DNA polymerase A family protein functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; bifunctional 3'-5' exonuclease/DNA polymerase family protein contains an N-terminal 3'-5' exonuclease domain belonging to the DnaQ-like (or DEDD) 3'-5' exonuclease superfamily and a C-terminal DNA polymerase family A, 5'-3' polymerase domain
DnaQ-like (or DEDD) 3'-5' exonuclease domain superfamily; The DnaQ-like exonuclease superfamily is a structurally conserved group of 3'-5' exonucleases, which catalyze the excision of nucleoside monophosphates at the DNA or RNA termini in the 3'-5' direction. It is also called the DEDD superfamily, after the four invariant acidic residues present in the catalytic site of its members. The superfamily consists of DNA- and RNA-processing enzymes such as the proofreading domains of DNA polymerases, other DNA exonucleases, RNase D, RNase T, Oligoribonuclease and RNA exonucleases (REX). The DnaQ-like exonuclease domain contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, which are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. The conservation patterns of the three motifs may vary among different subfamilies. DnaQ-like exonucleases are classified as DEDDy or DEDDh exonucleases depending on the variation of motif III as YX(3)D or HX(4)D, respectively. The significance of the motif differences is still unclear. Almost all RNase families in this superfamily are present only in eukaryotes and bacteria, but not in archaea, suggesting a later origin, which in some cases are accompanied by horizontal gene transfer.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam01612:
Pssm-ID: 447876 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 173 Bit Score: 81.58 E-value: 5.70e-18
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination ...
241-588
2.10e-50
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; Family A polymerase (polymerase I) functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I (pol I) ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. A combination of phylogenomic and signature sequence-based (or phonetic) approaches is used to understand the evolutionary relationships among bacteria. DNA polymerase I is one of the conserved proteins that is used to search for protein signatures. The structure of these polymerases resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176474 Cd Length: 377 Bit Score: 178.77 E-value: 2.10e-50
3'-5' exonuclease; This domain is responsible for the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity ...
15-212
5.70e-18
3'-5' exonuclease; This domain is responsible for the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I (polI) and other enzymes, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of unpaired or mismatched nucleotides. This domain consists of the amino-terminal half of the Klenow fragment in E. coli polI it is also found in the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), focus forming activity 1 protein (FFA-1) and ribonuclease D (RNase D). Werner syndrome is a human genetic disorder causing premature aging; the WRN protein has helicase activity in the 3'-5' direction. The FFA-1 protein is required for formation of a replication foci and also has helicase activity; it is a homolog of the WRN protein. RNase D is a 3'-5' exonuclease involved in tRNA processing. Also found in this family is the autoantigen PM/Scl thought to be involved in polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome.
Pssm-ID: 396266 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 173 Bit Score: 81.58 E-value: 5.70e-18
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and similar bacterial ...
36-233
1.21e-07
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and similar bacterial family-A DNA polymerases; Escherichia coli-like Polymerase I (Pol I), a subgroup of family-A DNA polymerases, contains a DEDDy-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain in the same polypeptide chain as the polymerase domain. The exonuclease domain contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific YX(3)D pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. The 3'-5' exonuclease domain of DNA polymerases has a fundamental role in reducing polymerase errors and is involved in proofreading activity. E. coli DNA Pol I is involved in genome replication but is not the main replicating enzyme. It is also implicated in DNA repair.
Pssm-ID: 176651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 193 Bit Score: 52.14 E-value: 1.21e-07
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination ...
241-588
2.10e-50
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; Family A polymerase (polymerase I) functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I (pol I) ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. A combination of phylogenomic and signature sequence-based (or phonetic) approaches is used to understand the evolutionary relationships among bacteria. DNA polymerase I is one of the conserved proteins that is used to search for protein signatures. The structure of these polymerases resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176474 Cd Length: 377 Bit Score: 178.77 E-value: 2.10e-50
Phylum Aquificae Pol A is different from Escherichia coli Pol A by three signature sequences; ...
295-605
1.92e-46
Phylum Aquificae Pol A is different from Escherichia coli Pol A by three signature sequences; Family A polymerase functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. A combination of phylogenomic and signature sequence-based (or phonetic) approaches is used to understand the evolutionary relationships among bacteria. DNA polymerase I is one of the conserved proteins that is used for phylogenetic anaylsis of bacteria. Species of the phylum Aquificae grow in extreme thermophilic environments. The Aquificae are non-spore-forming, Gram-negative rods and strictly thermophilic. Phylum Aquificae Pol A is different from E. coli Pol I by three signature sequences consisting of a 2 amino acids (aa) insert, a 5-6 aa insert and a 6 aa deletion. These signature sequences may provide a molecular marker for the family Aquificaceae and related species.
Pssm-ID: 176476 Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 166.30 E-value: 1.92e-46
DNA polymerase theta is a low-fidelity family A enzyme implicated in translesion synthesis and ...
293-607
1.35e-37
DNA polymerase theta is a low-fidelity family A enzyme implicated in translesion synthesis and in somatic hypermutation; DNA polymerase theta is a low-fidelity family A enzyme implicated in translesion synthesis (TLS) and in somatic hypermutation (SHM). DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. Pol theta is an exception among family A polymerases and generates processive single base substitutions. Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I (pol I) ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. Polymerase theta mostly has amino-terminal helicase domain, a carboxy-terminal polymerase domain and an intervening space region.
Pssm-ID: 176475 Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 143.52 E-value: 1.35e-37
Family A polymerase primarily fills DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and ...
279-597
3.76e-35
Family A polymerase primarily fills DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; DNA polymerase family A, 5'-3' polymerase domain. Family A polymerase functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified into six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class X), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerases are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I, mitochondrial polymerase gamma, and several bacteriophage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic polymerase I (pol I) has two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and a 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and the DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. The structure of these polymerases resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176473 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 347 Bit Score: 136.01 E-value: 3.76e-35
DNA polymerase A type from plastids of higher plants possibly involve in DNA replication or in ...
299-586
1.96e-32
DNA polymerase A type from plastids of higher plants possibly involve in DNA replication or in the repair of errors occurring during replication; DNA polymerase A type from plastids of higher plants possibly involve in DNA replication or in the repair of errors occurring during replication. Family A polymerase functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). The three-dimensional structure of plastid DNA polymerase has substantial similarity to Pol I. The structure of Pol I resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176477 Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 128.67 E-value: 1.96e-32
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination ...
251-575
3.03e-22
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; Family A polymerase functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. A combination of phylogenomic and signature sequence-based (or phonetic) approaches is used to understand the evolutionary relationships among bacteria. DNA polymerase I is one of the conserved proteins that is used to search for protein signatures. The structure of these polymerases resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176480 Cd Length: 429 Bit Score: 99.82 E-value: 3.03e-22
3'-5' exonuclease; This domain is responsible for the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity ...
15-212
5.70e-18
3'-5' exonuclease; This domain is responsible for the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I (polI) and other enzymes, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of unpaired or mismatched nucleotides. This domain consists of the amino-terminal half of the Klenow fragment in E. coli polI it is also found in the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), focus forming activity 1 protein (FFA-1) and ribonuclease D (RNase D). Werner syndrome is a human genetic disorder causing premature aging; the WRN protein has helicase activity in the 3'-5' direction. The FFA-1 protein is required for formation of a replication foci and also has helicase activity; it is a homolog of the WRN protein. RNase D is a 3'-5' exonuclease involved in tRNA processing. Also found in this family is the autoantigen PM/Scl thought to be involved in polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome.
Pssm-ID: 396266 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 173 Bit Score: 81.58 E-value: 5.70e-18
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination ...
378-586
5.84e-15
Polymerase I functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication; Family A polymerase (polymerase I) functions primarily to fill DNA gaps that arise during DNA repair, recombination and replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases can be classified in six main groups based upon phylogenetic relationships with E. coli polymerase I (classA), E. coli polymerase II (class B), E.coli polymerase III (class C), euryarchaaeota polymerase II (class D), human polymerase beta (class x), E. coli UmuC/DinB and eukaryotic RAP 30/Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (class Y). Family A polymerase are found primarily in organisms related to prokaryotes and include prokaryotic DNA polymerase I ,mitochondrial polymerase delta, and several bacteriphage polymerases including those from odd-numbered phage (T3, T5, and T7). Prokaryotic Pol Is have two functional domains located on the same polypeptide; a 5'-3' polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease. Pol I uses its 5' nuclease activity to remove the ribonucleotide portion of newly synthesized Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase activity to fill in the resulting gap. A combination of phylogenomic and signature sequence-based (or phonetic) approaches is used to understand the evolutionary relationships among bacteria. DNA polymerase I is one of the conserved proteins that is used to search for protein signatures. The structure of these polymerases resembles in overall morphology a cupped human right hand, with fingers (which bind an incoming nucleotide and interact with the single-stranded template), palm (which harbors the catalytic amino acid residues and also binds an incoming dNTP) and thumb (which binds double-stranded DNA) subdomains.
Pssm-ID: 176479 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 378 Bit Score: 76.89 E-value: 5.84e-15
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and similar bacterial ...
36-233
1.21e-07
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and similar bacterial family-A DNA polymerases; Escherichia coli-like Polymerase I (Pol I), a subgroup of family-A DNA polymerases, contains a DEDDy-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain in the same polypeptide chain as the polymerase domain. The exonuclease domain contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific YX(3)D pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. The 3'-5' exonuclease domain of DNA polymerases has a fundamental role in reducing polymerase errors and is involved in proofreading activity. E. coli DNA Pol I is involved in genome replication but is not the main replicating enzyme. It is also implicated in DNA repair.
Pssm-ID: 176651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 193 Bit Score: 52.14 E-value: 1.21e-07
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Ribonuclease D and similar proteins; Ribonuclease (RNase) D ...
23-155
3.66e-03
DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Ribonuclease D and similar proteins; Ribonuclease (RNase) D is a bacterial enzyme involved in the maturation of small stable RNAs and the 3' maturation of tRNA. It contains a DEDDy-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain possessing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific YX(3)D pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. In vivo, RNase D only becomes essential upon removal of other ribonucleases. Eukaryotic RNase D homologs include yeast Rrp6p, human PM/Scl-100, and the Drosophila melanogaster egalitarian protein.
Pssm-ID: 176654 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 178 Bit Score: 38.67 E-value: 3.66e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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