Sodium/hydrogen exchanger family; Na/H antiporters are key transporters in maintaining the pH of actively metabolising cells. The molecular mechanisms of antiport are unclear. These antiporters contain 10-12 transmembrane regions (M) at the amino-terminus and a large cytoplasmic region at the carboxyl terminus. The transmembrane regions M3-M12 share identity with other members of the family. The M6 and M7 regions are highly conserved. Thus, this is thought to be the region that is involved in the transport of sodium and hydrogen ions. The cytoplasmic region has little similarity throughout the family.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 383832064    1 FSEDLFFIYLLPPIIFNAGFQVKKKQ 26
Cdd:TIGR00840  63 LDSSYFFLYLLPPIVLDAGYFMPQRN 88

sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3; The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) Family (TC 2.A.36)The CPA1 family is a large family of proteins derived from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, blue green bacteria, yeast, plants and animals.Transporters from eukaryotes have been functionally characterized, and all of these catalyze Na+:H+ exchange. Their primary physiological functions may be in(1) cytoplasmic pH regulation, extruding the H+ generated during metabolism, and (2) salt tolerance (in plants), due to Na+ uptake into vacuoles.This model is specific for the eukaryotic members members of this family. [Transport and binding proteins, Cations and iron carrying compounds]

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 383832064    1 FSEDLFFIYLLPPIIFNAGFQVKKKQ 26
Cdd:TIGR00840  63 LDSSYFFLYLLPPIVLDAGYFMPQRN 88

sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3; The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) Family (TC 2.A.36)The CPA1 family is a large family of proteins derived from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, blue green bacteria, yeast, plants and animals.Transporters from eukaryotes have been functionally characterized, and all of these catalyze Na+:H+ exchange. Their primary physiological functions may be in(1) cytoplasmic pH regulation, extruding the H+ generated during metabolism, and (2) salt tolerance (in plants), due to Na+ uptake into vacuoles.This model is specific for the eukaryotic members members of this family. [Transport and binding proteins, Cations and iron carrying compounds]

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 383832064    1 FSEDLFFIYLLPPIIFNAGFQVKKKQ 26
Cdd:TIGR00840  63 LDSSYFFLYLLPPIVLDAGYFMPQRN 88