C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2); CLECT_REG-1_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. REG-1 is a proliferating factor which participates in various kinds of tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, regeneration of intestinal mucosa, regeneration of motor neurons, and perhaps in tissue regeneration of damaged heart. REG-1 may play a role on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and in the development of gastric cancers. Its expression is correlated with reduced survival from early-stage colorectal cancer. REG-1 also binds and aggregates several bacterial strains from the intestinal flora and it has been suggested that it is involved in the control of the intestinal bacterial ecosystem. Rat lithostathine has calcium carbonate crystal inhibitor activity in vitro. REG-IV is unregulated in pancreatic, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostrate adenocarcinomas. REG-IV activates the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma. Ansocalcin, SCA-1 and -2 are found at high concentration in the calcified egg shell layer of goose and ostrich, respectively and tend to form aggregates. Ansocalcin nucleates calcite crystal aggregates in vitro.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHHgeEEEDVWIGLFRWN--SVWA 80
Cdd:cd03594   1 CPKGWLPYKGNCYGYFRQPLSWSDAELFCQKYGPGAHLASIHSPAEAAAIASLISSYQK--AYQPVWIGLHDPQqsRGWE 78

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 46396750  81 WIDGSKKHYSALDDDD-YPKGKHCAVLDESSGFLSWDNDSCGERNAFICKC 130
Cdd:cd03594  79 WSDGSKLDYRSWDRNPpYARGGYCAELSRSTGFLKWNDANCEERNPFICKY 129

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2); CLECT_REG-1_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. REG-1 is a proliferating factor which participates in various kinds of tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, regeneration of intestinal mucosa, regeneration of motor neurons, and perhaps in tissue regeneration of damaged heart. REG-1 may play a role on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and in the development of gastric cancers. Its expression is correlated with reduced survival from early-stage colorectal cancer. REG-1 also binds and aggregates several bacterial strains from the intestinal flora and it has been suggested that it is involved in the control of the intestinal bacterial ecosystem. Rat lithostathine has calcium carbonate crystal inhibitor activity in vitro. REG-IV is unregulated in pancreatic, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostrate adenocarcinomas. REG-IV activates the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma. Ansocalcin, SCA-1 and -2 are found at high concentration in the calcified egg shell layer of goose and ostrich, respectively and tend to form aggregates. Ansocalcin nucleates calcite crystal aggregates in vitro.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHHgeEEEDVWIGLFRWN--SVWA 80
Cdd:cd03594   1 CPKGWLPYKGNCYGYFRQPLSWSDAELFCQKYGPGAHLASIHSPAEAAAIASLISSYQK--AYQPVWIGLHDPQqsRGWE 78

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 46396750  81 WIDGSKKHYSALDDDD-YPKGKHCAVLDESSGFLSWDNDSCGERNAFICKC 130
Cdd:cd03594  79 WSDGSKLDYRSWDRNPpYARGGYCAELSRSTGFLKWNDANCEERNPFICKY 129

Lectin C-type domain; This family includes both long and short form C-type

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750    22 LPWKRAEAWCRsiRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHhgeeeEDVWIGLFRWNS--VWAWIDGSKKHYSALDDDDYPK 99
Cdd:pfam00059   2 KTWDEAREACR--KLGGHLVSINSAEELDFLSSTLKKSN-----KYFWIGLTDRKNegTWKWVDGSPVNYTNWAPEPNNN 74

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 46396750   100 GKH--CAVLDESSGflSWDNDSCGERNAFICK 129
Cdd:pfam00059  75 GENedCVELSSSSG--KWNDENCNSKNPFVCE 104

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2); CLECT_REG-1_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. REG-1 is a proliferating factor which participates in various kinds of tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, regeneration of intestinal mucosa, regeneration of motor neurons, and perhaps in tissue regeneration of damaged heart. REG-1 may play a role on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and in the development of gastric cancers. Its expression is correlated with reduced survival from early-stage colorectal cancer. REG-1 also binds and aggregates several bacterial strains from the intestinal flora and it has been suggested that it is involved in the control of the intestinal bacterial ecosystem. Rat lithostathine has calcium carbonate crystal inhibitor activity in vitro. REG-IV is unregulated in pancreatic, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostrate adenocarcinomas. REG-IV activates the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma. Ansocalcin, SCA-1 and -2 are found at high concentration in the calcified egg shell layer of goose and ostrich, respectively and tend to form aggregates. Ansocalcin nucleates calcite crystal aggregates in vitro.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHHgeEEEDVWIGLFRWN--SVWA 80
Cdd:cd03594   1 CPKGWLPYKGNCYGYFRQPLSWSDAELFCQKYGPGAHLASIHSPAEAAAIASLISSYQK--AYQPVWIGLHDPQqsRGWE 78

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 46396750  81 WIDGSKKHYSALDDDD-YPKGKHCAVLDESSGFLSWDNDSCGERNAFICKC 130
Cdd:cd03594  79 WSDGSKLDYRSWDRNPpYARGGYCAELSRSTGFLKWNDANCEERNPFICKY 129

C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; CLECT: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. This group is chiefly comprised of eukaryotic CTLDs, but contains some, as yet functionally uncharacterized, bacterial CTLDs. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces, including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. For example: mannose-binding lectin and lung surfactant proteins A and D bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis; P (platlet)-, E (endothelial)-, and L (leukocyte)- selectins (sels) mediate the initial attachment, tethering, and rolling of lymphocytes on inflamed vascular walls enabling subsequent lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. Several CTLDs bind to protein ligands, and only some of these binding interactions are Ca2+-dependent; including the CTLDs of Coagulation Factors IX/X (IX/X) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding proteins, and natural killer cell receptors. C-type lectins, such as lithostathine, and some type II antifreeze glycoproteins function in a Ca2+-independent manner to bind inorganic surfaces. Many proteins in this group contain a single CTLD; these CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers, from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. Various vertebrate type 1 transmembrane proteins including macrophage mannose receptor, endo180, phospholipase A2 receptor, and dendritic and epithelial cell receptor (DEC205) have extracellular domains containing 8 or more CTLDs; these CTLDs remain in the parent model. In some members (IX/X and VWF binding proteins), a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer. A similar conformation is seen in the macrophage mannose receptor CRD4's putative non-sugar bound form of the domain in the acid environment of the endosome. Lineage specific expansions of CTLDs have occurred in several animal lineages including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans; these CTLDs also remain in the parent model.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750  13 NCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIraGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYhhgeEEEDVWIGLFRWNS--VWAWIDGSKKHYS 90
Cdd:cd00037   1 SCYKFSTEKLTWEEAQEYCRSL--GGHLASIHSEEENDFLASLLKKS----SSSDVWIGLNDLSSegTWKWSDGSPLVDY 74

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 46396750  91 ALDDDDYP---KGKHCAVLDeSSGFLSWDNDSCGERNAFICK 129
Cdd:cd00037  75 TNWAPGEPnpgGSEDCVVLS-SSSDGKWNDVSCSSKLPFICE 115

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR); CLECT_DC-SIGN_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR). This group also contains proteins similar to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) and langerin in human. These proteins are type II membrane proteins with a CTLD ectodomain. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. DC-SIGN is thought to mediate the initial contact between dendritic cells and resting T cells, and may also mediate the rolling of DCs on epithelium. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR bind to oligosaccharides present on human tissues, as well as, on pathogens including parasites, bacteria, and viruses. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR bind to HIV enhancing viral infection of T cells. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR are homotetrameric, and contain four CTLDs stabilized by a coiled coil of alpha helices. The hepatic ASGP-R is an endocytic recycling receptor which binds and internalizes desialylated glycoproteins having a terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues on their N-linked carbohydrate chains, via the clathrin-coated pit mediated endocytic pathway, and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation. It has been proposed that glycoproteins bearing terminal Sia (sialic acid) alpha2, 6GalNAc and Sia alpha2, 6Gal are endogenous ligands for ASGP-R and that ASGP-R participates in regulating the relative concentration of serum glycoproteins bearing alpha 2,6-linked Sia. The human ASGP-R is a hetero-oligomer composed of two subunits, both of which are found within this group. Langerin is expressed in a subset of dendritic leukocytes, the Langerhans cells (LC). Langerin induces the formation of Birbeck Granules (BGs) and associates with these BGs following internalization. Langerin binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to glyco-conjugates containing mannose and related sugars mediating their uptake and degradation. Langerin molecules oligomerize as trimers with three CTLDs held together by a coiled-coil of alpha helices.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIraGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISqyhhgeEEEDVWIGLF--RWNSVWA 80
Cdd:cd03590   1 CPTNWKSFQSSCYFFSTEKKSWEESRQFCEDM--GAHLVIINSQEEQEFISKILS------GNRSYWIGLSdeETEGEWK 72

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 46396750  81 WIDGS----KKHYSALD--DDDYPKGKHCAVLDESSGflSWDNDSCGERNAFICK 129
Cdd:cd03590  73 WVDGTplnsSKTFWHPGepNNWGGGGEDCAELVYDSG--GWNDVPCNLEYRWICE 125

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs); CLECT_NK_receptors_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs), including proteins similar to oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) receptor (LOX-1), CD94, CD69, NKG2-A and -D, osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL), dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (dectin-1), human myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL), mast cell-associated functional antigen (MAFA), killer cell lectin-like receptors: subfamily F, member 1 (KLRF1) and subfamily B, member 1 (KLRB1), and lys49 receptors. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. NKRs are variously associated with activation or inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells. Activating NKRs stimulate cytolysis by NK cells of virally infected or transformed cells; inhibitory NKRs block cytolysis upon recognition of markers of healthy self cells. Most Lys49 receptors are inhibitory; some are stimulatory. OCIL inhibits NK cell function via binding to the receptor NKRP1D. Murine OCIL in addition to inhibiting NK cell function inhibits osteoclast differentiation. MAFA clusters with the type I Fc epsilon receptor (FcepsilonRI) and inhibits the mast cells secretory response to FcepsilonRI stimulus. CD72 is a negative regulator of B cell receptor signaling. NKG2D is an activating receptor for stress-induced antigens; human NKG2D ligands include the stress induced MHC-I homologs, MICA, MICB, and ULBP family of glycoproteins Several NKRs have a carbohydrate-binding capacity which is not mediated through calcium ions (e.g. OCIL binds a range of high molecular weight sulfated glycosaminoglycans including dextran sulfate, fucoidan, and gamma-carrageenan sugars). Dectin-1 binds fungal beta-glucans and in involved in the innate immune responses to fungal pathogens. MAFA binds saccharides having terminal alpha-D mannose residues in a calcium-dependent manner. LOX-1 is the major receptor for OxLDL in endothelial cells and thought to play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis. Some NKRs exist as homodimers (e.g.Lys49, NKG2D, CD69, LOX-1) and some as heterodimers (e.g. CD94/NKG2A). Dectin-1 can function as a monomer in vitro.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSirAGAHLASIHTSEEhraiAKFISQYhhgEEEEDVWIGLFR--WNSVWA 80
Cdd:cd03593   1 CPKDWICYGNKCYYFSMEKKTWNESKEACSS--KNSSLLKIDDEEE----LEFLQSQ---IGSSSYWIGLSRekSEKPWK 71

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750  81 WIDGSKKhYSALDDDDYPKGKHCAVLDeSSGFlswDNDSCGERNAFICKC 130
Cdd:cd03593  72 WIDGSPL-NNLFNIRGSTKSGNCAYLS-STGI---YSEDCSTKKRWICEK 116

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in the human proteins, eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) and prepro major basic protein homolog (MBPH); CLECT_EMBP_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in the human proteins, eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) and prepro major basic protein homolog (MBPH). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. Eosinophils and basophils carry out various functions in allergic, parasitic, and inflammatory diseases. EMBP is stored in eosinophil crystalloid granules and is released upon degranulation. EMBP is also expressed in basophils. The proform of EMBP is expressed in placental X cells and breast tissue and increases significantly during human pregnancy. EMBP has cytotoxic properties and damages bacteria and mammalian cells, in vitro, as well as, helminth parasites. EMBP deposition has been observed in the inflamed tissue of allergy patients in a variety of diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rhinitis. In addition to its cytotoxic functions, EMBP activates cells and stimulates cytokine production. EMBP has been shown to bind the proteoglycan heparin. The binding site is similar to the carbohydrate binding site of other classical CTLD, such as mannose-binding protein (MBP1), however, heparin binding to EMBP is calcium ion independent. MBPH has reduced potency in cytotoxic and cytostimulatory assays compared with EMBP.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750  12 GNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRSIRAGaHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHHGEeeedVWIGLFRW----NSVWAWIDGSKK 87
Cdd:cd03598   1 GRCYRFVKSPRTFRDAQVICRRCYRG-NLASIHSFAFNYRVQRLVSTLNQAQ----VWIGGIITgkgrCRRFSWVDGSVW 75

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 46396750  88 HYSA-LDDDDYPKGKHCAVLDESSGFlsWDNDSCGERNAFIC 128
Cdd:cd03598  76 NYAYwAPGQPGNRRGHCVELCTRGGH--WRRAHCKLRRPFIC 115

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins; CLECT_CSPGs: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins (CSPGs) in human and chicken aggrecan, frog brevican, and zebra fish dermacan. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. In cartilage, aggrecan forms cartilage link protein stabilized aggregates with hyaluronan (HA). These aggregates contribute to the tissue's load bearing properties. Aggregates having other CSPGs substituting for aggrecan may contribute to the structural integrity of many different tissues. Xenopus brevican is expressed in the notochord and the brain during early embryogenesis. Zebra fish dermacan is expressed in dermal bones and may play a role in dermal bone development. CSPGs do contain LINK domain(s) which bind HA. These LINK domains are considered by one classification system to be a variety of CTLD, but are omitted from this hierarchical classification based on insignificant sequence similarity.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750   3 CPKGWLDFRGNCYGYFRYELPWKRAEAWCRsiRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHhgeeeedvWIGL--------FR 74
Cdd:cd03588   1 CEEGWDKFQGHCYRHFPDRETWEDAERRCR--EQQGHLSSIVTPEEQEFVNNNAQDYQ--------WIGLndrtiegdFR 70

                ..
gi 46396750  75 WN 76
Cdd:cd03588  71 WS 72

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human collectins including lung surfactant proteins A and D, mannose- or mannan binding lectin (MBL), and CL-L1 (collectin liver 1); CLECT_collectin_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human collectins including lung surfactant proteins A and D, mannose- or mannan binding lectin (MBL), and CL-L1 (collectin liver 1). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. The CTLDs of these collectins bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, or apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis. MBPs recognize high mannose oligosaccharides in a calcium dependent manner, bind to a broad range of pathogens, and trigger cell killing by activating the complement pathway. MBP also acts directly as an opsonin. SP-A and SP-D in addition to functioning as host defense components, are components of pulmonary surfactant which play a role in surfactant homeostasis. Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex which reduces the surface tension within the lungs. SP-A binds the major surfactant lipid: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). SP-D binds two minor components of surfactant that contain sugar moieties: glucosylceramide and phosphatidylinositol (PI). MBP and SP-A, -D monomers are homotrimers with an N-terminal collagen region and three CTLDs. Multiple homotrimeric units associate to form supramolecular complexes. MBL deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to a large number of different infections and to inflammatory disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 46396750  21 ELPWKRAEAWCRsiRAGAHLASIHTSEEHRAIAKFISQYHhgeeeEDVWIGL--------FRwnsvwaWIDGSKKHYS-- 90
Cdd:cd03591  10 EKNFDDAQKLCS--EAGGTLAMPRNAAENAAIASYVKKGN-----TYAFIGItdletegqFV------YLDGGPLTYTnw 76

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 46396750  91 -ALDDDDYPKGKHCAVLdESSGflSWDNDSCGERNAFIC 128
Cdd:cd03591  77 kPGEPNNAGGGEDCVEM-YTSG--KWNDVACNLTRLFVC 112