLQFLDDNGEHRWLDLSKRLSKQA 62

FERM domain C-lobe of FERM domain-containing protein 4A and 4B (FRMD4A and 4B); FRMD4A is part of the Par-3/FRMD4A/cytohesin-1 complex that activates Arf6, a central player in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. The Par-3/Par-6/aPKC/Cdc42 complex regulates the conversion of primordial adherens junctions (AJs) into belt-like AJs and the formation of linear actin cables. When primordial AJs are formed, Par-3 recruits scaffolding protein FRMD4A which connects Par-3 and the Arf6 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), cytohesin-1. FRMD4B (also called GRP1-binding protein, GRSP1) is a novel member of GRP1 signaling complexes that are recruited to plasma membrane ruffles in response to insulin receptor signaling. The GRSP1/FRMD4B protein contains a FERM protein domain as well as two coiled coil domains and may function as a scaffolding protein. GRP1 and GRSP1 interact through the coiled coil domains in the two proteins. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDPRRASVT-RRTFGHSGIAVH 328
Cdd:cd13191     1 GVHYYEVKDKNGIPWWLGVSYKGIGQYDLQDKVKPRKFFQWKQLENLYFRDRKFSIEVRDPRRNSHRsRRTFQSSSVSVH 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 971059251  329 TWYAC-PALIKSIWAMAISQHQFYLDRKQSKSK 360
Cdd:cd13191    81 VWYGQtPALCKTIWSMAIAQHQFYLDRKQSKKK 113

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in FERM domain-containing protein 4A (FRMD4A); FRMD4A is a cytohesin adaptor involved in cell structure, transport and signaling. It promotes the growth of cancer cells in tongue, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. It also regulates tau secretion by activating cytohesin-Arf6 signaling through connecting cytohesin family Arf6-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Par-3 at primordial adherens junctions during epithelial polarization. As a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), FRMD4A may play a role in amyloidogenic and tau-related pathways in AD. FRMD4A contains a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   51 EGRRCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFPKKSGPVVLYF 130
Cdd:cd17199     1 EGRRCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFPKKSGPVVLYF 80

                  ....*....
gi 971059251  131 CVRFYIESI 139
Cdd:cd17199    81 CVRFYIESI 89

Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain; C1ORF106 also known as INAVA (Innate Immune Activator), is identified as a risk factor for the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mice lacking the protein show defects in intestinal barrier integrity at steady state and greater susceptibility to mucosal infection. INAVA carries CUPID (Cytohesin Ubiquitin Protein Inducing Domain). Three other human proteins contain CUPID: FRMD4A, FRMD4B, and CCDC120- proteins implicated in neurite outgrowth, and in human cancer, Alzheimer's, celiac, and heart disease. All appear to bind the ARF-GEF (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) cytohesin family members, such as proteins (ARF 1-4), which regulate cell membrane and F-actin dynamics. INAVA-CUPID binds cytohesin 2 (also known as ARNO), targets the molecule to lateral membranes of epithelial monolayers, and enables ARNO to affect F-actin assembly that underlies cell-cell junctions and barrier function. In the case of inflammatory signalling, ARNO can coordinate CUPID function by binding and inhibiting CUPID activity of acting as an enhancer of TRAF6 dependent polyubiquitination. In other words, ARNO acts as a negative-regulator of inflammatory responses. In summary, INAVA-CUPID exhibits dual functions, coordinated directly by ARNO, that bridge epithelial barrier function with extracellular signals and inflammation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   389 GSKGKIISGSSGSLLSSGSQESDSSQSAKKDMLAALKSRQEALEETLRQRLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPVEYPLDPGEEP 468
Cdd:pfam11819    1 ESKGEIISSSSGSLLSSGSDSSTSSEKQKKEKTAALKKKQQALQERLELKLEELKKLCLREAELTGKLPKEYPLEPGEKP 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   469 PIVRRRIGTAFKLDEQKILPKGEEAELERLEREFAIQSQITEAARRLASDPNVSKK 524
Cdd:pfam11819   81 PQVRRRVGTAFKLDEQHVLQYAEDPELESLEREFALQQQIVEAARRLALEPNLSKT 136

FERM central domain; This domain is the central structural domain of the FERM domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   137 ESISYLKDNATIELFFLNAKSCIYKELIDVDSEVVFELASYILQEAKGDFSSNEVVRSDLKKLPALPTQaLKEHPSLAYC 216
Cdd:pfam00373    1 DLELLLQDEVTRHLLYLQAKDDILEGRLPCSEEEALLLAALQLQAEFGDYQPSSHTSEYLSLESFLPKQ-LLRKMKSKEL 79

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 971059251   217 EDRVIEHYKKLNGQTRGQAIVNYMSIVESLPTYGVHYY 254
Cdd:pfam00373   80 EKRVLEAHKNLRGLSAEEAKLKYLQIAQSLPTYGVEFF 117

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F0 sub-domain and F1 sub-domain, found in FERM (Four.1/Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) family proteins; FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain is present at the N-terminus of a large and diverse group of proteins that mediate linkage of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. FERM-containing proteins are ubiquitous components of the cytocortex and are involved in cell transport, cell structure and signaling functions. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. The family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N), which is structurally similar to ubiquitin.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   53 RRCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHdfPKKSGPVVLYFCV 132
Cdd:cd01765     1 ISCRVRLLDGTELTLEVSKKATGQELFDKVCEKLNLLEKDYFGLFYEDNDGQKHWLDLDKKISKQ--LKRSGPYQFYFRV 78

                  ..
gi 971059251  133 RF 134
Cdd:cd01765    79 KF 80

FERM domain B-lobe; The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure (FERM_N, FERM_M, FERM_C/N, alpha-, and C-lobe/A-lobe, B-lobe, C-lobe/F1, F2, F3). The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases, the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  147 TIELFFLNAKSCIYKELIDVDSEVVFELASYILQEAKGDFSSNEVVRSDLKKLPALPTQALKEHpSLAYCEDRVIEHYKK 226
Cdd:cd14473     1 TRYLLYLQVKRDILEGRLPCSEETAALLAALALQAEYGDYDPSEHKPKYLSLKRFLPKQLLKQR-KPEEWEKRIVELHKK 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  227 LNGQTRGQAIVNYMSIVESL 246
Cdd:cd14473    80 LRGLSPAEAKLKYLKIARKL 99

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in merlin and similar proteins; Merlin, also termed moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein, or neurofibromin-2 (NF2), or Schwannomerlin, or Schwannomin, is a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of cytoskeletal proteins that plays an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif, merlin however lacks the typical actin-binding motif in the C-tail. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). Merlin plays vital roles in controlling proper development of organ sizes by specifically binding to a large number of target proteins localized both in cytoplasm and nuclei. Merlin may function as a tumor suppressor that functions upstream of the core Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2 (Wts in Drosophila) and Mst1/2 (Hpo in Drosophila), as well as the nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase DDB1-and-Cullin 4-associated Factor 1 (DCAF1)-associated cullin 4-Roc1 ligase, CRL4(DCAF1). Merlin may also has a tumor suppressor function in melanoma cells, the inhibition of the proto-oncogenic Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) activity.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   62 DRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFPKKSgPVVLYFCVRFYIE 137
Cdd:cd17186    11 DAEMEFNCEMKWKGKDLFDLVCRTIGLRETWYFGLQYTDSKGTVAWLKMDKKVLDQDVPKEE-PVTFHFLAKFYPE 85

FERM domain C-lobe/F3 of the ERM family; The ERM family includes ezrin, radixin, moesin and merlin. They are composed of a N-terminal FERM (ERM) domain (also called N-ERMAD (N-terminal ERM association domain)), a coiled coil region (CRR), and a C-terminal domain CERMAD (C-terminal ERM association domain) which has an F-actin-binding site (ABD). Two actin-binding sites have been identified in the middle and N-terminal domains. Merlin is structurally similar to the ERM proteins, but instead of an actin-binding domain (ABD), it contains a C-terminal domain (CTD), just like the proteins from the 4.1 family. Activated ezrin, radixin and moesin are thought to be involved in the linking of actin filaments to CD43, CD44, ICAM1-3 cell adhesion molecules, various membrane channels and receptors, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and the beta2-adrenergic receptor. The ERM proteins exist in two states, a dormant state in which the FERM domain binds to its own C-terminal tail and thereby precludes binding of some partner proteins, and an activated state, in which the FERM domain binds to one of many membrane binding proteins and the C-terminal tail binds to F-actin. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain of ERM is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  249 YGVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDpRRASVTRRTFGHSGIAvh 328
Cdd:cd13194     2 YGVNYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEPDNKLTPKIGFPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPID-KKAPDFVFYSPRLRIN-- 78

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 971059251  329 twyacpaliKSIWAMAISQHQFYLDRKQ 356
Cdd:cd13194    79 ---------KRILDLCMGNHELYMRRRK 97

FERM domain C-lobe; The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAVKDKQ--GIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKvKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFRE-KKFSVEVHDPRRASVtrrtfghsgIA 326
Cdd:cd00836     1 GVEFFPVKDKSkkGSPIILGVNPEGISVYDELTG-QPLVLFPWPNIKKISFSGaKKFTIVVADEDKQSK---------LL 70

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251  327 VHTWyacPALIKSIWAMAISQHQFYL 352
Cdd:cd00836    71 FQTP---SRQAKEIWKLIVGYHRFLL 93

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in FERM domain-containing protein 3 (FRMD3) and similar proteins; FRMD3, also termed band 4.1-like protein 4O, or ovary type protein 4.1 (4.1O), belongs to the 4.1 protein superfamily, which share the highly conserved membrane-association FERM domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). FRMD3 is involved in maintaining cell shape and integrity. It also functions as a tumour suppressor in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in FRMD3 have been associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in different ethnicities.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   54 RCQVHLLDDRK-LELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHdfPKKSGPVVLYFCV 132
Cdd:cd17102     2 KCTIRLLDDSEvICCEFKKDTKGQFLLDYVCNYLNLLEKDYFGLRYVDTEKQRHWLDPNKSIYKQ--LKGVPPYVLCFRV 79

                  ...
gi 971059251  133 RFY 135
Cdd:cd17102    80 KFY 82

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in the ERM family proteins, Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin; The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family includes a group of closely related cytoskeletal proteins that plays an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif. They exist in two states, a dormant state in which the FERM domain binds to its own C-terminal tail and thereby precludes binding of some partner proteins, and an activated state, in which the FERM domain binds to one of many membrane binding proteins and the C-terminal tail binds to F-actin. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   62 DRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFPKKSgPVVLYFCVRFYIE 137
Cdd:cd17187     9 DAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREIWFFGLQYVDSKGYSTWLKLNKKVLSQDVKKEN-PLQFKFRAKFYPE 83

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins; The family includes erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins EPB41L1/4.1N, EPB41L2/4.1G, and EPB41L3/4.1B. They belong to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41L1 is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that may serve as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. EPB41L2 is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41L3 also acts as a tumor suppressor implicated in a variety of meningiomas and carcinomas. Members in this family contain a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   53 RRCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWL----QLDRRVlehdfpkKSGPVVL 128
Cdd:cd17106     2 QQCKVLLLDGTEYTCEVEKRAKGQVLFDKVCEHLNLLEKDYFGLTYRDAQDQKNWLdpakEIKKQI-------RSGPWLF 74

                  ....*..
gi 971059251  129 YFCVRFY 135
Cdd:cd17106    75 SFNVKFY 81

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in radixin and similar proteins; Radixin is a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of cytoskeletal proteins that plays an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif. The C-terminal domain can fold back to bind to the FERM domain forming an autoinhibited conformation. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). Radixin plays important roles in cell polarity, cell motility, invasion and tumor progression. It mediates the binding of F-actin to the plasma membrane after a conformational activation through Akt2-dependent phosphorylation at Thr564. It is also involved in reversal learning and short-term memory by regulating synaptic GABAA receptor density.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   62 DRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFpKKSGPVVLYFCVRFYIE 137
Cdd:cd17238     9 DAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTVGLREVWFFGLQYVDSKGYSTWLKLNKKVTQQDV-KKENPLQFKFRAKFFPE 83

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in moesin and similar proteins; Moesin, also termed membrane-organizing extension spike protein, is a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of cytoskeletal proteins that plays an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif. The C-terminal domain can fold back to bind to the FERM domain forming an autoinhibited conformation. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). Moesin is involved in mitotic spindle function through stabilizing cell shape and microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the formation of F-actin networks that mediate endosome biogenesis or maturation and transport through the degradative pathway.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 971059251   62 DRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHDFPKKSgPVVLYFCVRFYIE 137
Cdd:cd17237    10 DAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWFFGLQYQDTKGFSTWLKLNKKVTAQDVRKES-PLLFKFRAKFYPE 84

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like protein 3 (EPB41L3) and similar proteins; EPB41L3, also termed 4.1B, or differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung protein 1 (DAL-1), belongs to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41L3 is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a variety of meningiomas and carcinomas. EPB41L3 contains a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   54 RCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHdfpKKSGPVVLYFCVR 133
Cdd:cd17203     3 QCKVTLLDGSEYTCEVEKRSKGQVLFDKVCEHLNLLEKDYFGLTYRDSENQKNWLDPAKEIKKQ---IRSGAWQFSFNVK 79

                  ..
gi 971059251  134 FY 135
Cdd:cd17203    80 FY 81

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 5 (EPB41L5) and similar proteins; This family includes FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins, EPB41L5 and EPB41L4B. EPB41L5 is a mesenchymal-specific protein that is an integral component of the ARF6-based pathway. EPB41L4B is a positive regulator of keratinocyte adhesion and motility, suggesting a role in wound healing. It also promotes cancer metastasis in melanoma, prostate cancer and breast cancer. Both EPB41L5 and EPB41L4B contain a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   55 CQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHdfPKKSGPVVLYFCVRF 134
Cdd:cd17108     3 CKVILLDGTDLSIELPKKAKGQELYEQVFYHLDLIEKDYFGLQFMDAAQVQHWLDPTKKIKKQ--VKIGPPYTLRFRVKF 80

                  .
gi 971059251  135 Y 135
Cdd:cd17108    81 Y 81

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYLIP and similar proteins; MYLIP, also termed inducible degrader of the LDL-receptor (Idol), or myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MIR), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family, including UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2D3, and UBE2D4. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains a FERM-domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   55 CQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLdRRVLEHDFPKKSgPVVLYFCVRF 134
Cdd:cd17104     3 CLVSQPDSVVIEVEVDPKANGQECLDKVCQKLGIIEKDYFGLQYTGPKGERLWLNL-RNRISRQLPGPP-PYRLRLRVKF 80

                  .
gi 971059251  135 Y 135
Cdd:cd17104    81 F 81

FERM domain C-lobe of FERM domain-containing protein 3 and 5 (FRMD3 and 5); FRMD3 (also called Band 4.1-like protein 4O/4.1O though it is not a true member of that family) is a novel putative tumor suppressor gene that is implicated in the origin and progression of lung cancer. In humans there are 5 isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing. Less is known about FRMD5, though there are 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Both FRMD3 and FRMD5 contain a N-terminal FERM domain, followed by a FERM adjacent (FA) domain, and 4.1 protein C-terminal domain (CTD). The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  235 AIVNYMSIVESLPTYGVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVkprKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVH--DPRR 312
Cdd:cd13192     1 AEDNFLRKAATLETYGVDPHPVKDHRGNQLYLGFTHTGIVTFQGGKRV---HHFRWNDITKFNYEGKMFILHVMqkEEKK 77

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 971059251  313 ASVTRRTfghsgiavhtwyACPALIKSIWAMAISQHQFY 351
Cdd:cd13192    78 HTLGFKC------------PTPAACKHLWKCAVEQQAFY 104

FERM domain C-lobe of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor proteins 14 and 21 (PTPN14 and 21); This CD contains PTP members: pez/PTPN14 and PTPN21. A number of mutations in Pez have been shown to be associated with breast and colorectal cancer. The PTPN protein family belong to larger family of PTPs. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. The members are composed of a N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. Like most other ERM members they have a phosphoinositide-binding site in their FERM domain. The FERM C domain is the third structural domain within the FERM domain. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  249 YGVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQydYHDKVKPRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDPRrasvtrrtfghsgiAVH 328
Cdd:cd13188     1 YGEESFPAKDEQGNEVLIGASLEGIFV--KHDNGRPPVFFRWEDIKNVINHKRTFSIECQNSE--------------ETV 64

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 971059251  329 TWYAC-PALIKSIWAMAISQHQFY 351
Cdd:cd13188    65 QFQFEdAETAKYVWKLCVLQHKFY 88

FERM domain C-lobe of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 13 (PTPH13); There are many functions of PTPN13 (also called PTPL1, PTP-BAS, hPTP1E, FAP1, or PTPL1). Mice lacking PTPN13 activity have abnormal regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in their T cells, mild impairment of motor nerve repair, and a significant reduction in the growth of retinal glia cultures. It also plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. PTPN13 contains a kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain (KIND), a FERM domain with two potential phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]-binding motifs, 5 PDZ domains, and a carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. There is an nteraction between the FERM domain of PTPL1 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 which is thought to regulate the membrane localization of PTPN13. PDZ are protein/protein interaction domains so there is the potential for numerous partners that can actively participate in the regulation of its phosphatase activity or can permit direct or indirect recruitment of tyrosine phosphorylated PTPL1 substrates. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAV---KDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVK-PRKIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEvhdPRRASVTRRTF 320
Cdd:cd13187     1 GVHFHRVyreKKSSTLSLWLGICSRGIIIYEEKNGARtPVLRFPWRETQKISFDKKKFTIE---SRGGSGIKHTF 72

FERM domain C-lobe of Novel band 4.1-like protein 4 and 5 (NBL4 and 5); NBL4 (also called Erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 4; Epb4 1l4) plays a role the beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway and is thought to be involved in establishing the cell polarity or proliferation. NBL4 may be also involved in adhesion, in cell motility and/or in cell-to-cell communication. No role for NBL5 has been proposed to date. Both NBL4 and NBL5 contain a N-terminal FERM domain which has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe is a member of the PH superfamily. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251  250 GVHYYAVKDKQGIPWWLGLSYKGIFQYDYHDKVKprkIFQWRQLENLYFREKKFSVEVHDprrasvtrrtfGHSGIAVHT 329
Cdd:cd13186     1 GVDLHPVKGEDGNEYFLGLTPTGILVFENKTKIG---LFFWPRITKLDFKGKKLKLVVKE-----------KDDQEQEHT 66

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 971059251  330 WY-------ACpaliKSIWAMAISQHQFY 351
Cdd:cd13186    67 FVfrlpnkkAC----KHLWKCAVEHHAFF 91

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) and similar proteins; PTPN14, also termed protein-tyrosine phosphatase pez, or PTPD2, or PTP36, is a widely expressed non-transmembrane cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). It belongs to the FERM family of PTPs characterized by a conserved N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain with an intervening sequence containing an acidic region and a putative SH3 domain-binding sequence. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). PTPN14 plays a role in the nucleus during cell proliferation. It forms a complex with Kibra and LATS1 proteins and negatively regulates the key Hippo pathway protein Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncogenic function by controlling its localization. It specifically regulates p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas) phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 128 (Y128) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Moreover, PTPN14 may be a critical enzyme in regulating endothelial cell function. It plays a crucial role in organogenesis by inducing transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It also acts as a modifier of angiogenesis and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. It regulates the lymphatic function and choanal development through the interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, PTPN14 functions as a regulator of cell motility through its action on cell-cell adhesion. Beta-Catenin, a central component of adherens junctions, has been identified as a PTPN14 substrate. PTPN14 works as a novel sperm-motility biomarker and a potential mitochondrial protein.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   56 QVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRVLEHdFPKKSGPVVLYFCVRFY 135
Cdd:cd17191     7 RIRLLDSNVIECTLSVESTGQECLEAVAQRLELRETHYFGLWFLSKSQQARWVELEKPLKKQ-LDKFANEPLLFFGVMFY 85

                  .
gi 971059251  136 I 136
Cdd:cd17191    86 V 86

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 21 (PTPN21) and similar proteins; PTPN21, also termed protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1 (PTPD1), is a cytosolic non-receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that belongs to the FERM family of PTPs characterized by a conserved N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain with an intervening sequence containing an acidic region and a putative SH3 domain-binding sequence. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). PTPN21 interacts with a Tec tyrosine kinase family member, the epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase (Etk, also known as Bmx), modulates Stat3 activation, and plays a role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It also associates with and activates Src tyrosine kinase, and directs epidermal growth factor (EGF)/Src signaling to the nucleus through activating ERK1/2- and Elk1-dependent gene transcription. PTPD1-Src complex interacts a protein kinase A-anchoring protein AKAP121 to forms a PTPD1-Src-AKAP121 complex, which is required for efficient maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP oxidative synthesis. As a novel component of the endocytic pathway, PTPN21 supports EGF receptor stability and mitogenic signaling in bladder cancer cells. Moreover, PTPD1 regulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) autophosphorylation and cell migration through modulating Src-FAK signaling at adhesion sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   56 QVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETGHLNWLQLDRRvLEHDFPKKSGPVVLYFCVRFY 135
Cdd:cd17192     7 RIQLLNNEFVEFTLSVESTGQECLEAVAQRLELREITYFSLWYYNKQNQQRWVDLEKP-LKKQLDKYALEPTVYFGVVFY 85

                  .
gi 971059251  136 I 136
Cdd:cd17192    86 V 86

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13); PTPN13, also termed Fas-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), or PTP-BAS, or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1E (PTP-E1 or PTPE1), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1, belongs to the non-transmembrane FERM-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) subfamily characterized by a KIND domain, a FERM domain, five PDZ domains, and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). PTPN13 interacts with a variety of ligands, suggests an important role as a scaffolding protein. It is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cytokinesis and cell cycle progression.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 971059251   53 RRCQVHLLDDRKLELLVQPKLLAKELLDLVASHFNLKEKEYFGIAFTDETgHLNWLQLDRRV-------LEHDFPKKSGP 125
Cdd:cd17195     2 RKVNIMLLSGQRLELTCDTKSTCKDVFDMVVAHIGLVEHHLFALAYLKDN-EFFFVDPDLKLskvapegWKEEPKKKNKM 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 971059251  126 VV---LYFCVRFYIE 137
Cdd:cd17195    81 TVnftLFFRIKFFVD 95