Bromodomain. Bromodomains are found in many chromatin-associated proteins and in nuclear histone acetyltransferases. They interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3183181  696 LSPANQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 774
Cdd:cd05502   1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181  775 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 802
Cdd:cd05502  81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  149 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 200
Cdd:cd19846   1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in transcription inknown asiary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domain of TIF1-beta is responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3183181   63 LEHCGVCRERLRPERDPRLLPCLHSACSACLGPATPAAANNSGDGGSAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 125
Cdd:cd16765   1 LEHCGVCRERLRPEREPRLLPCLHSVCSACLGPAAPAAANSSGDGGAAGDGTVVDCPVCKQQC 63

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3183181  696 LSPANQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 774
Cdd:cd05502   1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181  775 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 802
Cdd:cd05502  81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  149 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 200
Cdd:cd19846   1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in transcription inknown asiary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domain of TIF1-beta is responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3183181   63 LEHCGVCRERLRPERDPRLLPCLHSACSACLGPATPAAANNSGDGGSAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 125
Cdd:cd16765   1 LEHCGVCRERLRPEREPRLLPCLHSVCSACLGPAAPAAANSSGDGGAAGDGTVVDCPVCKQQC 63

bromo domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3183181     697 SPANQRKCERVLLALFC----HEPCRPLHQLATDSTFSM--EQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLsppYSSPQEFAQDVGRMF- 769
Cdd:smart00297   1 DPKLQKKLQELLKAVLDkldsHPLSWPFLKPVSRKEAPDyyDIIKKPMDLKTIKKKLENGK---YSSVEEFVADFNLMFs 77

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181     770 --KQFNKltEDKADVQSIIGLQRFFETRMNDA 799
Cdd:smart00297  78 naRTYNG--PDSEVYKDAKKLEKFFEKKLREL 107

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3183181    627 ICRVCQK---PGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQ--DVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKsddGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDpaEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3183181     627 ICRVCQKP---GDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCH-LPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:smart00249   1 YCSVCGKPddgGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLgPPLLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

zinc-RING finger domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181     65 HCGVCRERLRPERDPRLLPCLHSACSACLGPATPAAAnnsgdggsagdgamvdCPVCKQ 123
Cdd:pfam14634   1 HCNKCFKELSKTRPFYLTSCGHIFCEECLTRLLQERQ----------------CPICKK 43

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3183181    151 NQCCTSCEDNaPATSYCVECSEPLCETC-VEAHqrvkytKDHTVRS 195
Cdd:pfam00643   3 ERLCPEHEEE-PLTLYCNDCQELLCEECsVGEH------RGHTVVP 41

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3183181  696 LSPANQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 774
Cdd:cd05502   1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181  775 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 802
Cdd:cd05502  81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  149 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 200
Cdd:cd19846   1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1-gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3183181  153 CCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRST 196
Cdd:cd19805   1 VCTSCEDNAPATSFCVECSEWLCDTCVQAHQRVKVTKDHTIRSK 44

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belong to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3183181  207 TVYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDA 249
Cdd:cd19775   1 PLFCPVHPQEPLKLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLLEHKDHKYQFAEEA 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1-gamma); TIF1-gamma, also known as tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33), ectodermin, RFG7, or PTC7, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-gamma is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. It inhibits the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key actor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 family members, TIF1-gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 3183181  204 GERTVYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDAVRNQR 254
Cdd:cd19830   3 GQRPVFCPVHKQEQLKLFCETCDRLTCRDCQLLEHKEHRYQFLEEAFQNQK 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in the transcriptional inknown asiary factor 1 (TIF1) subfamily and similar proteins; The TIF1 subfamily of transcriptional cofactors containing RING-HC fingers includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), and TIF1gamma (TRIM33), which belong to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatin proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). TIF1delta (TRIM66) doesn't have a RING-HC finger and is not included in this model.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3183181   63 LEHCGVCRERLRPeRDPRLLPCLHSACSACLGPATPAAANNSGDGGSAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 125
Cdd:cd16585   1 LDTCAVCKQSFQS-REPKLLPCLHSFCKRCLPPADRAAANPSPSGGAAGQVGVIRCPVCKQEC 62

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-alpha interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta), and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as the vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain the transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53, and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal PHD-Bromo region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3183181  205 ERTVYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDAVRNQRKLLASLV 261
Cdd:cd19828   1 QRPVFCPFHKKEQLKLYCETCDKLTCRDCQLLEHKEHRYQFIEEAFQNQKVIIDTLI 57

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 71 (TRIM71) and similar proteins; TRIM71, also known as protein lineage variant 41 (lin-41), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may play essential roles in embryonic stem cells, cellular reprogramming, and the timing of embryonic neurogenesis. It was first identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a target of the differentiation-associated microRNA (miRNA) let-7 (lethal 7) and therefore part of a heterochronic gene network that controls larval development. In humans, it regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis via modulation of Lin28B protein polyubiquitination. TRIM71 localizes to cytoplasmic P-bodies and directly interacts with the miRNA pathway proteins Argonaute 2 (AGO2) and DICER. It represses miRNA activity by promoting degradative ubiquitination of AGO2. Moreover, TRIM71 associates with SHCBP1, a novel component of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and regulates its non-degradative polyubiquitination. It is also involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the CDKN1A, RBL1 and RBL2 or EGR1 mRNAs by mediating RNA-binding in embryonic stem cells. TRIM71 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  154 CTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRS 195
Cdd:cd19812   2 CSSCDEGNAATSRCKDCNEYLCDNCVRAHQRVRLTKDHFIVR 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66) and similar proteins; TRIM66, also termed transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TRIM66 displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TRIM66 plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TRIM66 belongs to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  208 VYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDA 249
Cdd:cd19794   1 LMCPLHNQEPLKLFCETCDVLVCRSCLLSEHKEHRFKHLDEA 42

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta); TIF1delta, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TIF1delta displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TIF1delta plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TIF1delta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLCHVL 672
Cdd:cd15625   5 CAVCLNGGELLCCDRCPKVFHLSCHVPALLSFPVGEWVCTLCRNL 49

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) and similar proteins; TRIM45, also known as RING finger protein 99 (RNF99), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1)-interacting protein that suppresses transcriptional activities of Elk-1 and AP-1 and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction by inhibiting RACK1/PKC (protein kinase C) complex formation. It also negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B)-mediated transcription and suppresses cell proliferation. TRIM45 belongs to the C-X subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a filamin-type immunoglobulin (IG-FLMN) domain and NHL repeats positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  208 VYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDA 249
Cdd:cd19785   2 VLCPFHPAEELRLFCETCDKPVCRDCVLVEHRGHQCDFTSDV 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) and similar proteins; TRIM45, also known as RING finger protein 99 (RNF99), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1)-interacting protein that suppresses transcriptional activities of Elk-1 and AP-1, and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction by inhibiting RACK1/PKC (protein kinase C) complex formation. It also negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B)-mediated transcription, and suppresses cell proliferation. TRIM45 belongs to the C-X subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a filamin-type immunoglobulin (IG-FLMN) domain and NHL repeats positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3183181  153 CCTSC-EDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRS 195
Cdd:cd19809   2 LCDLCtDGNSSAEYRCFDCSENLCEFCKQAHRRQRKTASHRIIS 45

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3183181    627 ICRVCQK---PGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQ--DVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKsddGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDpaEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 71 (TRIM71) and similar proteins; TRIM71, also known as protein lineage variant 41 (lin-41), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may play essential roles in embryonic stem cells, cellular reprogramming, and the timing of embryonic neurogenesis. It was first identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a target of the differentiation-associated microRNA (miRNA) let-7 (lethal 7), and therefore part of a heterochronic gene network that controls larval development. In humans, it regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis via modulation of Lin28B protein polyubiquitination. TRIM71 localizes to cytoplasmic P-bodies and directly interacts with the miRNA pathway proteins Argonaute 2 (AGO2) and DICER. It represses miRNA activity by promoting degradative ubiquitination of AGO2. Moreover, TRIM71 associates with SHCBP1, a novel component of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and regulates its non-degradative polyubiquitination. It is also involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the CDKN1A, RBL1 and RBL2 or EGR1 mRNAs through mediating RNA-binding in embryonic stem cells. TRIM71 belongs to the C-VII subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3183181  208 VYCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDAVRNQR 254
Cdd:cd19796   2 SYCEIHEHEVLRLYCDTCSVPICRECTMGEHRGHSFIYLQEAVQDSK 48

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3183181    209 YCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFL 246
Cdd:pfam00643   5 LCPEHEEEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEECSVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15532   2 CRVCKDGGELLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLAEIPDGDWFCPRC 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in transcription inknown asiary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta), and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as the vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain the transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of RAR that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53, and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal PHD-Bromo region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181   63 LEHCGVCRERLRpERDPRLLPCLHSACSACL---------GPATPAAANNSGDGGSAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 125
Cdd:cd16764   1 LDTCGVCKQHIQ-SREPRLLPCLHSFCQRCLpqperylmlPAPFSPSPGPRATSSANRQVGVVRCPVCSQEC 71

PHD finger 1 found in autoimmune regulator (AIRE); AIRE, also termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) protein, functions as a regulator of gene transcription in the thymus. It is essential for prevention of autoimmunity. AIRE plays a critical role in the induction of central tolerance. It promotes self-tolerance through tissue-specific antigen (TSA) expression. It also acts as an active regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. AIRE contains a homogeneously-staining region (HSR) or caspase-recruitment domain (CARD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a SAND (for Sp100, AIRE, nuclear phosphoprotein 41/75 or NucP41/75, and deformed epidermal auto regulatory factor 1 or Deaf1) domain, two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and four LXXLL (where L stands for leucine) motifs. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger that recognizes the unmethylated tail of histone H3 and targets AIRE-dependent genes.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15539   2 CAVCGDGGELLCCDGCPRAFHLACLVPPLTLIPSGTWRCSSC 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and similar proteins; Protein PML, also known as RING finger protein 71 (RNF71) or tripartite motif-containing protein 19 (TRIM19), is predominantly a nuclear protein with a broad intrinsic antiviral activity. It is the eponymous component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including DNA damage signaling, apoptosis, and transcription. PML interferes with the replication of many unrelated viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), human foamy virus (HFV), poliovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, EMCV, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). It also selectively interacts with misfolded proteins through distinct substrate recognition sites, and conjugates these proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) through its SUMO ligase activity. PML belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181  153 CCTSCEDNApATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDH 191
Cdd:cd19804   3 MCNRCSESE-AEFWCSECEEFLCRKCFEAHQRFKKRKKH 40

PHD finger 1 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15531   2 CEVCQQGGEIILCDTCPRAYHLVCLDPELEKAPEGKWSCPHC 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger (Bbox2); The B-box-type zinc finger is a short zinc binding domain of around 40 amino acid residues in length. It has been found in transcription factors, ribonucleoproteins and proto-oncoproteins, such as in TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins that consist of an N-terminal RING finger (originally called an A-box), followed by 1-2 B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain (also called RBCC for Ring, B-box, Coiled-Coil). The B-box-type zinc finger often presents in combination with other motifs, like RING zinc finger, NHL motif, coiled-coil or RFP domain in functionally unrelated proteins, most likely mediating protein-protein interaction. Based on different consensus sequence and the spacing of the 7-8 zinc-binding residues, B-box-type zinc fingers can be divided into two groups, type 1 (Bbox1: C6H2) and type 2 (Bbox2: CHC3H2). The family corresponds to type 2 B-box (Bbox2).

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181  209 YCNVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLN-AHKDHQYQFL 246
Cdd:cd19756   1 LCPEHPEEPLKLFCETCQELVCVLCLLSgEHRGHKVVPL 39

Bromodomain, BAZ2A/BAZ2B_like subfamily. Bromo adjacent to zinc finger 2A (BAZ2A) and 2B (BAZ2B) were identified as a novel human bromodomain gene by cDNA library screening. BAZ2A is also known as Tip5 (Transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5) and hWALp3. The proteins may play roles in transcriptional regulation. Human Tip5 is part of a complex termed NoRC (nucleolar remodeling complex), which induces nucleosome sliding and may play a role in the regulation of the rDNA locus. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  738 LDLTLIRARLQEKlspPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMF---KQFNkltEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETR 795
Cdd:cd05503  41 MDFSTIREKLESG---QYKTLEEFAEDVRLVFdncETFN---EDDSEVgRAGHNMRKFFEKR 96

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPAL--QDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15533   2 CDSCGEGGDLLCCDRCPASFHLQCCNPPLdeEDLPPGEWLCHRC 45

PHD finger 2 found in monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ) and its factor (MORF); MOZ, also termed histone acetyltransferase KAT6A, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 3 (MYST-3), or runt-related transcription factor-binding protein 2, or zinc finger protein 220, is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as a coactivator for acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1)- and p53-dependent transcription. It possesses intrinsic HAT activity to acetylate both itself and lysine (K) residues on histone H2B, histone H3 (K14) and histone H4 (K5, K8, K12 and K16) in vitro and H3K9 in vivo. MOZ-related factor (MORF), also termed MOZ2, or histone acetyltransferase KAT6B, or MOZ, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 4 (MYST4), is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator with intrinsic HAT activity. It can interact with the Runt-domain transcription factor Runx2 and form a tetrameric complex with BRPFs, ING5, and EAF6. Both MOZ and MORF are catalytic subunits of HAT complexes that are required for normal developmental programs, such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis, and are also implicated in human leukemias. MOZ is also the catalytic subunit of a tetrameric inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) complex, which specifically acetylates nucleosomal histone H3K14. Moreover, MOZ and MORF are involved in regulating transcriptional activation mediated by Runx2 (or Cbfa1), a Runt-domain transcription factor known to play important roles in T cell lymphomagenesis and bone development, and its homologs. MOZ contains a linker histone 1 and histone 5 domains and two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. In contrast, MORF contains an N-terminal region containing two PHD fingers, a putative HAT domain, an acidic region, and a C-terminal Ser/Met-rich domain. The family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3183181  627 ICRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15527   1 TCSVCQDSGNadnLLFCDACDKGFHMECHDPPLTRMPKGKWVCQIC 46

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3183181  628 CRVC---QKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVP-GEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15525   2 CHVCggkQDPEKQLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTSLPdDDEWYCPDC 47

PHD finger found in protein BS69; Protein BS69, also termed zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 11 (ZMYND11 or ZMY11), is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein acting as a transcriptional co-repressor in association with various transcription factors. It was originally identified as an adenovirus 5 E1A-binding protein that inhibits E1A transactivation, as well as c-Myb transcription. It also mediates repression, at least in part, through interaction with the co-repressor N-CoR. Moreover, it interacts with Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain (TIR)-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1, also named TRIF) to facilitate NF-kappaB activation and type I IFN induction. It associates with PIAS1, a SUMO E3 enzyme, and Ubc9, a SUMO E2 enzyme, and plays an inhibitory role in muscle and neuronal differentiation. Moreover, BS69 regulates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)/C-terminal activation region 2 (CTAR2)-mediated NF-kappaB activation by interfering with the complex formation between TNFR-associated death domain protein (TRADD) and LMP1/CTAR2. It also cooperates with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in the regulation of EBV-derived LMP1/CTAR1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, BS69 is involved in the p53-p21Cip1-mediated senescence pathway. BS69 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a bromodomain, a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain, and a Myeloid translocation protein 8, Nervy and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15537   2 CFECHAPGEVLPCSGCFRVYHSDCLSEDFRPDSTSHWTCPVC 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in transcriptional inknown asiary factor 1 gamma (TIF1gamma); TIF1gamma, also known as tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33), ectodermin, RFG7, or PTC7, belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling, inhibiting the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key actor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 proteins, TIF1gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3183181   62 LLEHCGVCRERLRPER-DPRLLPCLHSACSACLGP-----ATPAAANNsgdGGSAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 125
Cdd:cd16766   1 LLDTCAVCKQSLQSRDaEPKLLPCLHSFCRRCLPEperqlSVPVPGGS---NGDIQQVGVIRCPVCRQEC 67

RING finger, HC subclass, found in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and similar proteins; Protein PML, also known as RING finger protein 71 (RNF71) or tripartite motif-containing protein 19 (TRIM19), is predominantly a nuclear protein with a broad intrinsic antiviral activity. It is the eponymous component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and has been implicated in a wide variety of cell processes, including DNA damage signaling, apoptosis, and transcription. PML interferes with the replication of many unrelated viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), human foamy virus (HFV), poliovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, EMCV, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). It also selectively interacts with misfolded proteins through distinct substrate recognition sites and conjugates these proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) through its SUMO ligase activity. PML belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3183181   66 CGVCRERLRperDPRLLPCLHSACSACLGPATPAAANNSGdggsagdgamVDCPVCKQQ 124
Cdd:cd16579   7 CPGCKAEYK---CPKLLPCLHTVCSGCLEALAEQASETTE----------FQCPICKAS 52

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3183181  627 ICRVCQKPGD----LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQD-VPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15489   1 SCIVCGKGGDlggeLLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPPLSSfVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe SWM histone demethylase complex subunits Phf1 (Phf1p) and Phf2 (Phf2p); Phf1p and Phf2p are components of the SWM histone demethylase complex that specifically demethylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. They function as corepressors and play roles in regulating heterochromatin propagation and euchromatic transcription. Both Phf1p and Phf2p contain a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3183181  627 ICRVCQK---PGD--LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQD----VPGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15502   1 VCIVCQRghsPKSnrIVFCDGCNTPYHQLCHDPSIDDevveDPDAEWFCKKC 52

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3183181  627 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQ--CEFCFHLDChlPALQDVPGEEWSCS 667
Cdd:cd15568   1 ECFRCGDGGDLVLCDFkgCPKVYHLSC--LGLEKPPGGKWICP 41

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM8, TRIM16, TRIM25, TRIM29, TRIM44, TRIM47 and similar proteins; This family includes a group of tripartite motif-containing proteins, including TRIM8, TRIM16, TRIM25, TRIM29, TRIM44 and TRIM47. TRIM8, also known as glioblastoma-expressed RING finger protein (GERP) or RING finger protein 27 (RNF27), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may promote proteasomal degradation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and further regulate interferon-gamma signaling. It functions as a new p53 modulator that stabilizes p53, impairing its association with MDM2 and inducing the reduction of cell proliferation. TRIM16, also termed estrogen-responsive B box protein (EBBP), may play a role in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. It may also act as a tumor suppressor by affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcinogenesis. TRIM25, also termed estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), or ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme TRIM25, or zinc finger protein 147 (ZNF147), or E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25, is induced by estrogen and is particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. It has been implicated in cell proliferation, protein modification, and the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase able to transfer ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. TRIM29, also termed ataxia telangiectasia group D-associated protein (ATDC), plays a crucial role in the regulation of macrophage activation in response to viral or bacterial infections within the respiratory tract. TRIM44, also termed protein DIPB, functions as a critical regulator in tumor metastasis and progression. TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. The TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 3183181  153 CCTSCEDNA--PATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRS 195
Cdd:cd19802   1 LCDFCDPGKalKAVKSCLTCEASLCEIHLRPHLESPALKSHQLVE 45

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 3183181  627 ICRVCQK-----PGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDV---PGEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15578   1 VCTVCQDgssesPNEIVLCDKCGQGYHQLCHNPKIDSSvldPDVPWLCRQC 51

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 2 (UHRF2); UHRF2 (also termed Np95/ICBP90-like RING finger protein (NIRF), Np95-like RING finger protein, nuclear protein 97, nuclear zinc finger protein Np97, RING finger protein 107, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2) was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs,p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. UHRF2 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3183181  628 CRVC---QKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEE-WSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15617   2 CYVCggkQDAHMQLLCDECNMAYHIYCLNPPLDKIPEDEdWYCPSC 47

PHD finger 3 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3183181  628 CRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVP---GEEWSCSLC 669
Cdd:cd15563   2 CCVCKQTGDnsqLVRCDECKLCYHFGCLDPPLKKSPkqrGYGWVCEEC 49