Recombination-activation protein 1 (RAG1), recombinase; This family is one of the two different components of the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase complex. The RAG complex, consisting of two RAG1 and two RAG2 proteins is a multi-protein complex that mediates DNA cleavage during V(D)J (variable-diversity-joining) recombination. RAG1 mediates DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS). Many of the proteins in this family are fragments. Solution of the structure of the complex of RAG1 and RAG2 shows that each protein dimerizes with itself and each pair then complexes together to from the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase enzyme. The different structural elements in RAG1 for UniProtKB:P15919 are: an N-terminal nonamer-binding domain from residues 391-459; a dimerization and DNA-binding domain from 459-515; an extended pre-RNase H domain from 515-588; the catalytic RNase H domain from 588-719; a ZnC2 domain from 719-791; and ZnH2 domain from 791-962; and a three-helix C-terminal domain from 962-1008.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  254 YSHINKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRELKRQVKAFAEKEEGGDIKSVCMTLFLLALRAKNEHRQADELEAIMQGRGSGL 333
Cdd:pfam12940   3 FLLTNKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRDLKHQVKVFADKEEGGDIKSVCLTLFLLALRAGNEHRQADELEAMMQGRGFGL 82

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  334 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKAVTGRQIFQPLHALRTAEKALLPGYHPFEWKPPLKNVSTNTQVGIIDGLSGLP 413
Cdd:pfam12940  83 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKATSGRQIFQPLHTLRAAEKALLPGFHHFEWQPALKNVSPSCDVGIIDGLSGWS 162

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 260100516  414 LSIDDYPVDTITKRFRYDAALVCALKDMEEEILEGMKAKNLDD 456
Cdd:pfam12940 163 PSVDDQPADTITRRFRYDVALVAALKDLEEDILEGLKEQGLDD 205

RING finger, HC subclass, found in recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) and similar proteins; RAG-1, also known as V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1, RING finger protein 74 (RNF74), or endonuclease RAG1, is the catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. RAG1 is a lymphoid-specific factor that mediates DNA-binding to conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break between the RSS and the adjacent coding segment. It also functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H3, which is required for the joining step of V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that mediates monoubiquitylation of histone H3, an adjacent C2H2-type zinc finger, and a nonamer binding (NBD) DNA-binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 260100516 155 KS*S*QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:cd16530    1 KSVSCQVCEHILADPVQTPCKHLFCRTCILKCLKVMGSYCPSCRYP 46

Recombination-activation protein 1 (RAG1), recombinase; This family is one of the two different components of the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase complex. The RAG complex, consisting of two RAG1 and two RAG2 proteins is a multi-protein complex that mediates DNA cleavage during V(D)J (variable-diversity-joining) recombination. RAG1 mediates DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS). Many of the proteins in this family are fragments. Solution of the structure of the complex of RAG1 and RAG2 shows that each protein dimerizes with itself and each pair then complexes together to from the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase enzyme. The different structural elements in RAG1 for UniProtKB:P15919 are: an N-terminal nonamer-binding domain from residues 391-459; a dimerization and DNA-binding domain from 459-515; an extended pre-RNase H domain from 515-588; the catalytic RNase H domain from 588-719; a ZnC2 domain from 719-791; and ZnH2 domain from 791-962; and a three-helix C-terminal domain from 962-1008.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  254 YSHINKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRELKRQVKAFAEKEEGGDIKSVCMTLFLLALRAKNEHRQADELEAIMQGRGSGL 333
Cdd:pfam12940   3 FLLTNKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRDLKHQVKVFADKEEGGDIKSVCLTLFLLALRAGNEHRQADELEAMMQGRGFGL 82

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  334 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKAVTGRQIFQPLHALRTAEKALLPGYHPFEWKPPLKNVSTNTQVGIIDGLSGLP 413
Cdd:pfam12940  83 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKATSGRQIFQPLHTLRAAEKALLPGFHHFEWQPALKNVSPSCDVGIIDGLSGWS 162

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 260100516  414 LSIDDYPVDTITKRFRYDAALVCALKDMEEEILEGMKAKNLDD 456
Cdd:pfam12940 163 PSVDDQPADTITRRFRYDVALVAALKDLEEDILEGLKEQGLDD 205

RING finger, HC subclass, found in recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) and similar proteins; RAG-1, also known as V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1, RING finger protein 74 (RNF74), or endonuclease RAG1, is the catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. RAG1 is a lymphoid-specific factor that mediates DNA-binding to conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break between the RSS and the adjacent coding segment. It also functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H3, which is required for the joining step of V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that mediates monoubiquitylation of histone H3, an adjacent C2H2-type zinc finger, and a nonamer binding (NBD) DNA-binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 260100516 155 KS*S*QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:cd16530    1 KSVSCQVCEHILADPVQTPCKHLFCRTCILKCLKVMGSYCPSCRYP 46

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 260100516  160 QICEHILADPVETS-CRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:pfam00097   2 PICLEEPKDPVTLLpCGHLFCSKCIRSWLESGNVTCPLC 40

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 260100516  140 LSTKLLAVnYPIDfiKS*S*QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSyCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:TIGR00599  13 LTTPIPSL-YPLD--TSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQPK-CPLCRAE 69

Recombination-activation protein 1 (RAG1), recombinase; This family is one of the two different components of the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase complex. The RAG complex, consisting of two RAG1 and two RAG2 proteins is a multi-protein complex that mediates DNA cleavage during V(D)J (variable-diversity-joining) recombination. RAG1 mediates DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS). Many of the proteins in this family are fragments. Solution of the structure of the complex of RAG1 and RAG2 shows that each protein dimerizes with itself and each pair then complexes together to from the RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase enzyme. The different structural elements in RAG1 for UniProtKB:P15919 are: an N-terminal nonamer-binding domain from residues 391-459; a dimerization and DNA-binding domain from 459-515; an extended pre-RNase H domain from 515-588; the catalytic RNase H domain from 588-719; a ZnC2 domain from 719-791; and ZnH2 domain from 791-962; and a three-helix C-terminal domain from 962-1008.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  254 YSHINKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRELKRQVKAFAEKEEGGDIKSVCMTLFLLALRAKNEHRQADELEAIMQGRGSGL 333
Cdd:pfam12940   3 FLLTNKGGRPRQHLLSLTRRAQKHRLRDLKHQVKVFADKEEGGDIKSVCLTLFLLALRAGNEHRQADELEAMMQGRGFGL 82

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516  334 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKAVTGRQIFQPLHALRTAEKALLPGYHPFEWKPPLKNVSTNTQVGIIDGLSGLP 413
Cdd:pfam12940  83 HPAVCLAIRVNTFLSCSQYHKMYRTVKATSGRQIFQPLHTLRAAEKALLPGFHHFEWQPALKNVSPSCDVGIIDGLSGWS 162

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 260100516  414 LSIDDYPVDTITKRFRYDAALVCALKDMEEEILEGMKAKNLDD 456
Cdd:pfam12940 163 PSVDDQPADTITRRFRYDVALVAALKDLEEDILEGLKEQGLDD 205

RING finger, HC subclass, found in recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) and similar proteins; RAG-1, also known as V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1, RING finger protein 74 (RNF74), or endonuclease RAG1, is the catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. RAG1 is a lymphoid-specific factor that mediates DNA-binding to conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break between the RSS and the adjacent coding segment. It also functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H3, which is required for the joining step of V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that mediates monoubiquitylation of histone H3, an adjacent C2H2-type zinc finger, and a nonamer binding (NBD) DNA-binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 260100516 155 KS*S*QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:cd16530    1 KSVSCQVCEHILADPVQTPCKHLFCRTCILKCLKVMGSYCPSCRYP 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETS-CRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYPCFST 204
Cdd:cd16544    7 VCQEVLKDPVELPpCRHIFCKACILLALRSSGARCPLCRGPVGKT 51

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 260100516 160 QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16449    4 PICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLLESGSIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM21 and similar proteins; TRIM21, also known as 52 kDa Ro protein, 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Ro(SS-A), RING finger protein 81 (RNF81), or Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen (SS-A), is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and a high affinity antibody receptor uniquely expressed in the cytosol of mammalian cells. As a cytosolic Fc receptor, TRIM21 binds the Fc of virus-associated antibodies and targets the complex in the cytosol for proteasomal degradation in a process known as antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN), and provides an intracellular immune response to protect host defense against pathogen infection. It shows remarkably broad isotype specificity as it does not only bind IgG, but also IgM and IgA. Moreover, TRIM21 promotes the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I sensing of viral genomes during infection by antibody-opsonized virus. It stimulates inflammatory signaling and activates innate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM21 also plays an essential role in p62-regulated redox homeostasis, suggesting it may be a viable target for treating pathological conditions resulting from oxidative damage. Furthermore, TRIM21 may have implications for various autoimmune diseases associated with uncontrolled antiviral signaling through the regulation of Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response. TRIM21 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYPCFSTDLvTPVKSFLNILDNL 220
Cdd:cd16596   14 ICLDPFVEPVSIECGHSFCQECISQVGKGGGSVCPVCRQRFLLKNL-RPNRQLANMVNNL 72

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 260100516   161 IC-EHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:smart00184   3 IClEEYLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESGNNTCPIC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVmGSYCPSCWYPCFSTDL 206
Cdd:cd23146    9 ICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHIFCSSCITDSTKV-GSDCPVCKLPYHSQDL 53

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 260100516  140 LSTKLLAVnYPIDfiKS*S*QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSyCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:TIGR00599  13 LTTPIPSL-YPLD--TSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQPK-CPLCRAE 69

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 260100516 160 QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKvMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16514    5 SLCLRLLYEPVTTPCGHTFCRACLERCLD-HSPKCPLC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 125 (RNF125); RNF125, also known as T-cell RING activation protein 1 (TRAC-1), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is predominantly expressed in lymphoid cells, and functions as a positive regulator of T cell activation. It also down-modulates HIV replication and inhibits pathogen-induced cytokine production. It negatively regulates type I interferon signaling, which conjugates Lys(48)-linked ubiquitination to retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and subsequently leads to the proteasome-dependent degradation of RIG-I. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), a family protein of RIG-I. It thus acts as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, and is a direct target of miR-15b in the context of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Moreover, RNF125 binds to and ubiquitinates JAK1, prompting its degradation and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression. It also negatively regulates p53 function through physical interaction and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. Mutations in RNF125 may lead to overgrowth syndromes (OGS). RNF125, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF138 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM). The UIM of RNF125 binds K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains and is, together with the RING domain, required for auto-ubiquitination.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16542    6 VCLEVLHQPVRTRCGHVFCRPCIATSLRNNTWTCPYC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair protein RAD16, Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp16, and similar proteins; Budding yeast RAD16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase RAD16, is encoded by a yeast excision repair gene homologous to the recombinational repair gene RAD54 and to the SNF2 gene involved in transcriptional activation. It is a component of the global genome repair (GGR) complex that promotes global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) by removing DNA damage from non-transcribing DNA. RAD16 is involved in differential repair of DNA after UV damage, and repairs preferentially the MAT-alpha locus compared with the HML-alpha locus. Fission yeast rhp16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase rhp16, is a RAD16 homolog. It is involved in GGR via nucleotide excision repair (NER), in conjunction with rhp7, after UV irradiation. Both RAD16 and rhp16 contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, as well as a DEAD-like helicase domain and a helicase superfamily C-terminal domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 260100516 160 QICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCI---LKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYP 200
Cdd:cd16567    4 GICHEEAEDPVVARCHHVFCRACVkeyIESAPGGKVTCPTCHKP 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Mus musculus tripartite motif-containing protein 43 (TRIM43) and similar propteins; This subfamily includes TRIM43A, TRIM43B and TRIM43C, which are expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos. They contain a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVM--GSYCPSCWYPC 201
Cdd:cd23133    8 ICQGIFMNPVYLRCGHKFCEACLLLFQEDIkfPAYCPMCRQPF 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 38 (TRIM38) and similar proteins; TRIM38, also known as RING finger protein 15 (RNF15) or zinc finger protein RoRet, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins and also catalyzes self-ubiquitination. It negatively regulates Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1beta-triggered Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by mediating lysosomal-dependent degradation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein (TAB)2/3, two critical components of the TAK1 kinase complex. It also inhibits TLR3/4-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by mediating ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) and NAK-associated protein 1 (Nap1), respectively. Moreover, TRIM38 negatively regulates TLR3-mediated interferon beta (IFN-beta) signaling by targeting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF). It functions as a valid target for autoantibodies in primary Sjogren's Syndrome. TRIM38 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSY--------CPSCWYPC 201
Cdd:cd16600   10 ICLQLMTEPVSINCGHSYCKRCIVSFLENQSQLepgletfsCPQCRAPF 58

zf-RING of BARD1-type protein; The RING domain of the breast and ovarian cancer tumour-suppressor BRCA1 interacts with multiple cognate proteins, including the RING protein BARD1. Proper function of the BRCA1 RING domain is critical, as evidenced by the many cancer-predisposing mutations found within this domain. A dimer is formed between the RING domains of BRCA1 and BARD1. The BRCA1-BARD1 structure provides a model for its ubiquitin ligase activity, illustrates how the BRCA1 RING domain can be involved in associations with multiple protein partners and provides a framework for understanding cancer-causing mutations at the molecular level. The corresponding BRCA1-RING domain is on family zf-C3HC4_2, pfam13923.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 260100516  162 CEHILADPV-ETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFkvmGSYCPSCWYPCFSTDL 206
Cdd:pfam14835  13 CTNILREPVcLGGCEHIFCSNCVSDCI---GTGCPVCYTPAWIQDL 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM60, TRIM61, TRIM75 and similar proteins; TRIM60, also known as RING finger protein 129 (RNF129) or RING finger protein 33 (RNF33), is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in the testis. It may play an important role in the spermatogenesis process, the development of the preimplantation embryo, and in testicular functions. RNF33 interacts with the cytoplasmic kinesin motor proteins KIF3A and KIF3B suggesting possible contribution to cargo movement along the microtubule in the expressed sites. It is also involved in spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells under the regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM75 mainly localizes within spindles, suggesting it may function in spindle organization and thereby affect meiosis. Both TRIM60 and TRIM75 belong the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B2-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a PRY domain and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM61 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains RBCC domains only. Its biological function remains unclear.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFK-VMGSY-CPSCWYPC 201
Cdd:cd16607    6 ICLDYLKDPVTINCGHNFCRSCISMSWKdLQDTFpCPVCRFCC 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana proteolysis 1 protein (PRT1) and similar proteins; PRT1, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase PRT1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation, where it specifically recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with an N-terminal bulky aromatic amino acid (Phe). It does not act on aliphatic hydrophobic and basic N-terminal residues (Arg or Leu) containing proteins. PRT1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMG-SYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd23132    7 ICLDLLYKPVVLECGHVFCFWCVHRCMNGYDeSHCPLC 44

Variant RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 (RBBP6) and similar proteins; RBBP6, also known as proliferation potential-related protein, protein P2P-R, retinoblastoma-binding Q protein 1 (RBQ-1), or p53-associated cellular protein of testis (PACT), is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in multiple processes, such as the control of gene expression, mitosis, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis. It plays a role in both promoting and inhibiting apoptosis in many human cancers, including esophageal, lung, hepatocellular, and colon cancers, familial myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). It functions as an Rb- and p53-binding protein that plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and possibly in protein quality control. It acts as a scaffold protein to promote the assembly of the p53/TP53-MDM2 complex, resulting in an increase of MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53, and leading to both apoptosis and cell growth. It is also a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that plays a role in mRNA processing by regulating the human polyadenylation machinery and modulating expression of mRNAs with AU-rich 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Moreover, RBBP6 ubiquitinates and destabilizes the transcriptional repressor ZBTB38 that negatively regulates transcription and levels of the MCM10 replication factor on chromatin. Furthermore, RBBP6 is involved in tunicamycin-induced apoptosis by mediating protein kinase (PKR) activation. RBBP6 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C4C4-type RING finger, whose overall folding is similar to that of the typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. RBBP6 interacts with chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp40 through its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain. It promotes the ubiquitination of p53 by Hdm2 in an E4-like manner through its RING finger. It also interacts directly with the pro-proliferative transcription factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) via its RING finger.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRH-LFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYPCFSTDL 206
Cdd:cd16620    8 ICKDLMKDAVLTPCCGnSFCDECIRTALLEEDFTCPTCKEPDVSPDA 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in ligand of numb protein X 3 (LNX3); LNX3, also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 (PDZRN3), or Semaphorin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 3 (SEMACAP3), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was first identified as a Semaphorin-binding partner. It is also responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of Numb, a component of the Notch signaling pathway that functions in the specification of cell fates during development and is known to control cell numbers during neurogenesis in vertebrates. LNX3 acts as a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation by inhibiting Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. LNX3 also plays an important role in neuromuscular junction formation. It interacts with and ubiquitinates the muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK), thus promoting its endocytosis and negatively regulating the cell surface expression of this key regulator of postsynaptic assembly. LNX3 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, two PDZ domains, and a C-terminal LNX3 homology (LNX3H) domain.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSyCP 195
Cdd:cd16718    9 LCNKVLEDPLTTPCGHVFCAGCVLPWVVQQGS-CP 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM41, TRIM52 and similar proteins; TRIM41 and TRIM52, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, have dramatically expanded RING domains compared with the rest of the TRIM family proteins. TRIM41 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM52 lacks the putative viral recognition SPRY/B30.2 domain, and thus has been classified to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains only RBCC domains. TRIM41, also known as RING finger-interacting protein with C kinase (RINCK), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in cells. It specifically recognizes the C1 domain of PKC isozymes. It controls the amplitude of PKC signaling by controlling the amount of PKC in the cell. TRIM52, also known as RING finger protein 102 (RNF102), is encoded by a novel, noncanonical antiviral TRIM52 gene in primate genomes with unique specificity determined by the rapidly evolving RING domain.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFkvmGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16602    8 ICLDYFKDPVSIGCGHNFCRVCVTQLW---GFTCPQC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSY-CPSCWYPC 201
Cdd:cd16608   11 ICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQCITEHWSRSEHRdCPECRRTF 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in really interesting new gene proteins RING1, RING2 and similar proteins; RING1, also known as polycomb complex protein RING1, RING finger protein 1 (RNF1), or RING finger protein 1A (RING1A), is a transcriptional repressor that is associated with the Polycomb group (PcG) protein complex involved in stable repression of gene activity. RING2, also known as huntingtin-interacting protein 2-interacting protein 3, HIP2-interacting protein 3, protein DinG, RING finger protein 1B (RING1B), RING finger protein 2 (RNF2), or RING finger protein BAP-1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with both nucleosomal DNA and an acidic patch on histone H4 to achieve the specific monoubiquitination of K119 on histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Both RING1 and RING2 are core components of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that functions as an E3-ubuiquitin ligase transferring the mono-ubuiquitin mark to the C-terminal tail of Histone H2A at K118/K119. PRC1 is also capable of chromatin compaction, a function not requiring histone tails, and this activity appears important in gene silencing. RING2 acts as the main E3 ubiquitin ligase on histone H2A of the PRC1 complex, while RING1 may rather act as a modulator of RNF2/RING2 activity. Members of this family contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETS-CRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWYPCFS 203
Cdd:cd16531    6 ICLGIIKNTMTVKeCLHRFCAECIEKALRLGNKECPTCRKHLPS 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF113A, RNF113B, and similar proteins; RNF113A, also known as zinc finger protein 183 (ZNF183), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that physically interacts with the E2 protein, UBE2U. A nonsense mutation in RNF113A is associated with an X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Its yeast ortholog Cwc24p is predicted to have a spliceosome function and acts in a complex with Cef1p to participate in pre-U3 snoRNA splicing, indirectly affecting pre-rRNA processing. It is also important for the U2 snRNP binding to primary transcripts and co-migrates with spliceosomes. Moreover, the ortholog of RNF113A in fruit flies may also act as a spliceosome and is hypothesized to be involved in splicing, namely within the central nervous system. The ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in DNA repair of inter-strand crosslinks. RNF113B, also known as zinc finger protein 183-like 1, shows high sequence similarity with RNF113A. Both RNF113A and RNF113B contain a CCCH-type zinc finger, which is commonly found in RNA-binding proteins involved in splicing, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, which is frequently found in E3 ubiquitin ligases.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKvMGSYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16539   10 ICRKPFKNPVVTKCGHYFCEKCALKHYR-KSKKCFVC 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 2 (UHRF2); UHRF2, also known as Np95/ICBP90-like RING finger protein (NIRF), Np95-like RING finger protein, nuclear protein 97, nuclear zinc finger protein Np97, RING finger protein 107, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2, was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation, but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) through interacting with HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. UHRF2 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 260100516 162 CEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMGSYCPSCWY 199
Cdd:cd16770    9 CQELVYQPVTTECQHNVCKSCLQRSFKAEVYTCPACRH 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKV--MGSY-CPSC 197
Cdd:cd16609    8 ICLGLYQDPVTLPCQHSFCRACIEDHWRQkdEGSFsCPEC 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 69 (TRIM69) and similar proteins; TRIM69, also known as RFP-like domain-containing protein trimless or RING finger protein 36 (RNF36), is a testis E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a specific role in apoptosis and may also play an important role in germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. TRIM69 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 260100516 161 ICEHILADPVETSCRHLFCRTCILKCFKVMG--SYCPSC 197
Cdd:cd16611    9 LCLDFFRDPVMLSCGHNFCQSCITGFWELQAedTTCPEC 47