PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    7 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15574    1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD-zinc-finger like domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568     63 VRCELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaASGACMTCNR 142
Cdd:pfam13832    1 VRCCLCPLRGGALKQTSDGRWVHVLCAIFVPEVRFGNVATMEPIDVSRIPPERWKLKCVFCKK-------RSGACIQCSK 73

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    143 HGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEvlEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:pfam13832   74 GRCTTAFHVTCAQAAGVYMEPE--DWPNVVVIAYCQKH 109

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    7 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15574    1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

coiled coil domain of ALL1-Fused gene from chromosome 10 protein (AF10) and similar proteins; This family includes AF10 (ALL1-Fused gene from chromosome 10 protein) which is one of mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1)-fusion partners that function in acute myeloid leukemia (ALL). Aberration of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene is implicated in acute leukemia; chromosomal translocations of MLL1 generate oncogenic chimeric proteins, containing the non-catalytic N-terminal portion of MLL1 fused with many partners such as AF10. The MLL-AF10 fusion oncoprotein recruits DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric-silencing 1-like) to the homeobox A. The aberrant recruitment of DOT1L, a histone methyltransferase that methylates H3 lysine residues (H3K79), by MLL fusions and the resulting H3K79 methylation are thought to affect gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility. AF10 and DOT1L interact through their coiled coil domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 57222568  703 MEQLLEKQGDG--------EAGVNIVEMLKALHALQKENQRLQEQILSLTAKKERLQILNVQL 757
Cdd:cd20901    2 IEQLLERQWSQgqqflleqASQFDVASLLSCLHQLRSENRRLESSISNLQSRRDHLLALNARL 64

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 57222568     119 TCYICEEqgresKAASGACMTCnrHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLlceeevLEVDNVKYcgYCKYH 180
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGK-----PDDGGELLQC--DGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLL------EEEPDGKW--YCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKAASGACMTCNRHG 144
Cdd:cd15672    1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPIILQDVPQDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKASTGACMQCNKSG 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 57222568  145 CRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15672   81 CKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEAGNYSDNVKYCGYCSYH 116

PHD-zinc-finger like domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568     63 VRCELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaASGACMTCNR 142
Cdd:pfam13832    1 VRCCLCPLRGGALKQTSDGRWVHVLCAIFVPEVRFGNVATMEPIDVSRIPPERWKLKCVFCKK-------RSGACIQCSK 73

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    143 HGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEvlEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:pfam13832   74 GRCTTAFHVTCAQAAGVYMEPE--DWPNVVVIAYCQKH 109

Extended PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of PHF14. PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and this non-canonical ePHD finger. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRF-NKTCYICEEQgRESKaaSGACMTCNRH 143
Cdd:cd15674    1 CELCPNRGGIFKETDTGRWVHLVCALYTPGVAFGDVDKLSPVTLTEMNYSKWgARECSLCEDP-RFAR--TGVCISCDAG 77

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568  144 GCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15674   78 MCKSYFHVTCAQREGLLSEATDEEDIADPFYAYCKQH 114

Extended plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, characterized by Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His; PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. The extended PHD finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, which has been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKR------TDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQGreskaasGACM 138
Cdd:cd15571    1 CALCPRSGGALKGggalktTSDGLWVHVVCALWSPEVYFDDGTLLEVEGVSKIPKRRKKLKCSICGKRG-------GACI 73

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 57222568  139 TCNRHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEevlEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15571   74 QCSYPGCPRSFHVSCAIRAGCLFEF---EDGPGNFVVYCPKH 112

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF1. BRPF1, also termed peregrin, or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ) -dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This PHD finger binds to methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me), the bromodomain interacts with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and the PWWP domain shows histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPI-VLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQGreskaaSGACMTCNRH 143
Cdd:cd15701    1 CALCPNKGGAFKQTDDGRWAHVVCALWIPEVCFANTVFLEPIdSIEHIPPARWKLTCYICKQRG------SGACIQCHKA 74

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 57222568  144 GCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCE-EEVLEVD------NVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15701   75 NCYTAFHVTCAQQAGLYMKmEPVRETGangtsfSVRKTAYCDIH 118

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1, Jade-2, Jade-3 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1 (PHF17), Jade-2 (PHF15), and Jade-3 (PHF16); each of these proteins is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, has reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. This family also contains Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO). It is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. All Jade proteins contain a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNG-GWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQgreskaaSGACMTCNR 142
Cdd:cd15671    1 CVLCPKKGGAMKSTKSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPMSRWALVCVLCKEK-------TGACIQCSV 73

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 57222568  143 HGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGL-LCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15671   74 KSCKTAFHVTCAFQHGLeMKTILEDEDDEVKFKSYCPKH 112

PHD-like zinc-binding domain; The members of this family are annotated as containing PHD domain, but the zinc-binding region here is not typical of PHD domains. The conformation here is a well-conserved cysteine-histidine rich region spanning 90 residues, where the Cys and His are arranged as HxxC(31)CxxC(6)CxxCxxxxCxxxxHxxC (21)CxxH.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568     85 HVVCALYIPEVQFA-NVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQGreskaasGACMTCNRHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCE 162
Cdd:pfam13771    1 HVVCALWSPELVQRgNDSMGFPIEdIEKIPKRRWKLKCYLCKKKG-------GACIQCSKKNCRRAFHVTCALEAGLLMQ 73

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    163 EevlEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:pfam13771   74 F---DEDNGTFKSYCKKH 88

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15492    2 CDVCLDGESEDDNEIVFCDG--CNVAVHQSCYGIPLIPEGDWFCRKC 46

Extended PHD finger found in Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Drosophila melanogaster RNO. RNO is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating the transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. RNO contains a canonical PHD domain followed by this non-canonical ePHD domain, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGG-WAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQgreskaaSGACMTCNR 142
Cdd:cd15707    1 CILCPNKGGAMKSTRSGTkWAHVSCALWIPEVSIGCVEKMEPITkISSIPASRWALICVLCRER-------TGACIQCSV 73

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 57222568  143 HGCRQAFHVTCA-----QMAGLLCEEevlEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15707   74 KTCKTAYHVTCGfqhglEMKTILDEE---SEDGVKLRSYCQKH 113

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2B. JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEeqgRESKAASGACMTCNRHG 144
Cdd:cd15714    1 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDERWVHVICAIAVPEARFLNVIERHPVDVSAIPEQRWKLKCVYCR---KRMKKVSGACIQCSYDH 77

                         90
                 ....*....|....*...
gi 57222568  145 CRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCE 162
Cdd:cd15714   78 CSTSFHVTCAHAAGVVME 95

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-2. Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   65 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNG-GWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaASGACMTCNR 142
Cdd:cd15705    1 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKE-------CTGTCIQCSM 73

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568  143 HGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15705   74 PSCITAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRTTLADNDEVKFKSFCLEH 111

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1. Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the Serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and ASA transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   64 RCELCPHKDGALKRTDNG-GWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQgreskaaSGACMTCN 141
Cdd:cd15704    3 KCLLCPKKGGAMKPTRSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGSPEKMEPITkVSHIPSSRWALVCSLCNEK-------VGASIQCS 75

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 57222568  142 RHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYHFS 182
Cdd:cd15704   76 VKNCRTAFHVTCAFDRGLEMKTILAENDEVKFKSYCPKHSS 116

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX3, ATX4, ATX5, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. They show distinct phylogenetic origins from the ATX1 and ATX2 family. They are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACYGIVQV-PTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15495    2 CAVCNEGEDDDNNPLITCNR--CQISVHQKCYGIREVdPDGSWVCRAC 47

PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15680    2 CDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCD--KCNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins; The family of BRPF proteins includes BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2, and BRPF3. They are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15572    4 CCICLDGECQNSNVILFCD--MCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRC 48

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; BRPF2, also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-like protein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15677    4 CCICMDGECQNSNVILFCD--MCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRHC 48

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; BRPF1, also termed peregrin or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)-dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC-ESQERA 60
Cdd:cd15676   10 CCICNDGECQNSNVILFCD--MCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRClQSPSRA 61

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 3 (BRPF3) and similar proteins; BRPF3 is a homolog of BRPF1 and BRPF2. It is a scaffold protein that forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with other regulatory subunits. BRPF3 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15678    4 CCVCLDDECHNSNVILFCD--ICNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRCC 48

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACYGIVQVP----------TGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15561    2 CCVCLGDRSNDADEIIECDK--CGISVHEGCYGVIDESdssssassssTEPWFCEPC 56

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACY-----GIVQVPTGPWFCRKCES 56
Cdd:cd15578    2 CTVCQDGSSESPNEIVLCDK--CGQGYHQLCHnpkidSSVLDPDVPWLCRQCVF 53

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWaENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACYGI---VQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15489    2 CIVCGKGGDL-GGELLQCDG--CGKWFHADCLGPplsSFVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACY-----GIVQVPTGPWFCRKCE 55
Cdd:cd15499    2 CSICGGAEARDGNEILICDK--CDKGYHQLCHspkvrTSPLEGDEKWFCSRCV 52

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX1, ATX2, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX1 and ATX2, both of which are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication. They are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1, also termed protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1 (TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2, also termed protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2 (TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). Both ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhaCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGP-WFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15494    2 CSVCGEDEEYEDNLLLQCDK--CRMMVHMRCYGVLEPPPGAlWLCNLC 47

Extended PHD finger found in retinoic acid-induced protein 1 (RAI1), transcription factor 20 (TCF-20) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the C-terminal ePHD/ADD (ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L) domain of RAI1 and TCF-20. RAI1, a homolog of stromelysin-1 PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-responsive element-binding protein (SPBP, also termed TCF-20), is a chromatin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of gene expression. TCF-20 is involved in transcriptional activation of the MMP3 (matrix metalloprotease 3) promoter. It also functions as a transcriptional co-regulator that enhances or represses the transcriptional activity of certain transcription factors/cofactors, such as specificity protein 1 (Sp1), E twenty-six 1 (Ets1), paired box protein 6 (Pax6), small nuclear RING-finger (SNURF)/RNF4, c-Jun, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Both RAI1 and TCF-20 are strongly enriched in chromatin in interphase HeLa cells, and display low nuclear mobility, and have been implicated in Smith-Magenis syndrome and Potocki-Lupski syndrome.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568   83 WAHVVCALYIPEVQFA--NVLTMEPIVLqyvphDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaaSGACMTCNRHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLL 160
Cdd:cd15668   24 WVHEDCAVWAPGVYLVggKLYGLEEAVW-----VAKQSVCSSCQQ--------TGATIGCLHKGCKAKYHYPCAVESGCQ 90

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|
gi 57222568  161 CEEEvlevdnvKYCGYCKYH 180
Cdd:cd15668   91 LDEE-------NFSLLCPKH 103

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10) and similar proteins; PHF10, also termed BRG1-associated factor 45a (BAF45a), or XAP135, is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator that is required for maintaining the undifferentiated status of neuroblasts. It contains a SAY (supporter of activation of yellow) domain and two adjacent plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERgwAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15529    2 CTKCGDPH--DEDKMMFCD--QCDRGYHTFCVGLRSIPDGRWICPLC 44

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 57222568     119 TCYICEEqgresKAASGACMTCnrHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLlceeevLEVDNVKYcgYCKYH 180
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGK-----PDDGGELLQC--DGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLL------EEEPDGKW--YCPKC 47

Homeobox associated leucine zipper;

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 57222568    721 EMLKALH-ALQKENQRLQEQILSLTAKK 747
Cdd:pfam02183   15 DALKSDFdSLKKENQKLQAELQELKEKL 42

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF1); PHF1, also termed polycomb-like protein 1 (PCL1), together with JARID2 and AEBP2, associates with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF1 is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It acts as a dual reader of Lysine trimethylation at Lysine 36 of Histone H3 and Lysine 27 of Histone variant H3t. PHF1 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. Its Tudor domain selectively binds to histone H3K36me3. Moreover, PHF1 is required for efficient H3K27me3 and Hox gene silencing. It can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 57222568    8 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghACSVAVHQACYgivqVPTGP---------WFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15500    2 CCVCDSETVSPKNPLVNCE--KCHHAYHQECH----VPRVPlesagdgdsWMCRQC 51