protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:cd20858  7 PHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCLQR 60

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Munc13-1 and similar proteins; Munc13-1, also called protein unc-13 homolog A (Unc13A), is a diacylglycerol (DAG) receptor that plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. It is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Loss of MUNC13-1 function causes microcephaly, cortical hyperexcitability, and fatal myasthenia. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:cd20858  7 PHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCLQR 60

Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain); This domain is also known as the Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 66360684   14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:pfam00130  1 HHFVHRNFKQPTFCDHCGEFLWGLGKQGLKCSWCKLNVHKRCHEKVPPECGCD 53

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Munc13-1 and similar proteins; Munc13-1, also called protein unc-13 homolog A (Unc13A), is a diacylglycerol (DAG) receptor that plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. It is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Loss of MUNC13-1 function causes microcephaly, cortical hyperexcitability, and fatal myasthenia. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:cd20858  7 PHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCLQR 60

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Munc13-2, Munc13-3 and similar proteins; Munc13-2, also called protein unc-13 homolog B (Unc13B), plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. It is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Munc13-2 is essential for normal release probability at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Munc13-3 is almost exclusively expressed in the cerebellum. It acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a critical role in the formation of release sites with calcium channel nanodomains. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20859 20 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCSECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 69

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the RAS guanyl-releasing protein (RASGRP) family; The RASGRP family includes RASGRP1-4. They function as cation-, usually calcium-, and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. RASGRP1, also called calcium and DAG-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor II (CalDAG-GEFII) or Ras guanyl-releasing protein, activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade and regulates T-cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. RASGRP1 also regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways. RASGRP2, also called calcium and DAG-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI), Cdc25-like protein (CDC25L), or F25B3.3 kinase-like protein, specifically activates Rap and may also activate other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. RASGRP2 is involved in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation, as well as in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. RASGRP3, also called calcium and DAG-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor III (CalDAG-GEFIII), or guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1, is a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activating H-Ras, R-Ras and Ras-associated protein-1/2. It functions as an important mediator of signaling downstream from receptor coupled phosphoinositide turnover in B and T cells. RASGRP4 may function in mast cell differentiation. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCK 64
Cdd:cd20808  1 KHNFQETTYFKPTFCDHCTGLLWGLIKQGYKCKDCGINCHKHCKDLVVVECR 52

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 (RASGRP4) and similar proteins; RASGRP4 functions as a cation- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. It may function in mast cell differentiation. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCK 64
Cdd:cd20863  3 LHNFHETTFKKPTFCDSCSGFLWGVTKQGYRCQDCGINCHKHCKDQVDVECK 54

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684    14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:smart00109  1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSIWGSFKQGLRCSECKVKCHKKCADKVPKAC 50

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd00029  1 HRFVPTTFSSPTFCDVCGKLIWGLFKQGLKCSDCGLVCHKKCLDKAPSPC 50

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) theta, delta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-theta is selectively expressed in T-cells and plays an important and non-redundant role in several aspects of T-cell biology. PKC-delta plays a role in cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death in many cell types. Members of this family contain two copies of C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20837  1 HRFKVYNYMSPTFCDHCGSLLWGLFRQGLKCEECGMNVHHKCQKKVANLC 50

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC), novel protein kinase C (nPKC), and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. PKCs undergo three phosphorylations in order to take mature forms. In addition, cPKCs depend on calcium, DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol), and in most cases, phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG and PS for activity, while atypical PKCs (aPKCs) only require PS. PKCs phosphorylate and modify the activities of a wide variety of cellular proteins including receptors, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, and other kinases. They play a central role in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell migration and polarity, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This family includes classical PKCs (cPKCs) and novel PKCs (nPKCs). There are four cPKC isoforms (named alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma) and four nPKC isoforms (delta, epsilon, eta, and theta). Members of this family contain two copies of C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20793  1 HKFKVHTYYSPTFCDHCGSLLYGLVRQGLKCKDCGMNVHHRCKENVPHLC 50

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in protein kinase D2 (PKD2) and similar proteins; PKD2, also called PRKD2, HSPC187, or serine/threonine-protein kinase D2 (nPKC-D2), is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, oxidative stress-induced NF-kappa-B activation, inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression, signaling downstream of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and cytokine production, and plays a role in Golgi membrane trafficking, angiogenesis, secretory granule release and cell adhesion. PKD2 contains N-terminal tandem cysteine-rich zinc binding C1 (PKC conserved region 1), central PH (Pleckstrin Homology), and C-terminal catalytic kinase domains. This model corresponds to the second C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20843 12 HTFVIHSYTRPTVCQFCKKLLKGLFRQGLQCKDCKFNCHKRCATRVPNDC 61

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. cPKCs are potent kinases for histones, myelin basic protein, and protamine. They depend on calcium, DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol), and in most cases, phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. There are four cPKC isoforms, named alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma. PKC-alpha is expressed in many tissues and is associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell motility. It plays a role in the signaling of the growth factors PDGF, VEGF, EGF, and FGF. Abnormal levels of PKC-alpha have been detected in many transformed cell lines and several human tumors. In addition, PKC-alpha is required for HER2 dependent breast cancer invasion. The PKC beta isoforms (I and II), generated by alternative splicing of a single gene, are preferentially activated by hyperglycemia-induced DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) in retinal tissues. This is implicated in diabetic microangiopathy such as ischemia, neovascularization, and abnormal vasodilator function. PKC-beta also plays an important role in VEGF signaling. In addition, glucose regulates proliferation in retinal endothelial cells via PKC-betaI. PKC-beta is also being explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. It contributes to tumor formation and is involved in the tumor host mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis. PKC-gamma is mainly expressed in neuronal tissues. It plays a role in protection from ischemia. Members of this family contain two copies of C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQ 56
Cdd:cd20836  1 HKFKVHTYSSPTFCDHCGSLLYGLIHQGMKCDTCDMNVHKRCV 43

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in beta-chimaerin and similar proteins; Beta-chimaerin, also called beta-chimerin (BCH) or Rho GTPase-activating protein 3 (ARHGAP3), is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for p21-rac. Insufficient expression of beta-2 chimaerin is expected to lead to higher Rac activity and could therefore play a role in the progression from low-grade to high-grade tumors. Beta-chimaerin contains a functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine motifs within receptors, a GAP domain with specificity in vitro for Rac1 and a diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain which allows them to translocate to membranes in response to DAG signaling and anchors them in close proximity to activated Rac. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCK 64
Cdd:cd20857  6 HNFKVHTFRGPHWCEYCANFMWGLIAQGVRCSDCGLNVHKQCSKHVPNDCQ 56

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) family; MRCK is thought to be a coincidence detector of signaling by the small GTPase Cdc42 and phosphoinositides. MRCK/Cdc42 signaling mediates myosin-dependent cell motility. MRCK has been shown to promote cytoskeletal reorganization, which affects many biological processes. Three isoforms of MRCK are known, named alpha, beta and gamma. MRCKgamma is expressed in heart and skeletal muscles, unlike MRCKalpha and MRCKbeta, which are expressed ubiquitously. MRCK consists of a serine/threonine kinase domain, a cysteine rich (C1) region, a PH domain and a p21 binding motif. This model corresponds to C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQD 57
Cdd:cd20809  1 HKFIVRTFSTPTKCNHCTSLMVGLVRQGLVCEVCGYACHVSCAD 44

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type V diacylglycerol kinase, DAG kinase theta, and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase theta, also called diglyceride kinase theta (DGK-theta), is the only isoform classified as type V; it contains a pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain and an additional C1 domain, compared to other DGKs. It may regulate the activity of protein kinase C by controlling the balance between the two signaling lipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase theta contains three copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20803  2 HSFRKKTFHKPTYCHHCTDLLWGLLNQGYQCEVCNFVSHERCLKTVVTPC 51

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe protein BZZ1 and similar proteins; BZZ1 is a syndapin-like F-BAR protein that plays a role in endocytosis and trafficking to the vacuole. It functions with type I myosins to restore polarity of the actin cytoskeleton after NaCl stress. BZZ1 contains an N-terminal F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs), a central coiled-coil, and two C-terminal SH3 domains. Schizosaccharomyces pombe BZZ1 also harbors a C1 domain, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae BZZ1 doesn't have any. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20824  1 PHNFKPHSFSIPTKCDYCGEKIWGLSKKGLSCKDCGFNCHIKCELKVPPEC 51

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in alpha-chimaerin and similar proteins; Alpha-chimaerin, also called A-chimaerin, N-chimaerin (CHN), alpha-chimerin, N-chimerin (NC), or Rho GTPase-activating protein 2 (ARHGAP2), is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for p21-rac and a phorbol ester receptor. It is involved in the assembly of neuronal locomotor circuits as a direct effector of EPHA4 in axon guidance. Alpha-chimaerin contains a functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine motifs within receptors, a GAP domain with specificity in vitro for Rac1 and a diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain which allows them to translocate to membranes in response to DAG signaling and anchors them in close proximity to activated Rac. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCK 64
Cdd:cd20856  6 HNFKVHTFRGPHWCEYCANFMWGLIAQGVKCADCGLNVHKQCSKMVPNDCK 56

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) epsilon, eta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-epsilon has been shown to behave as an oncoprotein. Its overexpression contributes to neoplastic transformation depending on the cell type. It contributes to oncogenesis by inducing disordered cell growth and inhibiting cell death. It also plays a role in tumor invasion and metastasis. PKC-epsilon has also been found to confer cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion-mediated damage. Other cellular functions include the regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, and cell motility. PKC-eta is predominantly expressed in squamous epithelia, where it plays a crucial role in the signaling of cell-type specific differentiation. It is also expressed in pro-B cells and early-stage thymocytes, and acts as a key regulator in early B-cell development. PKC-eta increases glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) proliferation and resistance to radiation, and is being developed as a therapeutic target for the management of GBM. Members of this family contain two copies of C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:cd20838  3 HRFSVHNYKRPTFCDHCGSLLYGLYKQGLQCKVCKMNVHKRCQKNVANNCGVN 55

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in VAV proteins; VAV proteins function both as cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho GTPases and as scaffold proteins, and they play important roles in cell signaling by coupling cell surface receptors to various effector functions. They play key roles in processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization including immune synapse formation, phagocytosis, cell spreading, and platelet aggregation, among others. Vertebrates have three VAV proteins (VAV1, VAV2, and VAV3). VAV proteins contain several domains that enable their function: N-terminal calponin homology (CH), acidic, RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin Homology (PH), C1 (zinc finger), SH2, and two SH3 domains. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 66360684 13 QHNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKC 55
Cdd:cd20810  2 GHSFELTTFKEPTTCSVCKKLLKGLFFQGYKCSVCGAAVHKEC 44

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in protein kinase D3 (PKD3) and similar proteins; PKD3 is also called PRKD3, PRKCN, serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 (nPKC-D3), protein kinase C nu type (nPKC-nu), or protein kinase EPK2. It converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. It is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle by modulating microtubule nucleation and dynamics. PKD3 acts as a key mediator in several cancer development signaling pathways. PKD3 contains N-terminal tandem cysteine-rich zinc binding C1 (PKC conserved region 1), central PH (Pleckstrin Homology), and C-terminal catalytic kinase domains. This model corresponds to the first C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20841 11 HTLYVHSYKAPTFCDYCGEMLWGLVRQGLKCEGCGLNYHKRCAFKIPNNC 60

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) theta, delta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-theta is selectively expressed in T-cells and plays an important and non-redundant role in several aspects of T-cell biology. PKC-delta plays a role in cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death in many cell types. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 66360684 23 TPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20834 17 QPTFCSVCKEFLWGFNKQGYQCRQCNAAVHKKCHDKILGKC 57

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in protein kinase D (PKD) and similar proteins; PKD is also called PKD1, PRKD1, protein kinase C mu type (nPKC-mu), PRKCM, serine/threonine-protein kinase D1, or nPKC-D1. It is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory response. PKD contains N-terminal tandem cysteine-rich zinc binding C1 (PKC conserved region 1), central PH (Pleckstrin Homology), and C-terminal catalytic kinase domains. This model corresponds to the first C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                       10        20        30        40        50
               ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20839  8 HALFVHSYRAPAFCDHCGEMLWGLVRQGLKCEGCGLNYHKRCAFKIPNNC 57

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the Ras association domain-containing protein 1 (RASSF1)-like family; The RASSF1-like family includes RASSF1 and RASSF5. RASSF1 and RASSF5 are members of a family of RAS effectors, of which there are currently 8 members (RASSF1-8), all containing a Ras-association (RA) domain of the Ral-GDS/AF6 type. RASSF1 has eight transcripts (A-H) arising from alternative splicing and differential promoter usage. RASSF1A and 1C are the most extensively studied RASSF1; both are localized to microtubules and involved in the regulation of growth and migration. RASSF1 is a potential tumor suppressor that is required for death receptor-dependent apoptosis. RASSF5, also called new ras effector 1 (NORE1), or regulator for cell adhesion and polarization enriched in lymphoid tissues (RAPL), is expressed as three transcripts (A-C) via differential promoter usage and alternative splicing. RASSF5A is a pro-apoptotic Ras effector and functions as a Ras regulated tumor suppressor. RASSF5C is regulated by Ras related protein and modulates cellular adhesion. RASSF5 is a potential tumor suppressor that seems to be involved in lymphocyte adhesion by linking RAP1A activation upon T-cell receptor or chemokine stimulation to integrin activation. RASSF1 and RASSF5 contain a C1 domain, which is descibed in this model. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20820  2 HRFVPLELEQPTWCDLCGSVILGLFRKCLRCANCKMTCHPRCRSLVCLTC 51

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Caenorhabditis elegans serine/threonine-protein kinase DKF-1 and similar proteins; DKF-1 converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, independently of PKC. It plays a role in the regulation of growth and neuromuscular control of movement. It is involved in immune response to Staphylococcus aureus bacterium by activating transcription factor hlh-30 downstream of phospholipase plc-1. Members of this group contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKC 55
Cdd:cd20797  4 HVVEVEQYMTPTFCDYCGEMLTGLMKQGVKCKNCRCNFHKRC 45

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase beta (MRCK beta) and similar proteins; MRCK beta, also called Cdc42-binding protein kinase beta (Cdc42BP-beta), DMPK-like beta, or myotonic dystrophy protein kinase-like beta, is a serine/threonine-protein kinase expressed ubiquitously in many tissues. MRCK beta is an important downstream effector of Cdc42 and plays a role in the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQD 57
Cdd:cd20865  1 HQLSIKSFSSPTQCSHCTSLMVGLVRQGYACEVCSFACHVSCKD 44

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. cPKCs are potent kinases for histones, myelin basic protein, and protamine. They depend on calcium, DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol), and in most cases, phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. There are four cPKC isoforms, named alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma. PKC-alpha is expressed in many tissues and is associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell motility. It plays a role in the signaling of the growth factors PDGF, VEGF, EGF, and FGF. Abnormal levels of PKC-alpha have been detected in many transformed cell lines and several human tumors. In addition, PKC-alpha is required for HER2 dependent breast cancer invasion. The PKC beta isoforms (I and II), generated by alternative splicing of a single gene, are preferentially activated by hyperglycemia-induced DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) in retinal tissues. This is implicated in diabetic microangiopathy such as ischemia, neovascularization, and abnormal vasodilator function. PKC-beta also plays an important role in VEGF signaling. In addition, glucose regulates proliferation in retinal endothelial cells via PKC-betaI. PKC-beta is also being explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. It contributes to tumor formation and is involved in the tumor host mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis. PKC-gamma is mainly expressed in neuronal tissues. It plays a role in protection from ischemia. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 24 PTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20833 13 PTFCSHCTDFIWGFGKQGFQCQVCSFVVHKRCHEFVTFSC 52

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) iota type; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. aPKCs only require phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. They contain a C2-like region, instead of a calcium-binding (C2) region found in classical PKCs, in their regulatory domain. There are two aPKC isoforms, zeta and iota. aPKCs are involved in many cellular functions including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, polarity maintenance and cytoskeletal regulation. They also play a critical role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. PKC-iota is directly implicated in carcinogenesis. It is critical to oncogenic signaling mediated by Ras and Bcr-Abl. The PKC-iota gene is the target of tumor-specific gene amplification in many human cancers, and has been identified as a human oncogene. In addition to its role in transformed growth, PKC-iota also promotes invasion, chemoresistance, and tumor cell survival. Expression profiling of PKC-iota is a prognostic marker of poor clinical outcome in several human cancers. PKC-iota also plays a role in establishing cell polarity, and has critical embryonic functions. Members of this family contain C1 domain found in aPKC isoform iota. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd21094  3 HTFQAKRFNRRAHCAICTDRIWGLGRQGYKCINCKLLVHKKCHKLVTIEC 52

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the unconventional myosin-IX family; Myosins IX (Myo9) is a class of unique motor proteins with a common structure of an N-terminal extension preceding a myosin head homologous to the Ras-association (RA) domain, a head (motor) domain, a neck with IQ motifs that bind light chains, and a C-terminal tail containing cysteine-rich zinc binding (C1) and Rho-GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) domains. There are two genes for myosins IX in humans, IXa and IXb, that are different in their expression and localization. IXa is expressed abundantly in brain and testis, and IXb is expressed abundantly in tissues of the immune system. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARqGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKLN 66
Cdd:cd20818  4 HKFATVQFNIPTYCEVCNSFIWLMEK-GLVCQVCKFTCHKKCYSKITAPCKGN 55

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase C-like 1 (ScPKC1) and similar proteins; ScPKC1 is required for cell growth and for the G2 to M transition of the cell division cycle. It mediates a protein kinase cascade, activating BCK1 which itself activates MKK1/MKK2. The family also includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe PKC1 and PKC2, which are involved in the control of cell shape and act as targets of the inhibitor staurosporine. Members of this family contain two copies of C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCKL 65
Cdd:cd20823  5 HRFEPFTNLGANWCCHCGQMLPLGRKQIRKCTECGKTAHAQCAHLVPNFCGL 56

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) family; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. aPKCs only require phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. They contain a C2-like region, instead of a calcium-binding (C2) region found in classical PKCs, in their regulatory domain. There are two aPKC isoforms, zeta and iota. aPKCs are involved in many cellular functions including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, polarity maintenance and cytoskeletal regulation. They also play a critical role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. PKC-zeta plays a critical role in activating the glucose transport response. It is activated by glucose, insulin, and exercise through diverse pathways. PKC-zeta also plays a central role in maintaining cell polarity in yeast and mammalian cells. In addition, it affects actin remodeling in muscle cells. PKC-iota is directly implicated in carcinogenesis. It is critical to oncogenic signaling mediated by Ras and Bcr-Abl. The PKC-iota gene is the target of tumor-specific gene amplification in many human cancers, and has been identified as a human oncogene. In addition to its role in transformed growth, PKC-iota also promotes invasion, chemoresistance, and tumor cell survival. Expression profiling of PKC-iota is a prognostic marker of poor clinical outcome in several human cancers. PKC-iota also plays a role in establishing cell polarity, and has critical embryonic functions. Members of this family contain one C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20794  3 HLFQAKRFNRRAVCAYCSDRIWGLGRQGYKCINCKLLVHKKCHKLVKVAC 52

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) epsilon, eta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-epsilon has been shown to behave as an oncoprotein. Its overexpression contributes to neoplastic transformation depending on the cell type. It contributes to oncogenesis by inducing disordered cell growth and inhibiting cell death. It also plays a role in tumor invasion and metastasis. PKC-epsilon has also been found to confer cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion-mediated damage. Other cellular functions include the regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, and cell motility. PKC-eta is predominantly expressed in squamous epithelia, where it plays a crucial role in the signaling of cell-type specific differentiation. It is also expressed in pro-B cells and early-stage thymocytes, and acts as a key regulator in early B-cell development. PKC-eta increases glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) proliferation and resistance to radiation, and is being developed as a therapeutic target for the management of GBM. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGI-ARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20835 10 HKFMATYLRQPTYCSHCKDFIWGViGKQGYQCQVCTCVVHKRCHQLVVTKC 60

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in VAV1 protein; VAV1 is expressed predominantly in the hematopoietic system and plays an important role in the development and activation of B and T cells. It is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation to function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho GTPases following cell surface receptor activation, triggering various effects such as cytoskeletal reorganization, transcription regulation, cell cycle progression, and calcium mobilization. It also serves as a scaffold protein and has been shown to interact with Ku70, Socs1, Janus kinase 2, SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ZAP-70, SLP76, and Syk, among others. VAV proteins contain several domains that enable their function: N-terminal calponin homology (CH), acidic, RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin Homology (PH), C1 (zinc finger), SH2, and two SH3 domains. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKC 55
Cdd:cd20867  7 HDFQMFSFEETTSCKACQMLLRGTFYQGYRCHRCRAPAHKEC 48

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in diacylglycerol kinase eta (DAG kinase eta) and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. It is classified as a type II DAG kinase (DGK), containing pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. The diacylglycerol kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase eta contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 14 HNFEVWTATTPTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADCK 64
Cdd:cd20848 30 HNWYACSHARPTFCNVCRESLSGVTSHGLSCEVCKFKAHKRCAVRATNNCK 80

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in diacylglycerol kinase beta (DAG kinase beta) and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase beta, also called 90 kDa diacylglycerol kinase, or diglyceride kinase beta (DGK-beta), exhibits high phosphorylation activity for long-chain diacylglycerols. It is classified as a type I DAG kinase (DGK), containing EF-hand structures that bind Ca(2+) and a recoverin homology domain, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. As a type I DGK, it is regulated by calcium binding. DAG kinase beta contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. DGK-beta contains typical C1 domains that bind DAG and phorbol esters. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

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gi 66360684 24 PTYCYECEGLLWGIARQGMRCTECGVKCHEKCQDLLNADC 63
Cdd:cd20845 18 PAYCNLCLNMLVGLGKQGLCCSFCKYTVHERCVQRAPASC 57