Chemokine: small cytokines, including a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; distinguished from other cytokines by their receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors; divided into 4 subfamilies based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; some members can bind multiple receptors and many chemokine receptors can bind more than one chemokine; this redundancy allows precise control in stimulating the immune system and in contributing to the homeostasis of a cell; when expressed inappropriately, chemokines play a role in autoimmune diseases, vascular irregularities, graft rejection, neoplasia, and allergies; exist as monomers, dimers and multimers, but are believed to function as monomers; found only in vertebrates and a few viruses. See CDs: Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for chemokine subgroups.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 805489803  1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDLE 26
Cdd:cd00272  32 FKTKRGREVCADPKQKWVQRYMKLLD 57

Chemokine_CC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; some members (e.g. 2HCC) contain an additional disulfide bond which is thought to compensate for the highly conserved Trp missing in these; chemotatic for monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and T cells, but not neutrophils; exist as monomers and dimers, but are believed to be functional as monomers; found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; a subgroup of CC, identified by an N-terminal DCCL motif (Exodus-1, Exodus-2, and Exodus-3), has been shown to inhibit specific types of human cancer cell growth in a mouse model. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for the additional chemokine subgroups, and Chemokine_CC_DCCL for the DCCL subgroup of this CD.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 805489803  1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDLE 26
Cdd:cd00272  32 FKTKRGREVCADPKQKWVQRYMKLLD 57

Intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC); Family of cytokines involved in cell-specific chemotaxis, mediation of cell growth, and the inflammatory response.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 805489803    1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDL 25
Cdd:smart00199 35 FTTKKGRKVCADPKAKWVQRYIKKL 59

Chemokine_CC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; some members (e.g. 2HCC) contain an additional disulfide bond which is thought to compensate for the highly conserved Trp missing in these; chemotatic for monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and T cells, but not neutrophils; exist as monomers and dimers, but are believed to be functional as monomers; found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; a subgroup of CC, identified by an N-terminal DCCL motif (Exodus-1, Exodus-2, and Exodus-3), has been shown to inhibit specific types of human cancer cell growth in a mouse model. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for the additional chemokine subgroups, and Chemokine_CC_DCCL for the DCCL subgroup of this CD.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 805489803  1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDLE 26
Cdd:cd00272  32 FKTKRGREVCADPKQKWVQRYMKLLD 57

Intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC); Family of cytokines involved in cell-specific chemotaxis, mediation of cell growth, and the inflammatory response.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 805489803    1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDL 25
Cdd:smart00199 35 FTTKKGRKVCADPKAKWVQRYIKKL 59

Chemokine_C, C or lymphotactin subgroup, 1 of 4 subgroup designations of chemokines based on the arrangement of two N-terminal, conserved cysteine residues. Most of the known chemokines (cd00169) belong to either the CC (cd00272) or CXC (cd00273) subclass. The two other subclasses each have a single known member: fractalkine for the CX3C (cd00274) class and lymphotactin for the C (cd00271) class. Chemokine_Cs differ structurally since they contain only one of the two disulfide bridges that are conserved in all other chemokines and they possess a unique C-terminal extension, which is required for biological activity and thought to play a role in receptor binding. Lymphotactin, a mediator of mucosal immunity, has been found to chemoattract neutrophils and B cells through the XCR1 receptor and thought to be a factor in acute allograft rejection and inflammatory bowel disease.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 805489803  1 FITKKGYPICANPRDGWVQDYIKDLEEK 28
Cdd:cd00271  39 FITKRGLKICADPQAKWVKSAVKTIDRR 66