A-kinase anchoring protein 13 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The Rho-specific GEF activity of AKAP13 (also called Brx-1, AKAP-Lbc, and proto-Lbc) mediates signaling downstream of G-protein coupled receptors and Toll-like receptor 2. It plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Protein kinase A (PKA) binds and phosphorylates AKAP13, regulating its Rho-GEF activity. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, Brx) containing a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. The DH domain is associated with guanine nucleotide exchange activation while the PH domain has multiple functions including determine protein sub-cellular localisation via phosphoinositide interactions, while others bind protein partners. Other ligands include protein kinase C which is bound by the PH domain of AKAP13, serving to activate protein kinase D and mobilize a cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathway. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   848 LVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDPEMV 927
Cdd:cd13392    1 LVRDGPVSLKNTAGRLKEVQAVLLSDVLVFLQEKDQKYVFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGIADPEMV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 4469558   928 EVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINT 950
Cdd:cd13392   81 EVHASSKEERNSWMQIIQDTINT 103

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in A-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP-13) and similar proteins; AKAP-13, also called AKAP-Lbc, breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein (Brx-1), guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lbc, human thyroid-anchoring protein 31, lymphoid blast crisis oncogene (LBC oncogene), non-oncogenic Rho GTPase-specific GTP exchange factor, protein kinase A-anchoring protein 13 (PRKA13), or p47, is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in assembling signaling complexes downstream of several types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It activates RhoA in response to GPCR signaling via its function as a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It may also activate other Rho family members. AKAP-13 plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Its Rho-GEF activity is regulated by protein kinase A (PKA), through binding and phosphorylation. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, and Brx) that contain a C1 domain followed by a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and a PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4469558   404 TVNGHTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKPFTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLASCAKVKMK 460
Cdd:cd20878    4 TLNGHVFSPVSSVGPTQCYHCSKPLNTKDAFLCANCNVQVHKGCRESLPVCAKVKMK 60

A-kinase anchoring protein 13 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The Rho-specific GEF activity of AKAP13 (also called Brx-1, AKAP-Lbc, and proto-Lbc) mediates signaling downstream of G-protein coupled receptors and Toll-like receptor 2. It plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Protein kinase A (PKA) binds and phosphorylates AKAP13, regulating its Rho-GEF activity. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, Brx) containing a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. The DH domain is associated with guanine nucleotide exchange activation while the PH domain has multiple functions including determine protein sub-cellular localisation via phosphoinositide interactions, while others bind protein partners. Other ligands include protein kinase C which is bound by the PH domain of AKAP13, serving to activate protein kinase D and mobilize a cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathway. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   848 LVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDPEMV 927
Cdd:cd13392    1 LVRDGPVSLKNTAGRLKEVQAVLLSDVLVFLQEKDQKYVFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGIADPEMV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 4469558   928 EVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINT 950
Cdd:cd13392   81 EVHASSKEERNSWMQIIQDTINT 103

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases; Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that PH domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   611 RQEVIYELMQTEFHHVRTLKIMSGVYSQGMMADLL-FEQQMDEKLFPCLDELISIHSQFFQRILERKKESLVDKSeknfl 689
Cdd:cd00160    1 RQEVIKELLQTERNYVRDLKLLVEVFLKPLDKELLpLSPEEVELLFGNIEEIYEFHRIFLKSLEERVEEWDKSGP----- 75

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   690 ikRIGDVLVNQFSgenaerLKKTYGKFCGQHNQSVNYFKDLYAKDKRFQAFVKKKMSSSvvRRLGIPECILLVTQRITKY 769
Cdd:cd00160   76 --RIGDVFLKLAP------FFKIYSEYCSNHPDALELLKKLKKFNKFFQEFLEKAESEC--GRLKLESLLLKPVQRLTKY 145

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 4469558   770 PVLFQRILQCTKDNEVEQEDLAQSLSLVKDVIGAVD 805
Cdd:cd00160  146 PLLLKELLKHTPDGHEDREDLKKALEAIKEVASQVN 181

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in A-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP-13) and similar proteins; AKAP-13, also called AKAP-Lbc, breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein (Brx-1), guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lbc, human thyroid-anchoring protein 31, lymphoid blast crisis oncogene (LBC oncogene), non-oncogenic Rho GTPase-specific GTP exchange factor, protein kinase A-anchoring protein 13 (PRKA13), or p47, is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in assembling signaling complexes downstream of several types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It activates RhoA in response to GPCR signaling via its function as a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It may also activate other Rho family members. AKAP-13 plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Its Rho-GEF activity is regulated by protein kinase A (PKA), through binding and phosphorylation. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, and Brx) that contain a C1 domain followed by a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and a PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4469558   404 TVNGHTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKPFTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLASCAKVKMK 460
Cdd:cd20878    4 TLNGHVFSPVSSVGPTQCYHCSKPLNTKDAFLCANCNVQVHKGCRESLPVCAKVKMK 60

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558      848 LVRDGSVFLK--NAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFAsldqKSTVISLKKLIVREVAH----EEKGLFLISMGm 921
Cdd:smart00233    1 VIKEGWLYKKsgGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYK----PKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDpdssKKPHCFEIKTS- 75

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4469558      922 tDPEMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTIN 949
Cdd:smart00233   76 -DRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558      408 HTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKP--FTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLAS-C 454
Cdd:smart00109    1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSiwGSFKQGLRCSECKVKCHKKCADKVPKaC 50

A-kinase anchoring protein 13 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The Rho-specific GEF activity of AKAP13 (also called Brx-1, AKAP-Lbc, and proto-Lbc) mediates signaling downstream of G-protein coupled receptors and Toll-like receptor 2. It plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Protein kinase A (PKA) binds and phosphorylates AKAP13, regulating its Rho-GEF activity. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, Brx) containing a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. The DH domain is associated with guanine nucleotide exchange activation while the PH domain has multiple functions including determine protein sub-cellular localisation via phosphoinositide interactions, while others bind protein partners. Other ligands include protein kinase C which is bound by the PH domain of AKAP13, serving to activate protein kinase D and mobilize a cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathway. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   848 LVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDPEMV 927
Cdd:cd13392    1 LVRDGPVSLKNTAGRLKEVQAVLLSDVLVFLQEKDQKYVFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGIADPEMV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 4469558   928 EVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINT 950
Cdd:cd13392   81 EVHASSKEERNSWMQIIQDTINT 103

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases; Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that PH domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   611 RQEVIYELMQTEFHHVRTLKIMSGVYSQGMMADLL-FEQQMDEKLFPCLDELISIHSQFFQRILERKKESLVDKSeknfl 689
Cdd:cd00160    1 RQEVIKELLQTERNYVRDLKLLVEVFLKPLDKELLpLSPEEVELLFGNIEEIYEFHRIFLKSLEERVEEWDKSGP----- 75

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   690 ikRIGDVLVNQFSgenaerLKKTYGKFCGQHNQSVNYFKDLYAKDKRFQAFVKKKMSSSvvRRLGIPECILLVTQRITKY 769
Cdd:cd00160   76 --RIGDVFLKLAP------FFKIYSEYCSNHPDALELLKKLKKFNKFFQEFLEKAESEC--GRLKLESLLLKPVQRLTKY 145

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 4469558   770 PVLFQRILQCTKDNEVEQEDLAQSLSLVKDVIGAVD 805
Cdd:cd00160  146 PLLLKELLKHTPDGHEDREDLKKALEAIKEVASQVN 181

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ARHGEF18, also called p114RhoGEF, is a key regulator of RhoA-Rock2 signaling that is crucial for maintenance of polarity in the vertebrate retinal epithelium, and consequently is essential for cellular differentiation, morphology and eventually organ function. ARHGEF18 contains Dbl-homology (DH) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains which bind and catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   845 RKKLVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDP 924
Cdd:cd15794    1 RRQLLLEGMLYWKAASGRLKDILALLLTDVLLLLQEKDQKYVFASVDSKPPVISLQKLIVREVANEEKAMFLISASLNGP 80

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   925 EMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINTLNrDEDEGIPSENE 964
Cdd:cd15794   81 EMYEIHTNSKEDRNTWMAHIRRAVESCP-DEEEGLFSEPE 119

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ARHGEF2, also called GEF-H1, acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPases. It is thought to play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. ARHGEF2 contains a C1 domain followed by Dbl-homology (DH) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains which bind and catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   845 RKKLVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDqKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISmgMTDP 924
Cdd:cd13393    1 RRKLIHDGCLLWKTASGRFKDVQVLLMTDVLVFLQEKDQKYIFPTLD-KPAVISLQNLIVRDIANQEKGMFLIS--AAPP 77

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 4469558   925 EMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINTLNRDED 956
Cdd:cd13393   78 EMYEVHAASRDDRNTWMRLIQQTVKTCPSREE 109

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in A-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP-13) and similar proteins; AKAP-13, also called AKAP-Lbc, breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein (Brx-1), guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lbc, human thyroid-anchoring protein 31, lymphoid blast crisis oncogene (LBC oncogene), non-oncogenic Rho GTPase-specific GTP exchange factor, protein kinase A-anchoring protein 13 (PRKA13), or p47, is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in assembling signaling complexes downstream of several types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It activates RhoA in response to GPCR signaling via its function as a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It may also activate other Rho family members. AKAP-13 plays a role in cell growth, cell development and actin fiber formation. Its Rho-GEF activity is regulated by protein kinase A (PKA), through binding and phosphorylation. Alternative splicing of this gene in humans has at least 3 transcript variants encoding different isoforms (i.e. proto-/onco-Lymphoid blast crisis, Lbc and breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein, and Brx) that contain a C1 domain followed by a dbl oncogene homology (DH) domain and a PH domain which are required for full transforming activity. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4469558   404 TVNGHTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKPFTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLASCAKVKMK 460
Cdd:cd20878    4 TLNGHVFSPVSSVGPTQCYHCSKPLNTKDAFLCANCNVQVHKGCRESLPVCAKVKMK 60

rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor; RhoGEFs belongs to regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain-containing RhoGEFs that are RhoA-selective and directly activated by the Galpha12/13 family of heterotrimeric G proteins. The members here all contain Dbl homology (DH)-PH domains. In addition some members contain N-terminal C1 (Protein kinase C conserved region 1) domains, PDZ (also called DHR/Dlg homologous regions) domains, ANK (ankyrin) domains, and RGS (Regulator of G-protein signalling) domains or C-terminal ATP-synthase B subunit. The DH-PH domains bind and catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA. RhoGEF2/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2, p114RhoGEF/p114 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, p115RhoGEF, p190RhoGEF, PRG/PDZ Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, RhoGEF 11, RhoGEF 12, RhoGEF 18, AKAP13/A-kinase anchoring protein 13, and LARG/Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor are included in this CD. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   848 LVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKGLFLISmgMTDPEMV 927
Cdd:cd15789    1 LKFEGTAWLKQARGKTKDVLVVVLTDVLFFLQEKDQKYVFVSPDNKAGVVSLQKLLVREKAGQEKRMFLIS--ASPDGMP 78

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 4469558   928 EVHASSKE---ERNSWIQIIQ 945
Cdd:cd15789   79 EMYELKVQkpkDKNTWIQTIR 99

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in 190 kDa guanine nucleotide exchange factor (p190RhoGEF) and similar proteins; p190RhoGEF, also called Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGNEF), Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28 (ARHGEF28), or RIP2, is a brain-enriched, RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates signaling pathways downstream of integrins and growth factor receptors. It is involved in axonal branching, synapse formation and dendritic morphogenesis, as well as in focal adhesion formation, cell motility and B-lymphocytes activation. In addition to the Dbl homology (DH)-PH domain, p190RhoGEF contains an N-terminal C1 (Protein kinase C conserved region 1) domain. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 4469558   405 VNGHTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKPFTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLASCakVKMKQPK 463
Cdd:cd20876    5 SNGHQFVTGSFSGPTLCVVCDKPVTGKELLQCSNCTVNVHKGCKESAPPC--TKKLQDK 61

PDZ Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PRG (also called RhoGEF11) belongs to regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain-containing RhoGEFs that are RhoA-selective and directly activated by the Galpha12/13 family of heterotrimeric G proteins. RhoGEFs activate Rho GTPases regulating cytoskeletal structure, gene transcription, and cell migration. PRG contains an N-terminal PDZ domain, a regulators of G-protein signaling-like (RGSL) domain, a linker region, and a C-terminal Dbl-homology (DH) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains which bind and catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA. As is the case in p115-RhoGEF, it is thought that the PRG activated by relieving autoinhibition caused by the linker region. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   838 FAKEDLKRKKLVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIF--------ASLDQKST---VISLKKLIVRE 906
Cdd:cd13391   18 FKNLDLTTRRMIHEGPLTWRISKDKTLDLHVLLLEDLLVLLQKQDEKLVLkchsktavGSSDSKQTfspVLKLNSVLIRS 97

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 4469558   907 VAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDPEMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTIN 949
Cdd:cd13391   98 VATDKRALFIICTSKLGPQIYELVALTSSEKNTWMELLEEAVR 140

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Pleckstrin homology domain; p115RhoGEF (also called LSC, GEF1 or LBCL2) belongs to regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain-containing RhoGEFs that are RhoA-selective and directly activated by the Galpha12/13 family of heterotrimeric G proteins. In addition to the Dbl homology (DH)-PH domain, p115RhoGEF contains an N-terminal RGS (Regulator of G-protein signalling) domain. The DH-PH domains bind and catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558   838 FAKEDLKRKKLVRDGSVFLKNAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKY--------IFASLDQK---STVISLKKLIVRE 906
Cdd:cd14679    1 FKNIDITKKKLVHEGPLTWRVTKDKAIEVHVLLLDDLLVLLQKQDERLvlkchsrtTTPTPDGKqmlSPIIKLNSAMTRE 80

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 4469558   907 VAHEEKGLFLISMGMTDPEMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTINTL 951
Cdd:cd14679   81 VATDRKAFYVIFTWEQGAQIYELVAQTVSERKNWCALISETAGLL 125

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558      848 LVRDGSVFLK--NAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDQKYIFAsldqKSTVISLKKLIVREVAH----EEKGLFLISMGm 921
Cdd:smart00233    1 VIKEGWLYKKsgGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYK----PKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDpdssKKPHCFEIKTS- 75

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4469558      922 tDPEMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTIN 949
Cdd:smart00233   76 -DRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in male germ cell RacGap (MgcRacGAP) and similar proteins; MgcRacGAP, also called Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) or protein CYK4, plays an important dual role in cytokinesis: i) it is part of centralspindlin-complex, together with the mitotic kinesin MKLP1, which is critical for the structure of the central spindle by promoting microtuble bundling; and ii) after phosphorylation by aurora B, MgcRacGAP becomes an effective regulator of RhoA and plays an important role in the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis. MgcRacGAP-like proteins contain an N-terminal C1 domain, and a C-terminal RhoGAP domain. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 4469558   408 HTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKPFT-NKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESL 451
Cdd:cd20821    3 HRFVSKTVIKPETCVVCGKRIKfGKKALKCKDCRVVCHPDCKDKL 47

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558     848 LVRDGSVFLK--NAAGRLKEVQAVLLTDILVFLQEKDqkyiFASLDQKSTVISLKKLIVREVAHEEKG----LFLISMGM 921
Cdd:pfam00169    1 VVKEGWLLKKggGKKKSWKKRYFVLFDGSLLYYKDDK----SGKSKEPKGSISLSGCEVVEVVASDSPkrkfCFELRTGE 76

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4469558     922 TDP-EMVEVHASSKEERNSWIQIIQDTI 948
Cdd:pfam00169   77 RTGkRTYLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSAI 104

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) epsilon, eta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-epsilon has been shown to behave as an oncoprotein. Its overexpression contributes to neoplastic transformation depending on the cell type. It contributes to oncogenesis by inducing disordered cell growth and inhibiting cell death. It also plays a role in tumor invasion and metastasis. PKC-epsilon has also been found to confer cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion-mediated damage. Other cellular functions include the regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, and cell motility. PKC-eta is predominantly expressed in squamous epithelia, where it plays a crucial role in the signaling of cell-type specific differentiation. It is also expressed in pro-B cells and early-stage thymocytes, and acts as a key regulator in early B-cell development. PKC-eta increases glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) proliferation and resistance to radiation, and is being developed as a therapeutic target for the management of GBM. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 4469558   405 VNGHTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCmKPFT----NKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLAS-CAKVK 458
Cdd:cd20835    7 VNGHKFMATYLRQPTYCSHC-KDFIwgviGKQGYQCQVCTCVVHKRCHQLVVTkCPGNK 64

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4469558      408 HTFSSIPVVGPISCSQCMKP--FTNKDAYTCANCSAFVHKGCRESLAS-C 454
Cdd:smart00109    1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSiwGSFKQGLRCSECKVKCHKKCADKVPKaC 50