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Conserved domains on  [gi|63993142|gb|AAY40977|]
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unknown [Homo sapiens]

Protein Classification

acyl-CoA desaturase( domain architecture ID 10131286)

acyl-CoA desaturase removes two hydrogen atoms from a fatty acid, creating a carbon/carbon double bond; similar to acyl-CoA delta(9) desaturase and acyl-CoA delta(11) desaturase

EC:  1.14.19.-
Gene Ontology:  GO:0046872|GO:0016020|GO:0006633|GO:0016717
PubMed:  9767077

Graphical summary

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List of domain hits

 Name Accession Description Interval E-value
Delta9-FADS-like cd03505
The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl ...
 71-159 3.46e-43

The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl CoA desaturases found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, insects, higher plants, and fungi. The delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturases are found in a wide range of bacteria. These enzymes play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism and the regulation of cell membrane fluidity. Acyl-CoA desaturases are the enzymes involved in the CoA-bound desaturation of fatty acids. Mammalian stearoyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and in yeast, the delta-9 acyl-CoA desaturase (OLE1) reaction accounts for all de nova unsaturated fatty acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These non-heme, iron-containing, ER membrane-bound enzymes are part of a three-component enzyme system involving cytochrome b5, cytochrome b5 reductase, and the delta-9 fatty acid desaturase. This complex catalyzes the NADH- and oxygen-dependent insertion of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the saturated fatty acyl substrates, palmitoyl (16:0)-CoA or stearoyl (18:0)-CoA, yielding the monoenoic products palmitoleic (16:l) or oleic (18:l) acids, respectively. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is initiated by delta 9 acyl-lipid desaturase (DesC) which introduces the first double bond at the delta-9 position of a saturated fatty acid that has been esterified to a glycerolipid. This domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain the residues: HXXXXH, HXXHH, and H/QXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the rat stearoyl CoA delta-9 desaturase. Some eukaryotic (Fungi, Euglenozoa, Mycetozoa, Rhodophyta) desaturase domains have an adjacent C-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain.


:

Pssm-ID: 239582  Cd Length: 178  Bit Score: 144.62  E-value: 3.46e-43
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  71 KPLTLLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYRAKLPLRIFLAVANSMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNARRG 150
Cdd:cd03505   1 SWATLVFLVLYYLLTGLGITAGYHRLWAHRSFKAPKPLRIFLAILGSLAGQGSPLWWVADHRLHHRYSDTDGDPHSPKRG 80


                ....*....
gi 63993142 151 FFFSHIGWL 159
Cdd:cd03505  81 FWFSHVGWL 89
 
Name Accession Description Interval E-value
Delta9-FADS-like cd03505
The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl ...
 71-159 3.46e-43

The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl CoA desaturases found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, insects, higher plants, and fungi. The delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturases are found in a wide range of bacteria. These enzymes play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism and the regulation of cell membrane fluidity. Acyl-CoA desaturases are the enzymes involved in the CoA-bound desaturation of fatty acids. Mammalian stearoyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and in yeast, the delta-9 acyl-CoA desaturase (OLE1) reaction accounts for all de nova unsaturated fatty acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These non-heme, iron-containing, ER membrane-bound enzymes are part of a three-component enzyme system involving cytochrome b5, cytochrome b5 reductase, and the delta-9 fatty acid desaturase. This complex catalyzes the NADH- and oxygen-dependent insertion of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the saturated fatty acyl substrates, palmitoyl (16:0)-CoA or stearoyl (18:0)-CoA, yielding the monoenoic products palmitoleic (16:l) or oleic (18:l) acids, respectively. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is initiated by delta 9 acyl-lipid desaturase (DesC) which introduces the first double bond at the delta-9 position of a saturated fatty acid that has been esterified to a glycerolipid. This domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain the residues: HXXXXH, HXXHH, and H/QXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the rat stearoyl CoA delta-9 desaturase. Some eukaryotic (Fungi, Euglenozoa, Mycetozoa, Rhodophyta) desaturase domains have an adjacent C-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain.


Pssm-ID: 239582  Cd Length: 178  Bit Score: 144.62  E-value: 3.46e-43
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  71 KPLTLLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYRAKLPLRIFLAVANSMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNARRG 150
Cdd:cd03505   1 SWATLVFLVLYYLLTGLGITAGYHRLWAHRSFKAPKPLRIFLAILGSLAGQGSPLWWVADHRLHHRYSDTDGDPHSPKRG 80


                ....*....
gi 63993142 151 FFFSHIGWL 159
Cdd:cd03505  81 FWFSHVGWL 89
OLE1 COG1398
Fatty-acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism];
38-188 2.14e-41

Fatty-acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism];


Pssm-ID: 441008  Cd Length: 286  Bit Score: 143.04  E-value: 2.14e-41
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  38 ARGQRQNIVWRNVVLMSLLHLGAVysLVLIPKAK----PLTLLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYRAKLPLRIFLA 113
Cdd:COG1398   7 APPEKGRINWVTVLFFVLLHLLAL--LAAVPYAGvgfsWSAVALALVLYVLTGLGITVGYHRLFSHRSFKTPRWLEYLLA 84

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 63993142 114 VANSMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNAR-RGFFFSHIGWLFVRKHRDVIEKgrklDVTDLLADPVVRIQ 188
Cdd:COG1398  85 ILGALALQGGPLWWVADHRRHHRHSDTEGDPHSPKlRGFWWSHMGWMLREDPTPNDYR----YAPDLAKDPELRWL 156
PLN02220 PLN02220
delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturase
 47-191 3.04e-17

delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturase


Pssm-ID: 177866 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 299  Bit Score: 79.08  E-value: 3.04e-17
                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142   47 WRNVVLMSLLHLGAVYSLVLIpkaKPLTLLWAYFCF-----LLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYraKLP--LRIFLAVANSMA 119
Cdd:PLN02220  28 WTRLDVVRASAVGTVHFLCLL---APFNYKWEALRFglilyIVTGLSITFSYHRNLAHRSF--KLPkwLEYPFAYSALFA 102

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 63993142  120 FQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNARRGFFFSHIGWLFVRKHrdVIEK-GRKLDVTDLLADPVVRIQRNT 191
Cdd:PLN02220 103 LQGDPIDWVSTHRFHHQFTDSDRDPHSPIEGFWFSHVLWIFDTSY--IREKcGGRDNVMDLKQQWFYRFLRKT 173
 
Name Accession Description Interval E-value
Delta9-FADS-like cd03505
The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl ...
 71-159 3.46e-43

The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl CoA desaturases found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, insects, higher plants, and fungi. The delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturases are found in a wide range of bacteria. These enzymes play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism and the regulation of cell membrane fluidity. Acyl-CoA desaturases are the enzymes involved in the CoA-bound desaturation of fatty acids. Mammalian stearoyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and in yeast, the delta-9 acyl-CoA desaturase (OLE1) reaction accounts for all de nova unsaturated fatty acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These non-heme, iron-containing, ER membrane-bound enzymes are part of a three-component enzyme system involving cytochrome b5, cytochrome b5 reductase, and the delta-9 fatty acid desaturase. This complex catalyzes the NADH- and oxygen-dependent insertion of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the saturated fatty acyl substrates, palmitoyl (16:0)-CoA or stearoyl (18:0)-CoA, yielding the monoenoic products palmitoleic (16:l) or oleic (18:l) acids, respectively. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is initiated by delta 9 acyl-lipid desaturase (DesC) which introduces the first double bond at the delta-9 position of a saturated fatty acid that has been esterified to a glycerolipid. This domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain the residues: HXXXXH, HXXHH, and H/QXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the rat stearoyl CoA delta-9 desaturase. Some eukaryotic (Fungi, Euglenozoa, Mycetozoa, Rhodophyta) desaturase domains have an adjacent C-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain.


Pssm-ID: 239582  Cd Length: 178  Bit Score: 144.62  E-value: 3.46e-43
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  71 KPLTLLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYRAKLPLRIFLAVANSMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNARRG 150
Cdd:cd03505   1 SWATLVFLVLYYLLTGLGITAGYHRLWAHRSFKAPKPLRIFLAILGSLAGQGSPLWWVADHRLHHRYSDTDGDPHSPKRG 80


                ....*....
gi 63993142 151 FFFSHIGWL 159
Cdd:cd03505  81 FWFSHVGWL 89
OLE1 COG1398
Fatty-acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism];
38-188 2.14e-41

Fatty-acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism];


Pssm-ID: 441008  Cd Length: 286  Bit Score: 143.04  E-value: 2.14e-41
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  38 ARGQRQNIVWRNVVLMSLLHLGAVysLVLIPKAK----PLTLLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYRAKLPLRIFLA 113
Cdd:COG1398   7 APPEKGRINWVTVLFFVLLHLLAL--LAAVPYAGvgfsWSAVALALVLYVLTGLGITVGYHRLFSHRSFKTPRWLEYLLA 84

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 63993142 114 VANSMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNAR-RGFFFSHIGWLFVRKHRDVIEKgrklDVTDLLADPVVRIQ 188
Cdd:COG1398  85 ILGALALQGGPLWWVADHRRHHRHSDTEGDPHSPKlRGFWWSHMGWMLREDPTPNDYR----YAPDLAKDPELRWL 156
PLN02220 PLN02220
delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturase
 47-191 3.04e-17

delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturase


Pssm-ID: 177866 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 299  Bit Score: 79.08  E-value: 3.04e-17
                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142   47 WRNVVLMSLLHLGAVYSLVLIpkaKPLTLLWAYFCF-----LLAALGVTAGAHRLWSHRSYraKLP--LRIFLAVANSMA 119
Cdd:PLN02220  28 WTRLDVVRASAVGTVHFLCLL---APFNYKWEALRFglilyIVTGLSITFSYHRNLAHRSF--KLPkwLEYPFAYSALFA 102

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 63993142  120 FQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETDADPHNARRGFFFSHIGWLFVRKHrdVIEK-GRKLDVTDLLADPVVRIQRNT 191
Cdd:PLN02220 103 LQGDPIDWVSTHRFHHQFTDSDRDPHSPIEGFWFSHVLWIFDTSY--IREKcGGRDNVMDLKQQWFYRFLRKT 173
Membrane-FADS-like cd01060
The membrane fatty acid desaturase (Membrane_FADS)-like CD includes membrane FADSs, alkane ...
 75-157 1.67e-10

The membrane fatty acid desaturase (Membrane_FADS)-like CD includes membrane FADSs, alkane hydroxylases, beta carotene ketolases (CrtW-like), hydroxylases (CrtR-like), and other related proteins. They are present in all groups of organisms with the exception of archaea. Membrane FADSs are non-heme, iron-containing, oxygen-dependent enzymes involved in regioselective introduction of double bonds in fatty acyl aliphatic chains. They play an important role in the maintenance of the proper structure and functioning of biological membranes. Alkane hydroxylases are bacterial, integral-membrane di-iron enzymes that share a requirement for iron and oxygen for activity similar to that of membrane FADSs, and are involved in the initial oxidation of inactivated alkanes. Beta-carotene ketolase and beta-carotene hydroxylase are carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes for astaxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. This superfamily domain has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of these sequences also reveals three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXX(X)H, HXX(X)HH, and HXXHH (an additional conserved histidine residue is seen between clusters 2 and 3). Spectroscopic and genetic evidence point to a nitrogen-rich coordination environment located in the cytoplasm with as many as eight histidines coordinating the two iron ions and a carboxylate residue bridging the two metals in the Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane hydroxylase (AlkB). In addition, the eight histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the rat stearoyl CoA delta-9 desaturase.


Pssm-ID: 238511 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 122  Bit Score: 57.09  E-value: 1.67e-10
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 63993142  75 LLWAYFCFLLAALGVTAGAHRLwSHRSY-RAKLPLRIFLAVANsMAFQNDIFEWSRDHRAHHKYSETD-ADPHNARrgFF 152
Cdd:cd01060   1 LLLALLLGLLGGLGLTVLAHEL-GHRSFfRSRWLNRLLGALLG-LALGGSYGWWRRSHRRHHRYTNTPgKDPDSAV--NY 76


                ....*
gi 63993142 153 FSHIG 157
Cdd:cd01060  77 LEHYG 81
 
Blast search parameters
Data Source: Precalculated data, version = cdd.v.3.21
Preset Options:Database: CDSEARCH/cdd   Low complexity filter: no  Composition Based Adjustment: yes   E-value threshold: 0.01

References:

  • Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
  • Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
  • Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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