Cellulose synthase; Cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose ...
343-1058
0e+00
Cellulose synthase; Cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues, is the major component of wood and thus paper, and is synthesized by plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. The genes that synthesize cellulose in higher plants differ greatly from the well-characterized genes found in Acetobacter and Agrobacterium sp. More correctly designated as 'cellulose synthase catalytic subunits', plant cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins are integral membrane proteins, approximately 1,000 amino acids in length. There are a number of highly conserved residues, including several motifs shown to be necessary for processive glycosyltransferase activity.
Pssm-ID: 460970 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 715 Bit Score: 1416.06 E-value: 0e+00
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose ...
37-87
1.10e-36
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose synthase A (CesA) catalytic subunits 1-10, and similar proteins from plants; This subfamily includes plant catalytic subunits of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ("rosettes") required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of cell wall formation. CesA1, also known as protein RADIALLY SWOLLEN 1 (RSW1), is required during embryogenesis for cell elongation, orientation of cell expansion and complex cell wall formations, such as interdigitated pattern of epidermal pavement cells, stomatal guard cells, and trichomes. It plays a role in lateral roots formation, but seems unnecessary for the development of tip-growing cells such as root hairs. CesA2, also known as Ath-A, is involved in the primary cell wall formation. It forms a homodimer. CesA3, also known as constitutive expression of VSP1 protein 1, isoxaben-resistant protein 1, Ath-B, protein ECTOPIC LIGNIN 1, or protein RADIALLY SWOLLEN 5 (RSW5), is involved in primary cell wall formation, especially in roots. CesA4, also known as protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 5 (IRX5), is involved in the secondary cell wall formation, and required for xylem cell wall thickening. CesA5 may be partially redundant with CesA6. CesA6, also known as AraxCelA, isoxaben-resistant protein 2, protein PROCUSTE 1, or protein QUILL, is involved in primary cell wall formation. Like CesA1, CesA6 is critical for cell expansion. CESA6-dependent cell elongation seems to be independent of gibberellic acid, auxin, and ethylene. CesA6 interacts with and moves along cortical microtubules for the process of cellulose deposition. CesA7, also known as protein FRAGILE FIBER 5, or protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 3 (IRX3), and CesA8, also known as protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 1 (IRX1) or protein LEAF WILTING 2, are both involved in secondary cell wall formation and also required for xylem cell wall thickening. The biological function of CesA9 and CesA10 remain unclear. CesA1, CesA3, and CesA6 form a functional complex essential for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis, while CesA4, CesA7, and CesA8 form a functional complex located in secondary cell wall deposition sites. All family members contain an N-terminal C4C4-type RING-HC finger and a C-terminal glycosyltransferase family A (GT-A) domain.
Pssm-ID: 438279 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 51 Bit Score: 131.80 E-value: 1.10e-36
Cellulose synthase; Cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose ...
343-1058
0e+00
Cellulose synthase; Cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues, is the major component of wood and thus paper, and is synthesized by plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. The genes that synthesize cellulose in higher plants differ greatly from the well-characterized genes found in Acetobacter and Agrobacterium sp. More correctly designated as 'cellulose synthase catalytic subunits', plant cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins are integral membrane proteins, approximately 1,000 amino acids in length. There are a number of highly conserved residues, including several motifs shown to be necessary for processive glycosyltransferase activity.
Pssm-ID: 460970 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 715 Bit Score: 1416.06 E-value: 0e+00
Zinc-binding RING-finger; This RING/U-box type zinc-binding domain is frequently found in the ...
34-97
1.93e-37
Zinc-binding RING-finger; This RING/U-box type zinc-binding domain is frequently found in the catalytic subunit (irx3) of cellulose synthase. The enzymic class is EC:2.4.1.12, whereby the synthase removes the glucose from UDP-glucose and adds it to the growing cellulose, thereby releasing UDP. The domain-structure is treble-clef like (PDB:1weo).
Pssm-ID: 464209 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 75 Bit Score: 134.78 E-value: 1.93e-37
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose ...
37-87
1.10e-36
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose synthase A (CesA) catalytic subunits 1-10, and similar proteins from plants; This subfamily includes plant catalytic subunits of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ("rosettes") required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of cell wall formation. CesA1, also known as protein RADIALLY SWOLLEN 1 (RSW1), is required during embryogenesis for cell elongation, orientation of cell expansion and complex cell wall formations, such as interdigitated pattern of epidermal pavement cells, stomatal guard cells, and trichomes. It plays a role in lateral roots formation, but seems unnecessary for the development of tip-growing cells such as root hairs. CesA2, also known as Ath-A, is involved in the primary cell wall formation. It forms a homodimer. CesA3, also known as constitutive expression of VSP1 protein 1, isoxaben-resistant protein 1, Ath-B, protein ECTOPIC LIGNIN 1, or protein RADIALLY SWOLLEN 5 (RSW5), is involved in primary cell wall formation, especially in roots. CesA4, also known as protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 5 (IRX5), is involved in the secondary cell wall formation, and required for xylem cell wall thickening. CesA5 may be partially redundant with CesA6. CesA6, also known as AraxCelA, isoxaben-resistant protein 2, protein PROCUSTE 1, or protein QUILL, is involved in primary cell wall formation. Like CesA1, CesA6 is critical for cell expansion. CESA6-dependent cell elongation seems to be independent of gibberellic acid, auxin, and ethylene. CesA6 interacts with and moves along cortical microtubules for the process of cellulose deposition. CesA7, also known as protein FRAGILE FIBER 5, or protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 3 (IRX3), and CesA8, also known as protein IRREGULAR XYLEM 1 (IRX1) or protein LEAF WILTING 2, are both involved in secondary cell wall formation and also required for xylem cell wall thickening. The biological function of CesA9 and CesA10 remain unclear. CesA1, CesA3, and CesA6 form a functional complex essential for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis, while CesA4, CesA7, and CesA8 form a functional complex located in secondary cell wall deposition sites. All family members contain an N-terminal C4C4-type RING-HC finger and a C-terminal glycosyltransferase family A (GT-A) domain.
Pssm-ID: 438279 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 51 Bit Score: 131.80 E-value: 1.10e-36
CESA_CelA_like are involved in the elongation of the glucan chain of cellulose; Family of ...
512-820
1.91e-18
CESA_CelA_like are involved in the elongation of the glucan chain of cellulose; Family of proteins related to Agrobacterium tumefaciens CelA and Gluconacetobacter xylinus BscA. These proteins are involved in the elongation of the glucan chain of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues. They are putative catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase, which is a glycosyltransferase using UDP-glucose as the substrate. The catalytic subunit is an integral membrane protein with 6 transmembrane segments and it is postulated that the protein is anchored in the membrane at the N-terminal end.
Pssm-ID: 133043 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 234 Bit Score: 85.70 E-value: 1.91e-18
Glycosyl transferase family group 2; Members of this family of prokaryotic proteins include ...
761-859
6.74e-07
Glycosyl transferase family group 2; Members of this family of prokaryotic proteins include putative glucosyltransferases, which are involved in bacterial capsule biosynthesis.
Pssm-ID: 433365 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 192 Bit Score: 50.80 E-value: 6.74e-07
CESA_like is the cellulose synthase superfamily; The cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily ...
499-634
2.24e-04
CESA_like is the cellulose synthase superfamily; The cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily includes a wide variety of glycosyltransferase family 2 enzymes that share the common characteristic of catalyzing the elongation of polysaccharide chains. The members include cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, chitin synthase, glucan biosynthesis protein and other families of CESA-like proteins. Cellulose synthase catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues in plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. In bacteria, algae and lower eukaryotes, there is a second unrelated type of cellulose synthase (Type II), which produces acylated cellulose, a derivative of cellulose. Chitin synthase catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from substrate UDP-GlcNAc into chitin, which is a linear homopolymer of beta-(1,4)-linked GlcNAc residues and Glucan Biosynthesis protein catalyzes the elongation of beta-1,2 polyglucose chains of Glucan.
Pssm-ID: 133045 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 43.37 E-value: 2.24e-04
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit ...
37-86
2.81e-04
Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 4 (NOT4) and similar proteins; NOT4, also known as CCR4-associated factor 4, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CNOT4, or potential transcriptional repressor NOT4, is a component of the multifunctional CCR4-NOT complex, a global regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. It associates with polysomes and contributes to the negative regulation of protein synthesis. NOT4 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with a specific E2, Ubc4/5 in yeast, and the ortholog UbcH5B in humans, and ubiquitylates a wide range of substrates, including ribosome-associated factors. Thus, it plays a role in cotranslational quality control (QC) through ribosome-associated ubiquitination and degradation of aberrant peptides. NOT4 contains a C4C4-type RING finger motif, whose overall folding is similar to that of the C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a central RNA recognition motif (RRM), and a C-terminal domain predicted to be unstructured.
Pssm-ID: 438280 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 47 Bit Score: 39.53 E-value: 2.81e-04
Prokaryotic RING finger family 1; RING finger family found sporadically in bacteria and ...
36-82
3.45e-04
Prokaryotic RING finger family 1; RING finger family found sporadically in bacteria and archaea, and associated in gene neighborhoods with other components of the ubiquitin-based signaling and degradation system, including ubiquitin, the E1 and E2 proteins and the JAB-like metallopeptidase. The bacterial versions contain transmembrane helices.
Pssm-ID: 433958 Cd Length: 52 Bit Score: 39.21 E-value: 3.45e-04
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase; ...
508-654
1.25e-03
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase; NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase. Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans during growth under hypoosmotic conditions. Two genes (ndvB, ndvC) are involved in the beta-(1, 3), beta-(1,6)-glucan synthesis. The ndvC mutant strain resulted in synthesis of altered cyclic beta-glucans composed almost entirely of beta-(1, 3)-glycosyl linkages. The periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans function for osmoregulation. The ndvC mutation also affects the ability of the bacteria to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with host plant. Thus, the beta-glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response.
Pssm-ID: 133057 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 236 Bit Score: 41.62 E-value: 1.25e-03
HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type ...
38-84
2.20e-03
HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.
Pssm-ID: 438113 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 41 Bit Score: 36.69 E-value: 2.20e-03
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase; ...
761-824
5.81e-03
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase; NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase. Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans during growth under hypoosmotic conditions. Two genes (ndvB, ndvC) are involved in the beta-(1, 3), beta-(1,6)-glucan synthesis. The ndvC mutant strain resulted in synthesis of altered cyclic beta-glucans composed almost entirely of beta-(1, 3)-glycosyl linkages. The periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans function for osmoregulation. The ndvC mutation also affects the ability of the bacteria to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with host plant. Thus, the beta-glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response.
Pssm-ID: 133057 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 236 Bit Score: 39.69 E-value: 5.81e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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