spike glycoprotein [BtMr-AlphaCoV/SAX2011]
Protein Classification
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||
| alphaCoV_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22369 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1316 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) protein from alphacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from alphacoronaviruses including human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E, and porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), among others. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP), and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1 the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. : Pssm-ID: 411956 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 666 Bit Score: 1318.44 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_S1 | pfam01600 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of ... |
215-641 | 1.52e-174 | ||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of coronaviruses. The spike protein is arranged in trimers on the surface of the viral membrane and is essential for viral entry. The spike protein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to the distal S1, responsible for receptor binding, and the membrane-anchored S2 responsible for membrane fusion. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S1 subunit is composed of two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain (S1 NTD) and a receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) also referred to as the S1 CTD or domain B. Each of these domains have been implicated in binding to host receptors. However, most coronaviruses are not known to utilize both the S1 NTD and S1 RBD for viral entry. This entry contains spike protein from both alpha and gamma coronaviruses but excludes the spike protein from beta-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. : Pssm-ID: 460262 Cd Length: 412 Bit Score: 525.37 E-value: 1.52e-174
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| CoV_S2_C | pfam19214 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich ... |
1346-1387 | 1.21e-10 | ||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich intravirion region found at the C-terminus of coronavirus spike proteins (S). These cysteine residues are targets for palmitoylation, necessary for efficiently S incorporation into virions and S-mediated membrane fusions. : Pssm-ID: 465998 Cd Length: 42 Bit Score: 57.81 E-value: 1.21e-10
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||
| alphaCoV_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22369 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1316 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) protein from alphacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from alphacoronaviruses including human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E, and porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), among others. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP), and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1 the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411956 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 666 Bit Score: 1318.44 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_S2 | pfam01601 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2; The coronavirus spike glycoprotein forms the characteriztic ... |
795-1324 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2; The coronavirus spike glycoprotein forms the characteriztic 'corona' after which the group is named. The Spike glycoprotein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to S1 pfam01600 and S2,. The S2 subunit normally contains multiple key components, including one or more fusion peptides (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2') and two conserved heptad repeats (HRs), driving membrane penetration and virus-cell fusion. The HRs can trimerize into a coiled-coil structure built of three HR1-HR2 helical hairpins presenting as a canonical six-helix bundle and drag the virus envelope and the host cell bilayer into close proximity, preparing for fusion to occur. Pssm-ID: 460263 Cd Length: 502 Bit Score: 779.53 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_S1 | pfam01600 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of ... |
215-641 | 1.52e-174 | ||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of coronaviruses. The spike protein is arranged in trimers on the surface of the viral membrane and is essential for viral entry. The spike protein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to the distal S1, responsible for receptor binding, and the membrane-anchored S2 responsible for membrane fusion. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S1 subunit is composed of two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain (S1 NTD) and a receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) also referred to as the S1 CTD or domain B. Each of these domains have been implicated in binding to host receptors. However, most coronaviruses are not known to utilize both the S1 NTD and S1 RBD for viral entry. This entry contains spike protein from both alpha and gamma coronaviruses but excludes the spike protein from beta-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. Pssm-ID: 460262 Cd Length: 412 Bit Score: 525.37 E-value: 1.52e-174
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| CoV_S2_C | pfam19214 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich ... |
1346-1387 | 1.21e-10 | ||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich intravirion region found at the C-terminus of coronavirus spike proteins (S). These cysteine residues are targets for palmitoylation, necessary for efficiently S incorporation into virions and S-mediated membrane fusions. Pssm-ID: 465998 Cd Length: 42 Bit Score: 57.81 E-value: 1.21e-10
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| CwlO1 | COG3883 | Uncharacterized N-terminal coiled-coil domain of peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlO [Function ... |
965-1133 | 1.29e-04 | ||||||||||
Uncharacterized N-terminal coiled-coil domain of peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlO [Function unknown]; Pssm-ID: 443091 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 379 Bit Score: 45.98 E-value: 1.29e-04
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||||||||
| alphaCoV_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22369 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1316 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) protein from alphacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from alphacoronaviruses including human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E, and porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), among others. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP), and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1 the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411956 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 666 Bit Score: 1318.44 E-value: 0e+00
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| PDEV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-2_S2 | cd22376 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1321 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and related alphacoronavirus; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from alphacoronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Scotophilus bat coronavirus, and swine enteric coronavirus, among others. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1 the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411963 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 673 Bit Score: 1028.16 E-value: 0e+00
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| delta-PiCoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22374 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
631-1367 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Pigeon coronavirus UAE-HKU29, and related avian deltacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Pigeon coronavirus UAE-HKU29, and related avian deltacoronaviruses including Falcon coronavirus UAE-HKU27, Magpie-robin coronavirus HKU18, Sparrow coronavirus HKU17, and Night heron coronavirus HKU19. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the (C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411961 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 739 Bit Score: 951.25 E-value: 0e+00
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| TGEV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22377 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1362 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from transmissible gastroenteritis virus and related alphacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), canine coronavirus (CCoV), and feline coronavirus (FCoV). They display greater than 96% sequence identity and have been grouped in the same species, alphacoronavirus 1, within the Alphacoronavirus genus. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411964 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 751 Bit Score: 948.81 E-value: 0e+00
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| HCoV-NL63-229E-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22375 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
652-1324 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoproteins from HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, and related alphacoronavirus; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from alphacoronaviruses, including human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411962 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 677 Bit Score: 880.78 E-value: 0e+00
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| delta-PDCoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22373 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
659-1307 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from porcine coronavirus HKU15, avian coronaviruses, and related deltacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from porcine coronavirus PDCoV, and several avian coronaviruses such as quail deltacoronavirus (QdCoV) UAE-HKU30, white-eye coronavirus HKU16, common moorhen coronavirus HKU21, thrush CoV HKU12, and munia CoV HKU13, all from the Buldecovirus subgenus of deltacoronaviruses. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411960 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 648 Bit Score: 856.83 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_S2 | pfam01601 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2; The coronavirus spike glycoprotein forms the characteriztic ... |
795-1324 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2; The coronavirus spike glycoprotein forms the characteriztic 'corona' after which the group is named. The Spike glycoprotein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to S1 pfam01600 and S2,. The S2 subunit normally contains multiple key components, including one or more fusion peptides (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2') and two conserved heptad repeats (HRs), driving membrane penetration and virus-cell fusion. The HRs can trimerize into a coiled-coil structure built of three HR1-HR2 helical hairpins presenting as a canonical six-helix bundle and drag the virus envelope and the host cell bilayer into close proximity, preparing for fusion to occur. Pssm-ID: 460263 Cd Length: 502 Bit Score: 779.53 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_Spike_S1-S2_S2 | cd21698 | S1/S2 cleavage region and the S2 fusion subunit of coronavirus spike (S) proteins; This model ... |
765-1302 | 0e+00 | |||||||||||
S1/S2 cleavage region and the S2 fusion subunit of coronavirus spike (S) proteins; This model represents the S1/S2 cleavage region and the S2 subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from coronavirus (CoVs), including three highly pathogenic human CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (C-domain). S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect S1 and S2. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP), and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site through the insertion of PRRAR*SV (* indicates the cleavage site) at the S1/S2 interface, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related CoVs. The S1/S2 cleavage region and the S2 fusion subunit play an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411955 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 523 Bit Score: 674.13 E-value: 0e+00
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| CoV_S1 | pfam01600 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of ... |
215-641 | 1.52e-174 | |||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1; This family represents the spike glycoprotein (S) of coronaviruses. The spike protein is arranged in trimers on the surface of the viral membrane and is essential for viral entry. The spike protein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to the distal S1, responsible for receptor binding, and the membrane-anchored S2 responsible for membrane fusion. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S1 subunit is composed of two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain (S1 NTD) and a receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) also referred to as the S1 CTD or domain B. Each of these domains have been implicated in binding to host receptors. However, most coronaviruses are not known to utilize both the S1 NTD and S1 RBD for viral entry. This entry contains spike protein from both alpha and gamma coronaviruses but excludes the spike protein from beta-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. Pssm-ID: 460262 Cd Length: 412 Bit Score: 525.37 E-value: 1.52e-174
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| gammaCoV_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22372 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
656-1316 | 1.30e-159 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) and related gammacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from gammacoronaviruses, including avian infectious bronchitis virus, and Beluga whale coronavirus SW1 (whale-CoV SW1). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411959 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 661 Bit Score: 495.66 E-value: 1.30e-159
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| betaCoV_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22370 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
666-1302 | 1.21e-140 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses; This family contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses, including three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HKU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411957 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 667 Bit Score: 445.39 E-value: 1.21e-140
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| alphaCoV-HKU2-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22371 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the CoV ... |
666-1368 | 1.50e-119 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the CoV spike (S) glycoprotein from Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 and related alphacoronaviruses; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Wencheng shrew coronavirus (WESV), Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus (LRNV), and two bat viruses (Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 and BtRf-AlphaCoV/YN2012). Members of this group form a distinct cluster that is separated from the other alphacoronaviruses. The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411958 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 686 Bit Score: 389.15 E-value: 1.50e-119
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| bat-HKU9-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22381 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
666-1368 | 3.42e-112 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 and related betacoronaviruses in the D lineage; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the nobecovirus subgenus (D lineage), including Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411968 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 731 Bit Score: 370.62 E-value: 3.42e-112
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| MERS-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22379 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
666-1302 | 1.28e-105 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the C lineage; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the merbecovirus subgenus (C lineage), including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411966 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 682 Bit Score: 351.02 E-value: 1.28e-105
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| HKU1-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22380 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
666-1302 | 3.81e-99 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from human HKU1 and OC43 coronaviruses and related betacoronaviruses in the A lineage; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the embecovirus subgenus (A lineage), including highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs), HKU1 and OC43 CoVs, as well as murine hepatitis virus (MHV). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of MHV is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411967 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 663 Bit Score: 332.51 E-value: 3.81e-99
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| SARS-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2 | cd22378 | SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) ... |
668-1302 | 6.69e-94 | |||||||||||
SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and related betacoronaviruses in the B lineage; This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the sarbecovirus subgenus (B lineage), including highly pathogenic human CoVs such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 (also known as a 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV). The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Three S1/S2 heterodimers assemble to form a trimer spike protruding from the viral envelope. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. Depending on the virus, either the NTD or the C-domain can serve as the receptor-binding domain (RBD). While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). After binding of the S1 subunit RBD on the virion to its receptor on the target cell, the HR1 and HR2 domains interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core, bringing viral and cellular membranes into close proximity for fusion and infection. In order to catalyze the membrane fusion reaction, CoV S needs to be primed through cleavage at the S1/S2 and S2' sites. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site through the insertion of PRRAR*SV (* indicates the cleavage site) at the S1/S2 interface, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses. The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Pssm-ID: 411965 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 662 Bit Score: 317.71 E-value: 6.69e-94
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| CoV_S1_C | pfam19209 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal; This entry represents a domain found at the ... |
659-715 | 3.83e-23 | |||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal; This entry represents a domain found at the C-terminus of the Coronavirus S1 protein. It is found across a range of alpha, beta and gamma coronaviruses. This small all beta stranded domain is known as subdomain 2 in the structure of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. Pssm-ID: 437047 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 57 Bit Score: 93.45 E-value: 3.83e-23
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| CoV_S2_C | pfam19214 | Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich ... |
1346-1387 | 1.21e-10 | |||||||||||
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion; This entry represents the cysteine rich intravirion region found at the C-terminus of coronavirus spike proteins (S). These cysteine residues are targets for palmitoylation, necessary for efficiently S incorporation into virions and S-mediated membrane fusions. Pssm-ID: 465998 Cd Length: 42 Bit Score: 57.81 E-value: 1.21e-10
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| CwlO1 | COG3883 | Uncharacterized N-terminal coiled-coil domain of peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlO [Function ... |
965-1133 | 1.29e-04 | |||||||||||
Uncharacterized N-terminal coiled-coil domain of peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlO [Function unknown]; Pssm-ID: 443091 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 379 Bit Score: 45.98 E-value: 1.29e-04
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| Tar | COG0840 | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
1005-1077 | 2.71e-04 | |||||||||||
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 440602 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 533 Bit Score: 45.40 E-value: 2.71e-04
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| Tar | COG0840 | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
1004-1083 | 2.68e-03 | |||||||||||
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 440602 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 533 Bit Score: 41.93 E-value: 2.68e-03
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