G-protein coupled receptor 84-like [Branchiostoma floridae]
Protein Classification
G-protein coupled receptor( domain architecture ID 11536129)
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) transmits physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside by binding to an extracellular agonist, which induces conformational changes that lead to the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, which then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like | cd00637 | rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ... |
9-215 | 1.77e-32 | ||||
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. : Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 123.94 E-value: 1.77e-32
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| 7tm_GPCRs super family | cl28897 | seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary ... |
328-411 | 2.87e-07 | ||||
seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary model represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, often referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside via G proteins. GPCRs constitute the largest known superfamily of transmembrane receptors across the three kingdoms of life that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including peptides, lipids, neurotransmitters, amino acids, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, smell and taste. All GPCRs share a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. However, some 7TM receptors, such as the type 1 microbial rhodopsins, do not activate G proteins. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (the rhodopsin-like family), class B (the Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (the metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (the fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (the cAMP receptor family), and class F (the frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd15207: Pssm-ID: 475119 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 51.85 E-value: 2.87e-07
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like | cd00637 | rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ... |
9-215 | 1.77e-32 | ||||
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 123.94 E-value: 1.77e-32
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| 7tm_1 | pfam00001 | 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ... |
23-211 | 1.63e-14 | ||||
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins. Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 73.10 E-value: 1.63e-14
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| 7tmA_NPFFR | cd15207 | neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
328-411 | 2.87e-07 | ||||
neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an RF-amide motif at their C-terminus that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of these peptides are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. NPFF has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase via the Gi protein coupled to NPFF1-R. Pssm-ID: 320335 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 51.85 E-value: 2.87e-07
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like | cd00637 | rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ... |
9-215 | 1.77e-32 | |||||
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 123.94 E-value: 1.77e-32
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| 7tmA_amine_R-like | cd14967 | amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-187 | 4.96e-19 | |||||
amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Amine receptors of the class A family of GPCRs include adrenoceptors, 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and trace amine receptors. The receptors of amine subfamily are major therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320098 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 86.08 E-value: 4.96e-19
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| 7tmA_GPR84-like | cd15210 | G protein-coupled receptor 84 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
7-161 | 3.96e-17 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 84 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR84, also known as the inflammation-related G-Protein coupled receptor EX33, is a receptor for medium-chain free fatty acid (FFA) with carbon chain lengths of C9 to C14. Among these medium-chain FFAs, capric acid (C10:0), undecanoic acid (C11:0), and lauric acid (C12:0) are the most potent endogenous agonists of GPR84, whereas short-chain and long-chain saturated and unsaturated FFAs do not activate this receptor. GPR84 contains a [G/N]RY-motif instead of the highly conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr (DRY) motif found in the third transmembrane helix (TM3) of the rhodopsin-like class A receptors and important for efficient G protein-coupled signal transduction. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, which then activate the heterotrimeric G proteins. In the case of GPR84, activation of the receptor couples to a pertussis toxin sensitive G(i/o)-protein pathway. GPR84 knockout mice showed increased Th2 cytokine production including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 compared to wild-type mice. It has been also shown that activation of GPR84 augments lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-8 production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and TNF-alpha production in macrophages, suggesting that GPR84 may function as a proinflammatory receptor. Pssm-ID: 320338 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 80.39 E-value: 3.96e-17
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| 7tmA_5-HT4 | cd15056 | serotonin receptor subtype 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-142 | 4.85e-17 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT4 subtype is a member of the serotonin receptor family that belongs to the class A G protein-coupled receptors, and binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). 5-HT4 receptors are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(s) family, which positively stimulate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. 5-HT4 receptor-specific agonists have been shown to enhance learning and memory in animal studies. Moreover, hippocampal 5-HT4 receptor expression has been reported to be inversely correlated with memory performance in humans. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320184 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 81.00 E-value: 4.85e-17
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| 7tmA_AstA_R_insect | cd15096 | allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-194 | 1.05e-15 | |||||
allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled AstA receptor binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control. Pssm-ID: 320224 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 76.95 E-value: 1.05e-15
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| 7tmA_OXR | cd15208 | orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
7-186 | 5.42e-15 | |||||
orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Orexins (OXs, also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. Thus, activation of OX1R or OX2R will activate phospholipase activity and the phosphatidylinositol and calcium signaling pathways. Additionally, OX2R activation can also lead to inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320336 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 303 Bit Score: 75.12 E-value: 5.42e-15
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| 7tmA_CCKR-like | cd14993 | cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
7-139 | 9.48e-15 | |||||
cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents four G-protein coupled receptors that are members of the RFamide receptor family, including cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR), orexin receptors (OXR), neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR), and pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor (QRFPR). These RFamide receptors are activated by their endogenous peptide ligands that share a common C-terminal arginine (R) and an amidated phenylanine (F) motif. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Orexins (OXs; also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. The 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of NPFF are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. Pssm-ID: 320124 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 74.17 E-value: 9.48e-15
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| 7tmA_tyramine_R-like | cd15061 | tyramine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-159 | 1.28e-14 | |||||
tyramine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes tyramine-specific receptors and similar proteins found in insects and other invertebrates. These tyramine receptors form a distinct receptor family that is phylogenetically different from the other tyramine/octopamine receptors which also found in invertebrates. Both octopamine and tyramine mediate their actions via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate adrenergic neurotransmitters. In Drosophila, octopamine is involved in ovulation by mediating an egg release from the ovary, while a physiological role for tyramine in this process is not fully understood. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320189 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 73.16 E-value: 1.28e-14
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| 7tm_1 | pfam00001 | 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ... |
23-211 | 1.63e-14 | |||||
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins. Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 73.10 E-value: 1.63e-14
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| 7tmA_Mel1C | cd15401 | melatonin receptor subtype 1C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
17-193 | 2.29e-14 | |||||
melatonin receptor subtype 1C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320523 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 73.02 E-value: 2.29e-14
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| 7tmA_Mel1A | cd15402 | melatonin receptor subtype 1A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
17-200 | 2.88e-14 | |||||
melatonin receptor subtype 1A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320524 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 72.63 E-value: 2.88e-14
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| 7tmA_Mel1 | cd15209 | melatonin receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
17-200 | 4.44e-14 | |||||
melatonin receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320337 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 72.12 E-value: 4.44e-14
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| 7tmA_alpha2A_AR | cd15322 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-197 | 6.21e-14 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320445 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 71.51 E-value: 6.21e-14
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| 7tmA_TACR_family | cd14992 | tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
16-196 | 7.90e-14 | |||||
tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled receptors for a variety of neuropeptides of the tachykinin (TK) family as well as closely related receptors. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320123 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 71.69 E-value: 7.90e-14
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| 7tmA_Opsins_type2_animals | cd14969 | type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-207 | 1.28e-13 | |||||
type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This rhodopsin family represents the type 2 opsins found in vertebrates and invertebrates except sponge. Type 2 opsins primarily function as G protein coupled receptors and are responsible for vision as well as for circadian rhythm and pigment regulation. On the contrary, type 1 opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, functioning as light-gated ion channels, proton pumps, sensory receptors and in other unknown functions. Although these two opsin types share seven-transmembrane domain topology and a conserved lysine reside in the seventh helix, type 1 opsins do not activate G-proteins and are not evolutionarily related to type 2. Type 2 opsins can be classified into six distinct subfamilies including the vertebrate opsins/encephalopsins, the G(o) opsins, the G(s) opsins, the invertebrate G(q) opsins, the photoisomerases, and the neuropsins. Pssm-ID: 381741 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 70.70 E-value: 1.28e-13
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| 7tmA_NPYR-like | cd15203 | neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
7-141 | 1.78e-13 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to Gi or Go proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Also included in this subgroup is prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10), which is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acid residues (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acid residues (PrRP-31). PrRP receptor shows significant sequence homology to the NPY receptors, and a micromolar level of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors. Pssm-ID: 320331 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 70.33 E-value: 1.78e-13
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| 7tmA_leucokinin-like | cd15393 | leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family ... |
8-138 | 6.56e-13 | |||||
leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes a leucokinin-like peptide receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, a pest of cattle world-wide. Leucokinins are invertebrate neuropeptides that exhibit myotropic and diuretic activity. This receptor is the first neuropeptide receptor known from the Acari and the second known in the subfamily of leucokinin-like peptide G-protein-coupled receptors. The other known leucokinin-like peptide receptor is a lymnokinin receptor from the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Pssm-ID: 320515 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 68.59 E-value: 6.56e-13
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| 7tmA_alpha2C_AR | cd15323 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-197 | 7.24e-13 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320446 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 261 Bit Score: 68.42 E-value: 7.24e-13
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| 7tmA_Beta_AR | cd15058 | beta adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
9-236 | 3.70e-12 | |||||
beta adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The beta adrenergic receptor (beta adrenoceptor), also known as beta AR, is activated by hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) and plays important roles in regulating cardiac function and heart rate, as well as pulmonary physiology. The human heart contains three subtypes of the beta AR: beta-1 AR, beta-2 AR, and beta-3 AR. Beta-1 AR and beta-2 AR, which expressed at about a ratio of 70:30, are the major subtypes involved in modulating cardiac contractility and heart rate by positively stimulating the G(s) protein-adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. In contrast, beta-3 AR produces negative inotropic effects by activating inhibitory G(i) proteins. The aberrant expression of beta-ARs can lead to cardiac dysfunction such as arrhythmias or heart failure. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320186 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 305 Bit Score: 66.71 E-value: 3.70e-12
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| 7tmA_mAChR | cd15049 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of ... |
10-142 | 3.76e-12 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of mAChRs by agonist (acetylcholine) leads to a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological responses. In general, the exact nature of these responses and the subsequent physiological effects mainly depend on the molecular and pharmacological identity of the activated receptor subtype(s). All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341322 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 66.19 E-value: 3.76e-12
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| 7tmA_DmOct-betaAR-like | cd15066 | Drosophila melanogaster beta-adrenergic receptor-like octopamine receptors and similar ... |
10-142 | 5.20e-12 | |||||
Drosophila melanogaster beta-adrenergic receptor-like octopamine receptors and similar receptors in bilateria; member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila beta-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors and similar proteins. The biogenic amine octopamine is the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate adrenergic neurotransmitters and exerts its effects through different G protein-coupled receptor types. Insect octopamine receptors are involved in the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism, muscular tension, cognition and memory. The activation of octopamine receptors mediating these actions leads to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby increasing cAMP levels. In Drosophila melanogaster, three subgroups have been classified on the basis of their structural homology and functional equivalents with vertebrate beta-adrenergic receptors: DmOctBeta1R, DmOctBeta2R, and DmOctBeta3R. Pssm-ID: 320194 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 65.86 E-value: 5.20e-12
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| 7tmA_Histamine_H2R | cd15051 | histamine subtype H2 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
14-204 | 5.21e-12 | |||||
histamine subtype H2 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine receptor subtype H2R, a member of histamine receptor family, which belongs to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). The H2R subtype selectively interacts with the G(s)-type G protein that activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP production and activation of Protein Kinase A. H2R is found in various tissues such as the brain, stomach, and heart. Its most prominent role is in histamine-induced gastric acid secretion. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320179 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 66.20 E-value: 5.21e-12
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| 7tmA_Histamine_H3R_H4R | cd15048 | histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-219 | 5.63e-12 | |||||
histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine subtypes H3R and H4R, members of the histamine receptor family, which belong to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). The H3 and H4 receptors couple to the G(i)-proteins, which leading to the inhibition of cAMP formation. The H3R receptor functions as a presynaptic autoreceptors controlling histamine release and synthesis. The H4R plays an important role in histamine-mediated chemotaxis in mast cells and eosinophils. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320176 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 66.17 E-value: 5.63e-12
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| 7tmA_prokineticin-R | cd15204 | prokineticin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
15-138 | 7.64e-12 | |||||
prokineticin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Prokineticins 1 (PROK1) and 2 (PROK2), also known as endocrine gland vascular endothelial factor and Bombina varigata 8, respectively, are multifunctional chemokine-like peptides that are highly conserved across species. Prokineticins can bind with similar affinities to two closely homologous 7-transmembrane G protein coupled receptors, PROKR1 and PROKR2, which are phylogenetically related to the tachykinin receptors. Prokineticins and their GPCRs are widely distributed in human tissues and are involved in numerous physiological roles, including gastrointestinal motility, generation of circadian rhythms, neuron migration and survival, pain sensation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction. Moreover, different point mutations in genes encoding PROK2 or its receptor (PROKR2) can lead to Kallmann syndrome, a disease characterized by delayed or absent puberty and impaired olfactory function. Pssm-ID: 320332 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 65.38 E-value: 7.64e-12
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| 7tmA_QRFPR | cd15205 | pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
8-187 | 1.19e-11 | |||||
pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an Arg-Phe-NH2 (RFamide) motif at its C-terminus. 26Rfa/QRFP exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Pssm-ID: 320333 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 65.19 E-value: 1.19e-11
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| 7tmA_CCK_R | cd15206 | cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-198 | 2.15e-11 | |||||
cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320334 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 63.95 E-value: 2.15e-11
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| 7tmA_Ap5-HTB1-like | cd15065 | serotonin receptor subtypes B1 and B2 from Aplysia californica and similar proteins; member of ... |
15-208 | 2.96e-11 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtypes B1 and B2 from Aplysia californica and similar proteins; member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes Aplysia californica serotonin receptors Ap5-HTB1 and Ap5-HTB2, and similar proteins from bilateria including insects, mollusks, annelids, and worms. Ap5-HTB1 is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT, serotonin). In Aplysia, serotonin plays important roles in a variety of behavioral and physiological processes mediated by the central nervous system. These include circadian clock, feeding, locomotor movement, cognition and memory, synaptic growth and synaptic plasticity. Both Ap5-HTB1 and Ap5-HTB2 receptors are coupled to G-proteins that stimulate phospholipase C, leading to the activation of phosphoinositide metabolism. Ap5-HTB1 is expressed in the reproductive system, whereas Ap5-HTB2 is expressed in the central nervous system. Pssm-ID: 320193 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 63.91 E-value: 2.96e-11
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| 7tmA_PSP24-like | cd15213 | G protein-coupled receptor PSP24 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
8-197 | 4.35e-11 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor PSP24 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes two human orphan receptors, GPR45 and GPR65, and their closely related proteins found in vertebrates and invertebrates. GPR45 and GPR 65 are also called PSP24-alpha (or PSP24-1) and PSP24-beta (or PSP24-2) in other vertebrates, respectively. These receptors exhibit the highest sequence homology to each other. PSP24 was originally identified as a novel, high-affinity lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes; however, PSP24 receptors (GPR45 and GPR63) have not been shown to be activated by LPA. Instead, sphingosine 1-phosphate and dioleoylphosphatidic acid have been shown to act as low affinity agonists for GPR63. PSP24 receptors are highly expressed in neuronal cells of cerebellum and their expression level remains constant from the early embryonic stages to adulthood, suggesting the important role of PSP24s in brain neuronal functions. Members of this subgroup contain the highly conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr/Phe (DRY/F) motif found in the third transmembrane helix (TM3) of the rhodopsin-like class A receptors which is important for efficient G protein-coupled signal transduction. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320341 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 63.15 E-value: 4.35e-11
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| 7tmA_alpha-2D_AR | cd15324 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype D, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-139 | 4.60e-11 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype D, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320447 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 62.97 E-value: 4.60e-11
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| 7tmA_GPRnna14-like | cd15001 | GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-183 | 4.74e-11 | |||||
GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPRnna14 found in body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) as well as its closely related proteins of unknown function. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors. As an obligatory parasite of humans, the body louse is an important vector for human diseases, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. GPRnna14 shares significant sequence similarity with the members of the neurotensin receptor family. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320132 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 63.06 E-value: 4.74e-11
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| 7tmA_Mel1B | cd15400 | melatonin receptor subtype 1B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
18-199 | 6.61e-11 | |||||
melatonin receptor subtype 1B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320522 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 62.56 E-value: 6.61e-11
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| 7tmA_GPR45 | cd15403 | G protein-coupled receptor 45, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-198 | 6.66e-11 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 45, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes the human orphan receptor GPR45 and closely related proteins found in vertebrates. GPR45 is also called PSP24 in Xenopus and PSP24-alpha (or PSP24-1) in mammals. GPR45 shows the highest sequence homology with GPR63 (PSP24-beta, or PSP24-2). PSP24 was originally identified as a novel, high-affinity lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes; however, PSP24 receptors (GPR45 and GPR63) have not been shown to be activated by LPA. Mammalian PSP24 receptors are highly expressed in neuronal cells of cerebellum and their expression level remains constant from the early embryonic stages to adulthood, suggesting the important role of PSP24s in brain neuronal functions. Members of this subgroup contain the highly conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr/Phe (DRY/F) motif found in the third transmembrane helix (TM3) of the rhodopsin-like class A receptors which is important for efficient G protein-coupled signal transduction. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320525 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 301 Bit Score: 62.94 E-value: 6.66e-11
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| 7tmA_GPR63 | cd15404 | G protein-coupled receptor 63, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-197 | 7.52e-11 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 63, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes the human orphan receptor GPR63, which is also called PSP24-beta or PSP24-2, and its closely related proteins found in vertebrates. GPR63 shares the highest sequence homology with GPR45 (Xenopus PSP24, mammalian PSP24-alpha or PSP24-1). PSP24 was originally identified as a novel, high-affinity lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes; however, PSP24 receptors (GPR45 and GPR63) have not been shown to be activated by LPA. Mammalian PSP24 receptors are highly expressed in neuronal cells of cerebellum and their expression level remains constant from the early embryonic stages to adulthood, suggesting the important role of PSP24s in brain neuronal functions. Members of this subgroup contain the highly conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr/Phe (DRY/F) motif found in the third transmembrane helix (TM3) of the rhodopsin-like class A receptors which is important for efficient G protein-coupled signal transduction. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320526 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 62.16 E-value: 7.52e-11
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| 7tmA_TAARs | cd15055 | trace amine-associated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-140 | 1.41e-10 | |||||
trace amine-associated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320183 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 61.80 E-value: 1.41e-10
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| 7tmA_GHSR-like | cd15928 | growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the ... |
16-141 | 1.63e-10 | |||||
growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR or ghrelin receptor), motilin receptor (also called GPR38), and related proteins. Both GHSR and GPR38 bind peptide hormones. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for GHSR, is an acylated 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin is also called the hunger hormone and is involved in the regulation of growth hormone release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, lipid and glucose metabolism, and energy balance. Motilin, the ligand for GPR38, is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. It is involved in the regulation of digestive tract motility. Pssm-ID: 320594 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 61.74 E-value: 1.63e-10
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| 7tmA_ET_R-like | cd14977 | endothelin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
7-162 | 2.20e-10 | |||||
endothelin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors includes endothelin receptors, bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), neuromedin B receptor (NMB-R), endothelin B receptor-like 2 (ETBR-LP-2), and GRP37. The endothelin receptors and related proteins are members of the seven transmembrane rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family (class A GPCRs) which activate multiple effectors via different types of G protein. Pssm-ID: 320108 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 61.28 E-value: 2.20e-10
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M1 | cd17790 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1, member of the class A family of ... |
8-143 | 3.19e-10 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of mAChRs by agonist (acetylcholine) leads to a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological responses. M1 is the dominant mAChR subtype involved in learning and memory. It is linked to synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and neuronal differentiation during early development. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341356 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 60.37 E-value: 3.19e-10
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| 7tmA_alpha2_AR | cd15059 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-198 | 3.66e-10 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320187 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 261 Bit Score: 60.05 E-value: 3.66e-10
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| 7tmA_5-HT2 | cd15052 | serotonin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-141 | 6.39e-10 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320180 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 59.63 E-value: 6.39e-10
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| 7tmA_NTSR-like | cd14979 | neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
7-193 | 1.59e-09 | |||||
neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes the neurotensin receptors and related G-protein coupled receptors, including neuromedin U receptors, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, the putative GPR39 and the capa receptors from insects. These receptors all bind peptide hormones with diverse physiological effects. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320110 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 58.52 E-value: 1.59e-09
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| 7tmA_tyramine_octopamine_R-like | cd15060 | tyramine/octopamine receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-142 | 1.74e-09 | |||||
tyramine/octopamine receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes tyramine/octopamine receptors and similar proteins found in insects and other invertebrates. Both octopamine and tyramine mediate their actions via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate adrenergic neurotransmitters. In Drosophila, octopamine is involved in ovulation by mediating an egg release from the ovary, while a physiological role for tyramine in this process is not fully understood. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320188 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 260 Bit Score: 58.21 E-value: 1.74e-09
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| 7tmA_5-HT6 | cd15054 | serotonin receptor subtype 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-142 | 2.01e-09 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT6 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). 5-HT6 receptors are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(s) family, which positively stimulate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. The 5-HT6 receptors mediates excitatory neurotransmission and are involved in learning and memory; thus they are promising targets for the treatment of cognitive impairment. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320182 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 57.89 E-value: 2.01e-09
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| 7tmA_capaR | cd15134 | neuropeptide capa receptor and similar invertebrate proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
9-216 | 2.16e-09 | |||||
neuropeptide capa receptor and similar invertebrate proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CapaR is a G-protein coupled receptor for the Drosophila melanogaster capa neuropeptides (Drm-capa-1 and -2), which act on the Malpighian tubules to increase fluid transport. The capa peptides are evolutionarily related to vertebrate Neuromedin U neuropeptide and contain a C-terminal FPRXamide motif. CapaR regulates fluid homeostasis through its ligands, thereby acts as a desiccation stress-responsive receptor. CapaR undergoes desensitization, with internalization mediated by beta-arrestin-2. Pssm-ID: 320262 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 58.11 E-value: 2.16e-09
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| 7tmA_TAAR1 | cd15314 | trace amine-associated receptor 1 and similar receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
7-192 | 2.49e-09 | |||||
trace amine-associated receptor 1 and similar receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is one of the 15 identified trace amine-associated receptor subtypes, which form a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. TAAR1 is coupled to the Gs protein, which leads to activation of adenylate cyclase, and is thought to play functional role in the regulation of brain monoamines. TAAR1 is also shown to be activated by psychoactive compounds such as Ecstasy (MDMA), amphetamine and LSD. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320438 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 58.02 E-value: 2.49e-09
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| 7tmA_mAChR_GAR-2-like | cd15302 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
8-136 | 3.52e-09 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of mAChRs by agonist (acetylcholine) leads to a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological responses. In general, the exact nature of these responses and the subsequent physiological effects mainly depend on the molecular and pharmacological identity of the activated receptor subtype(s). All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 57.45 E-value: 3.52e-09
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| 7tmA_alpha2B_AR | cd15321 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-197 | 3.53e-09 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320444 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 268 Bit Score: 57.24 E-value: 3.53e-09
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| 7tmA_PR4-like | cd15392 | neuropeptide Y receptor-like found in insect and related proteins, member of the class A ... |
8-139 | 7.01e-09 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor-like found in insect and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes a novel G protein-coupled receptor (also known as PR4 receptor) from Drosophila melanogaster, which can be activated by the members of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, including NPY, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These homologous peptides of 36-amino acids in length contain a hairpin-like structural motif, which referred to as the pancreatic polypeptide fold, and function as gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. The PR4 receptor also shares strong sequence homology to the mammalian tachykinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R), whose endogenous ligands are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), respectively. The tachykinins function as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Pssm-ID: 320514 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 56.60 E-value: 7.01e-09
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| 7tmA_5-HT1_5_7 | cd15064 | serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5 and 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-138 | 9.36e-09 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5 and 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5, and 7 that are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. The 5-HT1 and 5-HT5 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as 5-HT2C receptor. The 5-HT5A and 5-HT5B receptors have been cloned from rat and mouse, but only the 5-HT5A isoform has been identified in human because of the presence of premature stop codons in the human 5-HT5B gene, which prevents a functional receptor from being expressed. The 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to Gs, which positively stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, leading to increased intracellular cAMP formation and calcium influx. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320192 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 258 Bit Score: 55.80 E-value: 9.36e-09
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| 7tmA_5-HT1A_invertebrates | cd15331 | serotonin receptor subtype 1A from invertebrates, member of the class A family of ... |
7-140 | 1.02e-08 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 1A from invertebrates, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT1 receptors, one of 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter and peripheral signal mediator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT1 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family, which lead to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and calcium influx. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5 subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as the 5-HT2C receptor. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320454 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 261 Bit Score: 55.82 E-value: 1.02e-08
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M3 | cd15299 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3, member of the class A family of ... |
7-138 | 1.81e-08 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. The M3 receptor is mainly located in smooth muscle, exocrine glands and vascular endothelium. It induces vomiting in the central nervous system and is a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion. Generally, M3 receptor causes contraction of smooth muscle resulting in vasoconstriction and increased glandular secretion. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320426 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 55.34 E-value: 1.81e-08
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| 7tmA_ETH-R | cd14997 | ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-193 | 2.05e-08 | |||||
ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors found in insects, which are members of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Ecdysis-triggering hormones are vital regulatory signals that govern the stereotypic physiological sequence leading to cuticle shedding in insects. Thus, the ETH signaling system has been a target for the design of more sophisticated insect-selective pest control strategies. Two subtypes of ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor were identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Blood-borne ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) activates the behavioral sequence through direct actions on the central nervous system. In insects, ecdysis is thought to be controlled by the interaction between peptide hormones; in particular between ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) from the periphery and eclosion hormone (EH) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) from the central nervous system. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320128 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 55.37 E-value: 2.05e-08
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| 7tmA_Adenosine_R | cd14968 | adenosine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-139 | 3.91e-08 | |||||
adenosine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The adenosine receptors (or P1 receptors), a family of G protein-coupled purinergic receptors, bind adenosine as their endogenous ligand. There are four types of adenosine receptors in human, designated as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Each type is encoded by a different gene and has distinct functions with some overlap. For example, both A1 and A2A receptors are involved in regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow in the heart, while the A2A receptor also has a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects in the body. These two receptors also expressed in the brain, where they have important roles in the release of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate, while the A2B and A3 receptors found primarily in the periphery and play important roles in inflammation and immune responses. The A1 and A3 receptors preferentially interact with G proteins of the G(i/o) family, thereby lowering the intracellular cAMP levels, whereas the A2A and A2B receptors interact with G proteins of the G(s) family, activating adenylate cyclase to elevate cAMP levels. Pssm-ID: 341316 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 54.18 E-value: 3.91e-08
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| 7tmA_Histamine_H1R | cd15050 | histamine subtype H1 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-193 | 5.89e-08 | |||||
histamine subtype H1 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine receptor subtype H1R, a member of histamine receptor family, which belongs to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). H1R selectively interacts with the G(q)-type G protein that activates phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol pathway. Antihistamines, a widely used anti-allergy medication, act on the H1 subtype and produce drowsiness as a side effect. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320178 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 53.59 E-value: 5.89e-08
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| 7tmA_Trissin_R | cd15012 | trissin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-191 | 6.02e-08 | |||||
trissin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the Drosophila melanogaster trissin receptor and closely related invertebrate proteins which are a member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. The cysteine-rich trissin has been shown to be an endogenous ligand for the orphan CG34381 in Drosophila melanogaster. Trissin is a peptide composed of 28 amino acids with three intrachain disulfide bonds with no significant structural similarities to known endogenous peptides. Cysteine-rich peptides are known to have antimicrobial or toxicant activities, although frequently their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Since the expression of trissin and its receptor is reported to predominantly localize to the brain and thoracicoabdominal ganglion, trissin is predicted to behave as a neuropeptide. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320140 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 53.60 E-value: 6.02e-08
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| 7tmA_Vasopressin_Oxytocin | cd15196 | vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-197 | 6.37e-08 | |||||
vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Vasopressin (also known as arginine vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone) and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary gland. The actions of vasopressin are mediated by the interaction of this hormone with three receptor subtypes: V1aR, V1bR, and V2R. These subtypes are differ in localization, function, and signaling pathways. Activation of V1aR and V1bR stimulate phospholipase C, while activation of V2R stimulates adenylate cyclase. Although vasopressin and oxytocin differ only by two amino acids and stimulate the same cAMP/PKA pathway, they have divergent physiological functions. Vasopressin is involved in regulating blood pressure and the balance of water and sodium ions, whereas oxytocin plays an important role in the uterus during childbirth and in lactation. Pssm-ID: 320324 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 264 Bit Score: 53.39 E-value: 6.37e-08
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| 7tmA_purinoceptor-like | cd14982 | purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
17-143 | 7.64e-08 | |||||
purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Members of this subfamily include lysophosphatidic acid receptor, P2 purinoceptor, protease-activated receptor, platelet-activating factor receptor, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2, proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, GPR35, and GPR55, among others. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341318 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 53.42 E-value: 7.64e-08
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| 7tmA_TACR-like | cd15202 | tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
8-138 | 8.93e-08 | |||||
tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the neurokinin/tachykinin receptors and its closely related receptors such as orphan GPR83 and leucokinin-like peptide receptor. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320330 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 53.28 E-value: 8.93e-08
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| 7tmA_5-HT2A | cd15304 | serotonin receptor subtype 2A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
11-108 | 1.04e-07 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341345 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 53.01 E-value: 1.04e-07
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| 7tmA_NPY2R | cd15399 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-155 | 1.33e-07 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. When NPY signals through NPY2R in concert with NPY5R, it induces angiogenesis and consequently plays an important role in revascularization and wound healing. On the other hand, when NPY acts through NPY1R and NPYR5, it acts as a vascular mitogen, leading to restenosis and atherosclerosis. Pssm-ID: 320521 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 52.90 E-value: 1.33e-07
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| 7tmA_5-HT2B | cd15306 | serotonin receptor subtype 2B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-139 | 1.34e-07 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341347 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 52.53 E-value: 1.34e-07
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| 7tmA_Beta1_AR | cd15958 | beta-1 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of ... |
11-154 | 1.47e-07 | |||||
beta-1 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (beta-1 adrenoceptor), also known as beta-1 AR, is activated by adrenaline (epinephrine) and plays important roles in regulating cardiac function and heart rate. The human heart contains three subtypes of the beta AR: beta-1 AR, beta-2 AR, and beta-3 AR. Beta-1 AR and beta-2 AR, which expressed at about a ratio of 70:30, are the major subtypes involved in modulating cardiac contractility and heart rate by positively stimulating the G(s) protein-adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. In contrast, beta-3 AR produces negative inotropic effects by activating inhibitory G(i) proteins. The aberrant expression of betrayers can lead to cardiac dysfunction such as arrhythmias or heart failure. Pssm-ID: 320624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 52.60 E-value: 1.47e-07
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| 7tm_GPCRs | cd14964 | seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary ... |
9-214 | 1.53e-07 | |||||
seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary model represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, often referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside via G proteins. GPCRs constitute the largest known superfamily of transmembrane receptors across the three kingdoms of life that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including peptides, lipids, neurotransmitters, amino acids, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, smell and taste. All GPCRs share a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. However, some 7TM receptors, such as the type 1 microbial rhodopsins, do not activate G proteins. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (the rhodopsin-like family), class B (the Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (the metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (the fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (the cAMP receptor family), and class F (the frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410628 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 52.43 E-value: 1.53e-07
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| 7tmA_Chemokine_R | cd14984 | classical and atypical chemokine receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
15-198 | 1.87e-07 | |||||
classical and atypical chemokine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. In addition to these classical chemokine receptors, there exists a subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) that are unable to couple to G-proteins and, instead, they preferentially mediate beta-arrestin dependent processes, such as receptor internalization, after ligand binding. The classical chemokine receptors contain a conserved DRYLAIV motif in the second intracellular loop, which is required for G-protein coupling. However, the ACKRs lack this conserved motif and fail to couple to G-proteins and induce classical GPCR signaling. Five receptors have been identified for the ACKR family, including CC-chemokine receptors like 1 and 2 (CCRL1 and CCRL2), CXCR7, Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC), and D6. Both ACKR1 (DARC) and ACKR3 (CXCR7) show low sequence homology to the classic chemokine receptors. Pssm-ID: 341319 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 52.22 E-value: 1.87e-07
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| 7tmA_D1-like_dopamine_R | cd15057 | D1-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-142 | 1.94e-07 | |||||
D1-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. The D1-like family receptors are coupled to G proteins of the G(s) family, which activate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. In contrast, activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family, which inhibit adenylate cyclase. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320185 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 52.43 E-value: 1.94e-07
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| 7tmA_Beta2_AR | cd15957 | beta-2 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of ... |
15-154 | 2.32e-07 | |||||
beta-2 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Beta-2 AR is activated by adrenaline that plays important roles in cardiac function and pulmonary physiology. While beta-1 AR and beta-2 AR are the major subtypes involved in modulating cardiac contractility and heart rate by positively stimulating the G(s) protein-adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, beta-2 AR can couple to both G(s) and G(i) proteins in the heart. Moreover, beta-2 AR activation leads to smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation in the lung. The beta adrenergic receptors are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Pssm-ID: 341355 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 301 Bit Score: 52.17 E-value: 2.32e-07
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| 7tmA_NPFFR | cd15207 | neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
328-411 | 2.87e-07 | |||||
neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an RF-amide motif at their C-terminus that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of these peptides are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. NPFF has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase via the Gi protein coupled to NPFF1-R. Pssm-ID: 320335 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 51.85 E-value: 2.87e-07
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| 7tmA_Bombesin_R-like | cd15927 | bombesin receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-203 | 3.64e-07 | |||||
bombesin receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This bombesin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors consists of neuromedin B receptor (NMBR), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide, originally isolated from frog skin. Mammalian bombesin-related peptides are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. The bombesin family receptors couple mainly to the G proteins of G(q/11) family. NMBR functions as the receptor for the neuropeptide neuromedin B, a potent mitogen and growth factor for normal and cancerous lung and for gastrointestinal epithelial tissues. Gastrin-releasing peptide is an endogenous ligand for GRPR and shares high sequence homology with NMB in the C-terminal region. Both NMB and GRP possess bombesin-like biochemical properties. BRS-3 is classified as an orphan receptor and suggested to play a role in sperm cell division and maturation. BRS-3 interacts with known naturally-occurring bombesin-related peptides with low affinity; however, no endogenous high-affinity ligand to the receptor has been identified. The bombesin receptor family belongs to the seven transmembrane rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (class A GPCRs), which perceive extracellular signals and transduce them to guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Pssm-ID: 320593 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 51.50 E-value: 3.64e-07
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M2 | cd15297 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of ... |
8-138 | 5.09e-07 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of M2 receptor causes a decrease in cAMP production, generally leading to inhibitory-type effects. This causes an outward current of potassium in the heart, resulting in a decreased heart rate. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 50.74 E-value: 5.09e-07
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M5 | cd15300 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M5, member of the class A family of ... |
12-138 | 5.39e-07 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M5, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. M5 mAChR is primarily found in the central nervous system and mediates acetylcholine-induced dilation of cerebral blood vessels. Activation of M5 receptor triggers a variety of cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides, and modulation of potassium channels. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320427 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 50.80 E-value: 5.39e-07
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| 7tmA_5-HT2C | cd15305 | serotonin receptor subtype 2C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-141 | 9.29e-07 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341346 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 49.90 E-value: 9.29e-07
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| 7tmA_NPY5R | cd15398 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 5, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-108 | 1.07e-06 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 5, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. When NPY signals through NPY2R in concert with NPY5R, it induces angiogenesis and consequently plays an important role in revascularization and wound healing. On the other hand, when NPY acts through NPY1R and NPYR5, it acts as a vascular mitogen, leading to restenosis and atherosclerosis. Pssm-ID: 320520 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 273 Bit Score: 49.77 E-value: 1.07e-06
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| 7tmA_Vasopressin-like | cd14986 | vasopressin receptors and its related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A ... |
14-228 | 1.16e-06 | |||||
vasopressin receptors and its related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Members of this group form a subfamily within the class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which includes the vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs), the neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), and orphan GPR150. These receptors share significant sequence homology with each other, suggesting that they have a common evolutionary origin. Vasopressin, also known as arginine vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone, is a neuropeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus. The actions of vasopressin are mediated by the interaction of this hormone with three tissue-specific subtypes: V1AR, V1BR, and V2R. Although vasopressin differs from oxytocin by only two amino acids, they have divergent physiological functions. Vasopressin is involved in regulating osmotic and cardiovascular homeostasis, whereas oxytocin plays an important role in the uterus during childbirth and in lactation. GnRHR, also known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), plays an central role in vertebrate reproductive function; its activation by binding to GnRH leads to the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. Neuropeptide S (NPS) promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects by activating its cognate receptor NPSR. NPSR has also been associated with asthma and allergy. GPR150 is an orphan receptor closely related to the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors. Pssm-ID: 320117 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 50.07 E-value: 1.16e-06
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| 7tmA_NPFFR | cd15207 | neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-187 | 1.18e-06 | |||||
neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an RF-amide motif at their C-terminus that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of these peptides are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. NPFF has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase via the Gi protein coupled to NPFF1-R. Pssm-ID: 320335 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 49.93 E-value: 1.18e-06
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| 7tmA_PrRP_R | cd15394 | prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-138 | 1.24e-06 | |||||
prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10) is expressed in the central nervous system with the highest levels located in the anterior pituitary and is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing a C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acids (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acids (PrRP-31), where PrRP-20 is a C-terminal fragment of PrRP-31. Binding of PrRP to the receptor coupled to G(i/o) proteins activates the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and it can also couple to G(q) protein leading to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). The PrRP receptor shares significant sequence homology with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor, and micromolar levels of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors. PrRP has been shown to reduce food intake and body weight and modify body temperature when administered in rats. It also has been shown to decrease circulating growth hormone levels by activating somatostatin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus. Pssm-ID: 320516 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 286 Bit Score: 49.74 E-value: 1.24e-06
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| 7tmA_NPY6R | cd15396 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-149 | 1.36e-06 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Pssm-ID: 320518 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 49.83 E-value: 1.36e-06
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| 7tmA_CCK-BR | cd15979 | cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-185 | 1.39e-06 | |||||
cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320645 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 49.43 E-value: 1.39e-06
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| 7tmA_GPR34-like | cd15148 | putative G protein-coupled receptor 34, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-192 | 1.43e-06 | |||||
putative G protein-coupled receptor 34, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the G-protein coupled receptor 34 of unknown function. Orphan GPR34 is a member of the rhodopsin-like, class A GPCRs, which is a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320276 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 49.69 E-value: 1.43e-06
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M4 | cd15298 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4, member of the class A family of ... |
9-138 | 2.17e-06 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to G(i/o) types of G proteins. The M4 receptor is mainly found in the CNS and function as an inhibitory autoreceptor regulating acetycholine release. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341344 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 48.86 E-value: 2.17e-06
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| 7tmA_Beta3_AR | cd15959 | beta-3 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of ... |
15-139 | 2.21e-06 | |||||
beta-3 adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (beta-3 adrenoceptor), also known as beta-3 AR, is activated by adrenaline and plays important roles in regulating cardiac function and heart rate. The human heart contains three subtypes of the beta AR: beta-1 AR, beta-2 AR, and beta-3 AR. Beta-1 AR and beta-2 AR, which expressed at about a ratio of 70:30, are the major subtypes involved in modulating cardiac contractility and heart rate by positively stimulating the G(s) protein-adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. In contrast, beta-3 AR produces negative inotropic effects by activating inhibitory G(i) proteins. The aberrant expression of betrayers can lead to cardiac dysfunction such as arrhythmias or heart failure. Pssm-ID: 320625 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 302 Bit Score: 49.14 E-value: 2.21e-06
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| 7tmA_ET-BR | cd15976 | endothelin B receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
7-145 | 2.25e-06 | |||||
endothelin B receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Endothelins are able to activate a number of signal transduction processes including phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D, as well as cytosolic protein kinase activation. They play an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and are the most potent vasoconstrictors identified, stimulating cardiac contraction, regulating the release of vasoactive substances, and stimulating mitogenesis in blood vessels. Two endothelin receptor subtypes have been isolated and identified in vertebrates, endothelin A receptor (ET-A) and endothelin B receptor (ET-B), and are members of the seven transmembrane class A G-protein coupled receptor family which activate multiple effectors via different types of G protein. Some vertebrates contain a third subtype, endothelin A receptor (ET-C). ET-A receptors are mainly located on vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas ET-B receptors are present on endothelial cells lining the vessel wall. Endothelin receptors have also been found in the brain. Pssm-ID: 320642 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 49.08 E-value: 2.25e-06
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| 7tmA_GPR19 | cd15008 | G protein-coupled receptor 19, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
11-108 | 2.31e-06 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 19, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G-protein coupled receptor 19 is an orphan receptor that is expressed predominantly in neuronal cells during mouse embryogenesis. Its mRNA is found frequently over-expressed in patients with small cell lung cancer. GPR19 shares a significant amino acid sequence identity with the D2 dopamine and neuropeptide Y families of receptors. Human GPR19 gene, intronless in the coding region, also has a distribution in brain overlapping that of the D2 dopamine receptor gene, and is located on chromosome 12. GPR19 is a member of the class A family of GPCRs, which represents a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320137 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 48.68 E-value: 2.31e-06
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| 7tmA_NPY1R | cd15395 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-139 | 2.82e-06 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. When NPY signals through NPY2R in concert with NPY5R, it induces angiogenesis and consequently plays an important role in revascularization and wound healing. On the other hand, when NPY acts through NPY1R and NPYR5, it acts as a vascular mitogen, leading to restenosis and atherosclerosis. Pssm-ID: 320517 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 48.66 E-value: 2.82e-06
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| 7tmA_BK-1 | cd15380 | bradykinin receptor B1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
11-194 | 3.21e-06 | |||||
bradykinin receptor B1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The bradykinin receptor family is a group of the seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, whose endogenous ligand is the pro-inflammatory nonapeptide bradykinin that mediates various vascular and pain responses. Two major bradykinin receptor subtypes, B1 and B2, have been identified based on their pharmacological properties. The B1 receptor is rapidly induced by tissue injury and inflammation, whereas the B2 receptor is ubiquitously expressed on many tissue types. Both receptors contain three consensus sites for N-linked glycosylation in extracellular domains and couple to G(q) protein to activate phospholipase C, leading to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular calcium mobilization. They can also interact with G(i) protein to inhibit adenylate cyclase and activate the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways. Pssm-ID: 320502 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 286 Bit Score: 48.64 E-value: 3.21e-06
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| 7tmA_ET-CR | cd15977 | endothelin C receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
7-138 | 5.82e-06 | |||||
endothelin C receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Endothelins are able to activate a number of signal transduction processes including phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D, as well as cytosolic protein kinase activation. They play an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and are the most potent vasoconstrictors identified, stimulating cardiac contraction, regulating the release of vasoactive substances, and stimulating mitogenesis in blood vessels. Two endothelin receptor subtypes have been isolated and identified in vertebrates, endothelin A receptor (ET-A) and endothelin B receptor (ET-B), and are members of the seven transmembrane class A G-protein coupled receptor family which activate multiple effectors via different types of G protein. Some vertebrates contain a third subtype, endothelin A receptor (ET-C). ET-A receptors are mainly located on vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas ET-B receptors are present on endothelial cells lining the vessel wall. Endothelin receptors have also been found in the brain. The ET-C receptor is specific for endothelin-3 on frog dermal melanophores; its activation causes dispersion of pigment granules. Pssm-ID: 320643 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 47.59 E-value: 5.82e-06
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| 7tm_classB | cd13952 | class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The class B of ... |
6-188 | 6.26e-06 | |||||
class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The class B of seven-transmembrane GPCRs is classified into three major subfamilies: subfamily B1 (secretin-like receptor family), B2 (adhesion family), and B3 (Methuselah-like family). The class B receptors have been identified in all the vertebrates, from fishes to mammals, as well as invertebrates including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but are not present in plants, fungi or prokaryotes. The B1 subfamily comprises receptors for polypeptide hormones of 27-141 amino-acid residues such as secretin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP), calcitonin gene-related peptide, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and corticotropin-releasing factor. These receptors contain the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD), which plays a critical role in hormone recognition by binding to the C-terminal portion of the peptide. On the other hand, the N-terminal segment of the hormone induces receptor activation by interacting with the receptor transmembrane domains and connecting extracellular loops, triggering intracellular signaling pathways. All members of the subfamily B1 receptors preferentially couple to G proteins of G(s) family, which positively stimulate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP formation and calcium influx. The subfamily B2 consists of cell-adhesion receptors with 33 members in humans and vertebrates. The adhesion receptors are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing a variety of structural motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, linked to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. These include, for example, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains in CD97, Celsr1 (cadherin family member), Celsr2, Celsr3, EMR1 (EGF-module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1), EMR2, EMR3, and Flamingo; two laminin A G-type repeats and nine cadherin domains in Flamingo and its human orthologs Celsr1, Celsr2 and Celsr3; olfactomedin-like domains in the latrotoxin receptors; and five or four thrombospondin type 1 repeats in BAI1 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1), BAI2 and BAI3. Almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR- autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. Furthermore, the subfamily B3 includes Methuselah (Mth) protein, which was originally identified in Drosophila as a GPCR affecting stress resistance and aging, and its closely related proteins. Pssm-ID: 410627 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 260 Bit Score: 47.21 E-value: 6.26e-06
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| 7tmA_Peropsin | cd15073 | retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog, member of the class A family of ... |
14-193 | 6.34e-06 | |||||
retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Peropsin, also known as a retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog (RRH), is a visual pigment-like protein found exclusively in the apical microvilli of the retinal pigment epithelium. Peropsin belongs to the type 2 opsin family of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Peropsin presumably plays a physiological role in the retinal pigment epithelium either by detecting light directly or monitoring the levels of retinoids, the primary light absorber in visual perception, or other pigment-related compounds in the eye. Pssm-ID: 320201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 47.42 E-value: 6.34e-06
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| 7tmA_MCHR2 | cd15339 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
8-191 | 7.44e-06 | |||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320461 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 47.50 E-value: 7.44e-06
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| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
7-208 | 7.53e-06 | |||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 47.24 E-value: 7.53e-06
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| 7tmA_Gal1_R | cd15098 | galanin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-193 | 7.66e-06 | |||||
galanin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Three receptors subtypes have been so far identified: GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3. The specific functions of each subtype remains mostly unknown, although galanin is thought to be involved in a variety of neuronal functions such as hormone release and food intake. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, depression, eating disorders, epilepsy and stroke, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320226 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 47.41 E-value: 7.66e-06
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| 7tmA_CXCR1_2 | cd15178 | CXC chemokine receptor types 1 and 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-153 | 8.96e-06 | |||||
CXC chemokine receptor types 1 and 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CXCR1 and CXCR2 are closely related chemotactic receptors for a group of CXC chemokines distinguished by the presence of the amino acid motif ELR immediately adjacent to their CXC motif. Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 is strictly controlled in neutrophils by external stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, Toll-like receptor agonists, and nitric oxide. CXCL8 (formerly known as interleukin-8) binds with high-affinity and activates both receptors. CXCR1 also binds CXCL7 (neutrophil-activating protein-2), whereas CXCR2 non-selectively binds to all seven ELR-positive chemokines (CXCL1-7). Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. Pssm-ID: 341333 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 46.88 E-value: 8.96e-06
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| 7tmA_ACKR4_CCR11 | cd15176 | atypical chemokine receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
37-184 | 9.11e-06 | |||||
atypical chemokine receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; ACKR4 was first reported to bind several CC chemokines including CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25 and was originally designated CCR11. AKCR4 is unable to couple to G-protein and, instead, it preferentially mediates beta-arrestin dependent processes, such as receptor internalization, after ligand binding. Thus, ACKR4 may act as a scavenger receptor to suppress the effects of proinflammatory chemokines. Unlike the classical chemokine receptors that contain a conserved DRYLAIV motif in the second intracellular loop, which is required for G-protein coupling, the ACKRs lack this conserved motif and fail to couple to G-proteins and induce classical GPCR signaling. Five receptors have been identified for the ACKR family, including CC-chemokine receptors like 1 and 2 (CCRL1 and CCRL2), CXCR7, Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC), and D6. Both ACKR1 (DARC) and ACKR3 (CXCR7) show low sequence homology to the classic chemokine receptors. Pssm-ID: 320304 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 47.05 E-value: 9.11e-06
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| 7tmA_D2-like_dopamine_R | cd15053 | D2-like dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-193 | 1.09e-05 | |||||
D2-like dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. The D1-like family receptors are coupled to G proteins of the G(s) family, which activate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. In contrast, activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family, which inhibit adenylate cyclase. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320181 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 46.57 E-value: 1.09e-05
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| 7tmA_TAAR6_8_9 | cd15316 | trace amine-associated receptors 6, 8, and 9, member of the class A family of ... |
8-186 | 1.11e-05 | |||||
trace amine-associated receptors 6, 8, and 9, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Included in this group are mammalian TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9, and similar proteins. They are among the 15 identified amine-associated receptors (TAARs), a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptors. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320439 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 46.78 E-value: 1.11e-05
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| 7tmA_5-HT1E | cd15335 | serotonin receptor subtype 1E, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-140 | 1.17e-05 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 1E, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT1 receptors, one of 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter and peripheral signal mediator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT1 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family, which lead to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and calcium influx. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5 subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as the 5-HT2C receptor. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320457 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 258 Bit Score: 46.46 E-value: 1.17e-05
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| 7tmA_GHSR | cd15131 | growth hormone secretagogue receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-141 | 1.37e-05 | |||||
growth hormone secretagogue receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR, is also known as GH-releasing peptide receptor (GHRP) or Ghrelin receptor. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for GHSR, is an acylated 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin, also called hunger hormone, is involved in the regulation of growth hormone release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, lipid and glucose metabolism, and energy balance. It also plays a role in the cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive systems. GHSR couples to G-alpha-11 proteins. Both ghrelin and GHSR are expressed in a wide range of cancer tissues. Recent studies suggested that ghrelin may play a role in processes associated with cancer progression, including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Pssm-ID: 320259 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 46.42 E-value: 1.37e-05
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| 7tmA_NPY4R | cd15397 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-139 | 1.63e-05 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Pssm-ID: 320519 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 46.27 E-value: 1.63e-05
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| 7tmA_Melanopsin | cd15336 | vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
3-142 | 1.63e-05 | |||||
vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanopsin (also called Opsin-4) is the G protein-coupled photopigment that mediates non-visual responses to light. In mammals, these photoresponses include the photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, pupillary constriction, and acute nocturnal melatonin suppression. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. Melanopsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320458 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 46.25 E-value: 1.63e-05
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| 7tmA_GPR31 | cd15199 | G protein-coupled receptor 31, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
12-134 | 1.66e-05 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 31, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR31, also known as 12-(S)-HETE receptor, is a high-affinity receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GPR31 and oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 (OXER1, GPR170) are the most closely related receptors to the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor family (HCARs). GPR31, like OXER1, activates the ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1) pathway of intracellular signaling, but unlike the OXER1, does not cause increase in the cytosolic calcium level. GPR31 is also shown to activate NFkB. 12-(S)-HETE is a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by mammalian platelets and tumor cells. It promotes tumor cells adhesion to endothelial cells and sub-endothelial matrix, which is a critical step for metastasis. Pssm-ID: 320327 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 46.32 E-value: 1.66e-05
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| 7tmA_GPR135 | cd15212 | G protein-coupled receptor 135, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-201 | 1.74e-05 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 135, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR135, also known as the somatostatin- and angiotensin-like peptide receptor (SALPR), is found in various tissues including eye, brain, cervix, stomach, and testis. Pharmacological studies have shown that relaxin-3 (R3) is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for GPR135. R3 has recently been identified as a new member of the insulin/relaxin family of peptide hormones and is exclusively expressed in the brain neurons. In addition to GPR135, R3 also acts as an agonist for GPR142, a pseudogene in the rat, and can activate LGR7 (leucine repeat-containing G-protein receptor-7), which is the main receptor for relaxin-1 (R1) and relaxin-2 (R2). While R1 and R2 are hormones primarily associated with reproduction and pregnancy, R3 is involved in neuroendocrine and sensory processing. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320340 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 46.30 E-value: 1.74e-05
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| 7tmA_Galanin_R-like | cd14971 | galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-199 | 1.88e-05 | |||||
galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled galanin receptors, kisspeptin receptor and allatostatin-A receptor (AstA-R) in insects. These receptors, which are members of the class A of seven transmembrane GPCRs, share a high degree of sequence homology among themselves. The galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, eating disorders, and epilepsy, among many others. KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (also known as GPR54 or kisspeptin receptor) binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (metastin), which encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1) expressed in various endocrine and reproductive tissues. AstA-R is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control. Pssm-ID: 320102 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 45.92 E-value: 1.88e-05
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| 7tmA_Histamine_H3R | cd15296 | histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H3R-like, member of the class A family of ... |
8-138 | 3.04e-05 | |||||
histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H3R-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine subtypes H3R and H3R-like, members of the histamine receptor family, which belong to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). The H3 and H4 receptors couple to the G(i)-proteins, which leading to the inhibition of cAMP formation. The H3R receptor functions as a presynaptic autoreceptors controlling histamine release and synthesis. The H4R plays an important role in histamine-mediated chemotaxis in mast cells and eosinophils. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320423 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 271 Bit Score: 45.55 E-value: 3.04e-05
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| 7tmA_5-HT2_insect-like | cd15307 | serotonin receptor subtype 2 from insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
11-139 | 3.29e-05 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2 from insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320433 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 45.33 E-value: 3.29e-05
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| 7tmA_SSTR1 | cd15970 | somatostatin receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
345-411 | 3.82e-05 | |||||
somatostatin receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. SSTR1 is coupled to a Na/H exchanger, voltage-dependent calcium channels, and AMPA/kainate glutamate channels. SSTR1 is expressed in the normal human pituitary and in nearly half of all pituitary adenoma subtypes. Pssm-ID: 320636 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 45.29 E-value: 3.82e-05
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| 7tmA_Dop1R2-like | cd15067 | dopamine 1-like receptor 2 from Drosophila melanogaster and similar proteins, member of the ... |
8-136 | 4.07e-05 | |||||
dopamine 1-like receptor 2 from Drosophila melanogaster and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled dopamine 1-like receptor 2 is expressed in Drosophila heads and it shows significant sequence similarity with vertebrate and invertebrate dopamine receptors. Although the Drosophila Dop1R2 receptor does not cluster into the D1-like structural group, it does show pharmacological properties similar to D1-like receptors. As shown in vertebrate D1-like receptors, agonist stimulation of Dop1R2 activates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP levels and also generates a calcium signal through stimulation of phospholipase C. Pssm-ID: 320195 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 45.04 E-value: 4.07e-05
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| 7tmA_Opioid_R-like | cd14970 | opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
333-411 | 5.23e-05 | |||||
opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes opioid receptors, somatostatin receptors, melanin-concentrating hormone receptors (MCHRs), and neuropeptides B/W receptors. Together they constitute the opioid receptor-like family, members of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors, binds somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. MCHR binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Neuropeptides B/W receptors are primarily expressed in the CNS and stimulate the cortisol secretion by activating the adenylate cyclase- and the phospholipase C-dependent signaling pathways. Pssm-ID: 320101 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 44.59 E-value: 5.23e-05
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| 7tmA_KiSS1R | cd15095 | KiSS1-derived peptide (kisspeptin) receptor, member of the class A family of ... |
7-137 | 5.57e-05 | |||||
KiSS1-derived peptide (kisspeptin) receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (GPR54 or kisspeptin receptor) binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (previously known as metastin), which encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1) expressed in various endocrine and reproductive tissues. The KiSS1 receptor is coupled to G proteins of the G(q/11) family, which lead to activation of phospholipase C and increase of intracellular calcium. This signaling cascade plays an important role in reproduction by regulating the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Pssm-ID: 320223 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 44.58 E-value: 5.57e-05
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| 7tmA_Proton-sensing_R | cd15160 | proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
7-154 | 5.58e-05 | |||||
proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Proton/pH-sensing G-protein coupled receptors sense pH of 7.6 to 6.0. They mediate a variety of biological activities in neutral and mildly acidic pH conditions, whereas the acid-sensing ionotropic ion channels typically sense strong acidic pH. The proton/pH-sensing receptor family includes the G2 accumulation receptor (G2A, also known as GPR132), the T cell death associated gene-8 (TDAG8, GPR65) receptor, ovarian cancer G-protein receptor 1 (OGR-1, GPR68), and G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4). Pssm-ID: 320288 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 44.68 E-value: 5.58e-05
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| 7tmA_SSTR | cd15093 | somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
333-411 | 5.58e-05 | |||||
somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. They share common signaling cascades such as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity, and G-protein-dependent regulation of MAPKs. Pssm-ID: 320221 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 44.76 E-value: 5.58e-05
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| 7tmA_HCAR-like | cd14991 | hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
15-139 | 6.57e-05 | |||||
hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCARs) as well as their closely related receptors, GPR31 and oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 (OXER1). HCARs are members of the class A family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). HCAR subfamily contain three receptor subtypes: HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3. The endogenous ligand of HCAR1 (also known as lactate receptor 1, GPR104, or GPR81) is L-lactic acid. The endogenous ligands of HCAR2 (also known as niacin receptor 1, GPR109A, nicotinic acid receptor) and HCAR3 (also known as niacin receptor 2, orGPR109B) are 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, respectively. All three HCA receptors are expressed in adipocytes, and are coupled to G(i)-proteins mediating anti-lipolytic effects in fat cells. OXER1 is a receptor for eicosanoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-OXO-ETE), 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S)-HPETE) and arachidonic acid, whereas GPR31 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-S-HETE). Pssm-ID: 320122 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 44.36 E-value: 6.57e-05
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| 7tmA_5-HT1F | cd15334 | serotonin receptor subtype 1F, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-140 | 7.15e-05 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 1F, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT1 receptors, one of 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter and peripheral signal mediator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT1 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family, which lead to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and calcium influx. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5 subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as the 5-HT2C receptor. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320456 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 44.17 E-value: 7.15e-05
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| 7tmA_GRPR | cd15124 | gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-137 | 7.64e-05 | |||||
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a G-protein coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is gastrin releasing peptide. GRP shares high sequence homology with the neuropeptide neuromedin B in the C-terminal region. This receptor is high glycosylated and couples to a pertussis-toxin-insensitive G protein of the family of Gq/11, which leads to the activation of phospholipase C. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a potent mitogen for neoplastic tissues and involved in regulating multiple functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. These include the release of gastrointestinal hormones, the contraction of smooth muscle cells, and the proliferation of epithelial cells. GRPR belongs to the bombesin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors, whose members also include neuromedin B receptor (NMBR) and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide, originally isolated from frog skin. Pssm-ID: 320252 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 44.12 E-value: 7.64e-05
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| 7tmA_TAAR2_3_4 | cd15312 | trace amine-associated receptors 2, 3, 4, and similar receptors, member of the class A family ... |
17-134 | 8.56e-05 | |||||
trace amine-associated receptors 2, 3, 4, and similar receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; TAAR2, TAAR3, and TAAR4 are among the 15 identified trace amine-associated receptor subtypes, which form a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320437 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 44.27 E-value: 8.56e-05
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| 7tmA_GPR83 | cd15389 | G protein-coupled receptor 83, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-193 | 1.08e-04 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 83, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR83, also known as GPR72, is widely expressed in the brain, including hypothalamic nuclei which is involved in regulating energy balance and food intake. The hypothalamic expression of GPR83 is tightly regulated in response to nutrient availability and is decreased in obese mice. A recent study suggests that GPR83 has a critical role in the regulation of systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms. GPR83 shares a significant amino acid sequence identity with the tachykinin receptors, however its endogenous ligand is unknown. Pssm-ID: 320511 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 43.87 E-value: 1.08e-04
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| 7tmA_CCK-AR | cd15978 | cholecystokinin receptor type A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-138 | 1.37e-04 | |||||
cholecystokinin receptor type A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320644 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 43.32 E-value: 1.37e-04
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| 7tmA_BNGR-A34-like | cd15000 | putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
333-411 | 1.45e-04 | |||||
putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 found in silkworm and its closely related proteins from invertebrates. They are members of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs, which represent a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320131 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 43.57 E-value: 1.45e-04
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| 7tmA_Galanin_R-like | cd14971 | galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
327-411 | 1.72e-04 | |||||
galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled galanin receptors, kisspeptin receptor and allatostatin-A receptor (AstA-R) in insects. These receptors, which are members of the class A of seven transmembrane GPCRs, share a high degree of sequence homology among themselves. The galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, eating disorders, and epilepsy, among many others. KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (also known as GPR54 or kisspeptin receptor) binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (metastin), which encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1) expressed in various endocrine and reproductive tissues. AstA-R is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control. Pssm-ID: 320102 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 43.22 E-value: 1.72e-04
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| 7tmA_SREB-like | cd15005 | super conserved receptor expressed in brain and related proteins, member of the class A family ... |
14-202 | 1.74e-04 | |||||
super conserved receptor expressed in brain and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The SREB (super conserved receptor expressed in brain) subfamily consists of at least three members, named SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). They are very highly conserved G protein-coupled receptors throughout vertebrate evolution, however no endogenous ligands have yet been identified. SREB2 is greatly expressed in brain regions involved in psychiatric disorders and cognition, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Genetic studies in both humans and mice have shown that SREB2 influences brain size and negatively regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent cognitive function, all of which are suggesting a potential link between SREB2 and schizophrenia. All three SREB genes are highly expressed in differentiated hippocampal neural stem cells. Furthermore, all GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320134 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 43.21 E-value: 1.74e-04
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| 7tmA_Vasopressin-like | cd14986 | vasopressin receptors and its related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A ... |
323-408 | 1.91e-04 | |||||
vasopressin receptors and its related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Members of this group form a subfamily within the class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which includes the vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs), the neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), and orphan GPR150. These receptors share significant sequence homology with each other, suggesting that they have a common evolutionary origin. Vasopressin, also known as arginine vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone, is a neuropeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus. The actions of vasopressin are mediated by the interaction of this hormone with three tissue-specific subtypes: V1AR, V1BR, and V2R. Although vasopressin differs from oxytocin by only two amino acids, they have divergent physiological functions. Vasopressin is involved in regulating osmotic and cardiovascular homeostasis, whereas oxytocin plays an important role in the uterus during childbirth and in lactation. GnRHR, also known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), plays an central role in vertebrate reproductive function; its activation by binding to GnRH leads to the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. Neuropeptide S (NPS) promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects by activating its cognate receptor NPSR. NPSR has also been associated with asthma and allergy. GPR150 is an orphan receptor closely related to the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors. Pssm-ID: 320117 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 43.13 E-value: 1.91e-04
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| 7tmA_NPY6R | cd15396 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
325-409 | 1.94e-04 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 6, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Pssm-ID: 320518 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 42.90 E-value: 1.94e-04
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| 7tmA_D3_dopamine_R | cd15310 | D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
346-411 | 2.05e-04 | |||||
D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. Activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family. This leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing cAMP levels. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320436 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 42.65 E-value: 2.05e-04
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| 7tmA_ETH-R | cd14997 | ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
325-410 | 2.31e-04 | |||||
ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors found in insects, which are members of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Ecdysis-triggering hormones are vital regulatory signals that govern the stereotypic physiological sequence leading to cuticle shedding in insects. Thus, the ETH signaling system has been a target for the design of more sophisticated insect-selective pest control strategies. Two subtypes of ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor were identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Blood-borne ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) activates the behavioral sequence through direct actions on the central nervous system. In insects, ecdysis is thought to be controlled by the interaction between peptide hormones; in particular between ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) from the periphery and eclosion hormone (EH) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) from the central nervous system. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320128 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 42.66 E-value: 2.31e-04
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| 7tmA_NMBR | cd15125 | neuromedin B receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
15-204 | 2.35e-04 | |||||
neuromedin B receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The neuromedin B receptor (NMBR), also known as BB1, is a G-protein coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is the neuropeptide neuromedin B. Neuromedin B is a potent mitogen and growth factor for normal and cancerous lung and for gastrointestinal epithelial tissues. NMBR is widely distributed in the CNS, with especially high levels in olfactory nucleus and thalamic regions. The receptor couples primarily to a pertussis-toxin-insensitive G protein of the Gq/11 family, which leads to the activation of phospholipase C. NMBR belongs to the bombesin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors, whose members also include gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide, originally isolated from frog skin. Pssm-ID: 320253 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 42.63 E-value: 2.35e-04
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| 7tmA_Melanopsin-like | cd15083 | vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
7-142 | 2.65e-04 | |||||
vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represent the Gq-coupled rhodopsin subfamily consists of melanopsins, insect photoreceptors R1-R6, invertebrate Gq opsins as well as their closely related opsins. Melanopsins (also called Opsin-4) are the primary photoreceptor molecules for non-visual functions such as the photo-entrainment of the circadian rhythm and pupillary constriction in mammals. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. The outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) are the insect Drosophila equivalent to the vertebrate rods and are responsible for image formation and motion detection. The invertebrate G(q) opsins includes the arthropod and mollusk visual opsins as well as invertebrate melanopsins, which are also found in vertebrates. Arthropods possess color vision by the use of multiple opsins sensitive to different light wavelengths. Members of this subfamily belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and have seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320211 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 42.71 E-value: 2.65e-04
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| 7tmA_CCK_R | cd15206 | cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
344-411 | 2.84e-04 | |||||
cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320334 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 42.38 E-value: 2.84e-04
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| 7tmA_GPRnna14-like | cd15001 | GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
348-408 | 2.90e-04 | |||||
GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPRnna14 found in body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) as well as its closely related proteins of unknown function. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors. As an obligatory parasite of humans, the body louse is an important vector for human diseases, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. GPRnna14 shares significant sequence similarity with the members of the neurotensin receptor family. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320132 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 42.26 E-value: 2.90e-04
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| 7tmA_ET_R | cd15128 | endothelin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
7-145 | 3.14e-04 | |||||
endothelin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Endothelins are 21-amino acid peptides which able to activate a number of signal transduction processes including phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D, as well as cytosolic protein kinase activation. They play an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and are the most potent vasoconstrictors identified, stimulating cardiac contraction, regulating the release of vasoactive substances, and stimulating mitogenesis in blood vessels. Two endothelin receptor subtypes have been isolated and identified in vertebrates, endothelin A receptor (ET-A) and endothelin B receptor (ET-B), and are members of the seven transmembrane class A G-protein coupled receptor family which activate multiple effectors via different types of G protein. Some vertebrates contain a third subtype, endothelin A receptor (ET-C). ET-A receptors are mainly located on vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas ET-B receptors are present on endothelial cells lining the vessel wall. Endothelin receptors have also been found in the brain. Pssm-ID: 320256 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 42.51 E-value: 3.14e-04
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| 7tmA_Gal2_Gal3_R | cd15097 | galanin receptor subtypes 2 and 3, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
345-411 | 3.58e-04 | |||||
galanin receptor subtypes 2 and 3, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Three receptors subtypes have been so far identified: GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3. The specific functions of each subtype remains mostly unknown, although galanin is thought to be involved in a variety of neuronal functions such as hormone release and food intake. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, depression, eating disorders, epilepsy and stroke, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320225 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 42.12 E-value: 3.58e-04
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| 7tmA_MCHR-like | cd15088 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-187 | 3.80e-04 | |||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320216 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 42.05 E-value: 3.80e-04
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| 7tmA_NPY1R | cd15395 | neuropeptide Y receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
325-409 | 3.87e-04 | |||||
neuropeptide Y receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. When NPY signals through NPY2R in concert with NPY5R, it induces angiogenesis and consequently plays an important role in revascularization and wound healing. On the other hand, when NPY acts through NPY1R and NPYR5, it acts as a vascular mitogen, leading to restenosis and atherosclerosis. Pssm-ID: 320517 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 42.11 E-value: 3.87e-04
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| 7tmA_D3_dopamine_R | cd15310 | D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
15-187 | 4.25e-04 | |||||
D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. Activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family. This leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing cAMP levels. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320436 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 41.88 E-value: 4.25e-04
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| 7tmA_D1B_dopamine_R | cd15319 | D1B (or D5) subtype dopamine receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
20-139 | 5.06e-04 | |||||
D1B (or D5) subtype dopamine receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. The D1-like family receptors are coupled to G proteins of the G(s) family, which activate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320442 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 317 Bit Score: 41.87 E-value: 5.06e-04
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| 7tmA_motilin_R | cd15132 | motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
15-215 | 5.67e-04 | |||||
motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Motilin receptor, also known as GPR38, is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the endogenous ligand motilin. Motilin is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. Motilin is also called as the housekeeper of the gut because it is responsible for the proper filling and emptying of the gastrointestinal tract in response to food intake, and for stimulating the production of pepsin. Motilin receptor shares significant amino acid sequence identity with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and neurotensin receptors (NTS-R1 and 2). Pssm-ID: 320260 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 41.71 E-value: 5.67e-04
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| 7tmA_AstC_insect | cd15094 | somatostatin-like receptor for allatostatin C, member of the class A family of ... |
8-187 | 5.73e-04 | |||||
somatostatin-like receptor for allatostatin C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. In Drosophila melanogaster and other insects, a 15-amino-acid peptide named allatostatin C(AstC) binds the somatostatin-like receptors. Two AstC receptors have been identified in Drosophila with strong sequence homology to human somatostatin and opioid receptors. Pssm-ID: 320222 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 41.69 E-value: 5.73e-04
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| 7tmA_PAR | cd15162 | protease-activated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
12-141 | 6.18e-04 | |||||
protease-activated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes purinergic receptor P2Y8 and protease-activated receptors. P2Y8 (or P2RY8) expression is often increased in leukemia patients, and it plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. P2Y8 is phylogenetically closely related to the protease-activated receptors (PARs), which are activated by serine proteases such as thrombin, trypsin, and tryptase. These proteases cleave the extracellular domain of the receptor to form a new N-terminus, which in turn functions as a tethered ligand. The newly-formed tethered ligand binds intramolecularly to activate the receptor and triggers G-protein binding and intracellular signaling. Four different types of the protease-activated receptors have been identified (PAR1-4) and are predominantly expressed in platelets. PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 are activated by thrombin, whereas PAR2 is activated by trypsin. The PARs are known to couple with several G-proteins including Gi (cAMP inhibitory), G12/13 (Rho and Ras activation), and Gq (calcium signaling) to activate downstream signaling messengers which induces numerous cellular and physiological effects. Pssm-ID: 341328 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 41.28 E-value: 6.18e-04
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| 7tmA_Opioid_R-like | cd14970 | opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-210 | 6.21e-04 | |||||
opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes opioid receptors, somatostatin receptors, melanin-concentrating hormone receptors (MCHRs), and neuropeptides B/W receptors. Together they constitute the opioid receptor-like family, members of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors, binds somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. MCHR binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Neuropeptides B/W receptors are primarily expressed in the CNS and stimulate the cortisol secretion by activating the adenylate cyclase- and the phospholipase C-dependent signaling pathways. Pssm-ID: 320101 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 41.51 E-value: 6.21e-04
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| 7tmA_NPR-like_invertebrate | cd15391 | invertebrate neuropeptide receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-131 | 6.26e-04 | |||||
invertebrate neuropeptide receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes putative neuropeptide receptor found in invertebrates, which is a member of class A of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. This orphan receptor shares a significant amino acid sequence identity with the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). The endogenous ligand for NK1R is substance P, an 11-amino acid peptide that functions as a vasodilator and neurotransmitter and is released from the autonomic sensory nerve fibers. Pssm-ID: 320513 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 41.35 E-value: 6.26e-04
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| 7tmA_CCR1 | cd15183 | CC chemokine receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-141 | 6.53e-04 | |||||
CC chemokine receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CCR1 is widely expressed on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and binds to the inflammatory CC chemokines CCL3, CCL5, CCL6, CCL9, CCL15, and CCL23. CCR1 activates the typical chemokine signaling pathway through the G(i/o) type of G proteins, causing inhibition of adenylate cyclase and stimulation of phospholipase C, PKC, calcium flux, and PLA2. Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. Pssm-ID: 320311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 41.40 E-value: 6.53e-04
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| 7tmA_SSTR4 | cd15973 | somatostatin receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
345-411 | 6.67e-04 | |||||
somatostatin receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. SSTR4 plays a critical role in mediating inflammation. Unlike other SSTRs, SSTR4 subtype is not detected in all pituitary adenomas while it is expressed in the normal human pituitary. Pssm-ID: 320639 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 41.38 E-value: 6.67e-04
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| 7tmA_NOFQ_opioid_R | cd15092 | nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
347-409 | 7.32e-04 | |||||
nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The nociceptin (NOP) receptor binds nociceptin or orphanin FQ, a 17 amino acid endogenous neuropeptide. The NOP receptor is involved in the modulation of various brain activities including instinctive and emotional behaviors. The opioid receptor family is composed of four major subtypes: mu (MOP), delta (DOP), kappa (KOP) opioid receptors, and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP). They are distributed widely in the central nervous system and respond to classic alkaloid opiates, such as morphine and heroin, as well as to endogenous peptide ligands, which include dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins, and nociceptin. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320220 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 41.01 E-value: 7.32e-04
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| 7tmA_Histamine_H4R | cd15295 | histamine receptor subtype H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-141 | 7.78e-04 | |||||
histamine receptor subtype H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine subtype H4R, a member of the histamine receptor family, which belong to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). The H3 and H4 receptors couple to the G(i)-proteins, which leading to the inhibition of cAMP formation. The H3R receptor functions as a presynaptic autoreceptors controlling histamine release and synthesis. The H4R plays an important role in histamine-mediated chemotaxis in mast cells and eosinophils. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320422 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 40.96 E-value: 7.78e-04
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| 7tmA_CCR10 | cd15177 | CC chemokine receptor type 10, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-187 | 8.71e-04 | |||||
CC chemokine receptor type 10, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CCR10 is a homeostatic receptor specific for two C-C motif chemokines, CCL27 and CCL28. Activation of CCR10 by its two ligands mediates diverse activities, ranging from leukocyte trafficking to skin cancer. Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. The CC chemokine receptors are all activating the G protein Gi. Pssm-ID: 341332 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 40.91 E-value: 8.71e-04
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| 7tmA_MCHR1 | cd15338 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
8-196 | 9.35e-04 | |||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320460 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 40.95 E-value: 9.35e-04
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| 7tmA_5-HT1A_vertebrates | cd15330 | serotonin receptor subtype 1A from vertebrates, member of the class A family of ... |
8-149 | 9.45e-04 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtype 1A from vertebrates, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT1 receptors, one of 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter and peripheral signal mediator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT1 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family, which lead to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and calcium influx. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5 subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as the 5-HT2C receptor. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320453 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 260 Bit Score: 40.73 E-value: 9.45e-04
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| 7tmA_GPR68_OGR1 | cd15367 | G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-149 | 9.89e-04 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The ovarian cancer G-protein receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) is a member of the proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family which also includes the G2 accumulation receptor (G2A, also known as GPR132), the T cell death associated gene-8 receptor (TDAG8, GPR65), and the G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4). Proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors sense pH of 7.6 to 6.0 and mediates a variety of biological activities in neutral and mildly acidic pH conditions, whereas the acid-sensing ionotropic ion channels typically sense strong acidic pH. Knock-out mice studies have suggested that OGR1 plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. OGR1 couples to G(q/11) proteins and activates phospholipase C and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Pssm-ID: 320489 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 40.90 E-value: 9.89e-04
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| 7tmA_SREB3_GPR173 | cd15217 | super conserved receptor expressed in brain 3 (or GPR173), member of the class A family of ... |
7-140 | 1.20e-03 | |||||
super conserved receptor expressed in brain 3 (or GPR173), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The SREB (super conserved receptor expressed in brain) subfamily consists of at least three members, named SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). They are very highly conserved G protein-coupled receptors throughout vertebrate evolution, however no endogenous ligands have yet been identified. SREB2 is greatly expressed in brain regions involved in psychiatric disorders and cognition, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Genetic studies in both humans and mice have shown that SREB2 influences brain size and negatively regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent cognitive function, all of which are suggesting a potential link between SREB2 and schizophrenia. All three SREB genes are highly expressed in differentiated hippocampal neural stem cells. Furthermore, all GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320345 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 40.70 E-value: 1.20e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR55-like | cd15165 | G protein-coupled receptor 55 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
21-183 | 1.31e-03 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 55 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR55 shares closest homology with GPR35, and they belong to the class A G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which all have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. GPR55 has been reported to couple to G(13), G(12), or G(q) proteins. Activation of GPR55 leads to activation of phospholipase C, RhoA, ROCK, ERK, p38MAPK, and calcium release. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is currently considered as the endogenous ligand for GPR55, although the receptor was initially de-orphanized as a cannabinoid receptor and binds many cannabinoid ligands. Pssm-ID: 320293 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 40.40 E-value: 1.31e-03
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| 7tmA_TRH-R | cd14995 | thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
340-411 | 1.32e-03 | |||||
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; TRH-R is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which binds the tripeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone. The TRH-R activates phosphoinositide metabolism through a pertussis-toxin-insensitive G-protein, the G(q)/G(11) class. TRH stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary. TRH is produced in many other tissues, especially within the nervous system, where it appears to act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. It also stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin. In the CNS, TRH stimulates a number of behavioral and pharmacological actions, including increased turnover of catecholamines in the nucleus accumbens. There are two thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in some mammals, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (TRH1) which has been found in a number of species including rat, mouse, and human and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (TRH2) which has, only been found in rodents. These TRH receptors are found in high levels in the anterior pituitary, and are also found in the retina and in certain areas of the brain. Pssm-ID: 320126 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 40.45 E-value: 1.32e-03
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| 7tmA_SREB2_GPR85 | cd15218 | super conserved receptor expressed in brain 2 (or GPR85), member of the class A family of ... |
14-139 | 1.39e-03 | |||||
super conserved receptor expressed in brain 2 (or GPR85), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The SREB (super conserved receptor expressed in brain) subfamily consists of at least three members, named SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). They are very highly conserved G protein-coupled receptors throughout vertebrate evolution, however no endogenous ligands have yet been identified. SREB2 is greatly expressed in brain regions involved in psychiatric disorders and cognition, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Genetic studies in both humans and mice have shown that SREB2 influences brain size and negatively regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent cognitive function, all of which are suggesting a potential link between SREB2 and schizophrenia. All three SREB genes are highly expressed in differentiated hippocampal neural stem cells. Furthermore, all GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320346 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 330 Bit Score: 40.40 E-value: 1.39e-03
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| 7tmA_Delta_opioid_R | cd15089 | opioid receptor subtype delta, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
333-411 | 1.40e-03 | |||||
opioid receptor subtype delta, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The delta-opioid receptor binds the endogenous pentapeptide ligands such as enkephalins and produces antidepressant-like effects. The opioid receptor family is composed of four major subtypes: mu (MOP), delta (DOP), kappa (KOP) opioid receptors, and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP). They are distributed widely in the central nervous system and respond to classic alkaloid opiates, such as morphine and heroin, as well as to endogenous peptide ligands, which include dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins, and nociceptin. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320217 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 40.32 E-value: 1.40e-03
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| 7tmA_tyramine_octopamine_R-like | cd15060 | tyramine/octopamine receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
342-411 | 1.40e-03 | |||||
tyramine/octopamine receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes tyramine/octopamine receptors and similar proteins found in insects and other invertebrates. Both octopamine and tyramine mediate their actions via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate adrenergic neurotransmitters. In Drosophila, octopamine is involved in ovulation by mediating an egg release from the ovary, while a physiological role for tyramine in this process is not fully understood. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320188 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 260 Bit Score: 40.11 E-value: 1.40e-03
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| 7tmA_EDG-like | cd14972 | endothelial differentiation gene family, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
341-410 | 1.47e-03 | |||||
endothelial differentiation gene family, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G-protein coupled receptors, melanocortin/ACTH receptors, and cannabinoid receptors as well as their closely related receptors. The Edg GPCRs bind blood borne lysophospholipids including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodeling. The Edg receptors are classified into two subfamilies: the lysophosphatidic acid subfamily that includes LPA1 (Edg2), LPA2 (Edg4), and LPA3 (Edg7); and the S1P subfamily that includes S1P1 (Edg1), S1P2 (Edg5), S1P3 (Edg3), S1P4 (Edg6), and S1P5 (Edg8). Melanocortin receptors bind a group of pituitary peptide hormones known as melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different isoforms of melanocyte-stimulating hormones. Two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, are activated by naturally occurring endocannabinoids, cannabis plant-derived cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol, or synthetic cannabinoids. The CB receptors are involved in the various physiological processes such as appetite, mood, memory, and pain sensation. CB1 receptor is expressed predominantly in central and peripheral neurons, while CB2 receptor is found mainly in the immune system. Pssm-ID: 341317 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 40.35 E-value: 1.47e-03
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| 7tmA_Kappa_opioid_R | cd15091 | opioid receptor subtype kappa, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
347-411 | 1.69e-03 | |||||
opioid receptor subtype kappa, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The kappa-opioid receptor binds the opioid peptide dynorphin as the primary endogenous ligand. The opioid receptor family is composed of four major subtypes: mu (MOP), delta (DOP), kappa (KOP) opioid receptors, and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP). They are distributed widely in the central nervous system and respond to classic alkaloid opiates, such as morphine and heroin, as well as to endogenous peptide ligands, which include dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins, and nociceptin. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320219 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 39.94 E-value: 1.69e-03
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| 7tmA_GnRHR_invertebrate | cd15384 | invertebrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
7-138 | 1.72e-03 | |||||
invertebrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GnRHR, also known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), plays an central role in vertebrate reproductive function; its activation by binding to GnRH leads to the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. GnRHR is expressed predominantly in the gonadotrope membrane of the anterior pituitary as well as found in numerous extrapituitary tissues including lymphocytes, breast, ovary, prostate, and cancer cell lines. There are at least two types of GnRH receptors, GnRHR1 and GnRHR2, which couple primarily to G proteins of the Gq/11 family. GnRHR is closely related to the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKH), which binds to a lipid-mobilizing hormone that is involved in control of insect metabolism. They share a common ancestor and are members of the class A of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Pssm-ID: 320506 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 40.11 E-value: 1.72e-03
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| 7tmA_AstC_insect | cd15094 | somatostatin-like receptor for allatostatin C, member of the class A family of ... |
344-411 | 2.21e-03 | |||||
somatostatin-like receptor for allatostatin C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. In Drosophila melanogaster and other insects, a 15-amino-acid peptide named allatostatin C(AstC) binds the somatostatin-like receptors. Two AstC receptors have been identified in Drosophila with strong sequence homology to human somatostatin and opioid receptors. Pssm-ID: 320222 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 39.77 E-value: 2.21e-03
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| 7tmA_D2_dopamine_R | cd15309 | D2 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
15-196 | 2.24e-03 | |||||
D2 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. Activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family. This leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing cAMP levels. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320435 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 39.63 E-value: 2.24e-03
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| 7tmA_CCR8 | cd15187 | CC chemokine receptor type 8, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-141 | 2.45e-03 | |||||
CC chemokine receptor type 8, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CCR8, the receptor for the CC chemokines CCL1 and CC16, is highly expressed on allergen-specific T-helper type 2 cells, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of human asthma. CCL1- and CCR8-expressing CD4+ effector T lymphocytes are shown to have a critical role in lung mucosal inflammatory responses. CCR8 is also a functional receptor for CCL16, a liver-expressed CC chemokine that involved in attracting lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. Pssm-ID: 320315 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 39.40 E-value: 2.45e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR151 | cd15002 | G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
12-141 | 2.77e-03 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G-protein coupled receptor 151 (GRP151) is an orphan receptor of unknown function. Its expression is conserved in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates and may be a promising novel target for psychiatric drug development. GPR151 shows high sequence similarity with galanin receptors (GALR). GPR151 is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs, which represent a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320133 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 39.32 E-value: 2.77e-03
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| 7tmA_mAChR | cd15049 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of ... |
342-411 | 2.91e-03 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of mAChRs by agonist (acetylcholine) leads to a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological responses. In general, the exact nature of these responses and the subsequent physiological effects mainly depend on the molecular and pharmacological identity of the activated receptor subtype(s). All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341322 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 39.23 E-value: 2.91e-03
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| 7tmA_alpha2_AR | cd15059 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
340-411 | 2.98e-03 | |||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320187 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 261 Bit Score: 39.25 E-value: 2.98e-03
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| 7tmB2_Adhesion | cd15040 | adhesion receptors, subfamily B2 of the class B family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
6-134 | 3.18e-03 | |||||
adhesion receptors, subfamily B2 of the class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The B2 subfamily of class B GPCRs consists of cell-adhesion receptors with 33 members in humans and vertebrates. The adhesion receptors are characterized by the presence of large N-terminal extracellular domains containing a variety of structural motifs, which play critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions, linked to a class B seven-transmembrane domain. These include, for example, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains in CD97, Celsr1 (cadherin family member), Celsr2, Celsr3, EMR1 (EGF-module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1), EMR2, EMR3, and Flamingo; two laminin A G-type repeats and nine cadherin domains in Flamingo and its human orthologs Celsr1, Celsr2 and Celsr3; olfactomedin-like domains in the latrotoxin receptors; and five or four thrombospondin type 1 repeats in BAI1 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1), BAI2 and BAI3. Furthermore, almost all adhesion receptors, except GPR123, contain an evolutionarily conserved GPCR- autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain that undergoes autoproteolytic processing at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif located immediately N-terminal to the first transmembrane region, to generate N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF), which may serve important biological functions. Pssm-ID: 320168 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 253 Bit Score: 39.09 E-value: 3.18e-03
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| 7tmA_P2Y3-like | cd16001 | P2Y purinoceptor 3-like proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
7-141 | 3.56e-03 | |||||
P2Y purinoceptor 3-like proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; P2Y3-like proteins are an uncharacterized group that belongs to the G(i) class of a family of purinergic G-protein coupled receptors. The P2Y receptor family is composed of eight subtypes, which are activated by naturally occurring extracellular nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, and UDP-glucose. These eight receptors are ubiquitous in human tissues and can be further classified into two subfamilies based on sequence homology and second messenger coupling: a subfamily of five P2Y1-like receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11Rs) that are coupled to G(q) protein to activate phospholipase C (PLC) and a second subfamily of three P2Y12-like receptors (P2Y12, P2YR13, and P2Y14Rs) that are coupled to G(i) protein to inhibit adenylate cyclase. Several cloned subtypes, such as P2Y3, P2Y5, and P2Y7-10, are not functional mammalian nucleotide receptors. The native agonists for P2Y receptors are: ATP (P2Y2, P2Y12), ADP (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13), UTP (P2Y2, P2Y4), UDP (P2Y6, P2Y14), and UDP-glucose (P2Y14). Pssm-ID: 320667 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 38.97 E-value: 3.56e-03
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| 7tmA_Adenosine_R_A2A | cd15068 | adenosine receptor subtype A2A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-108 | 3.60e-03 | |||||
adenosine receptor subtype A2A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The A2A receptor, a member of the adenosine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors, binds adenosine as its endogenous ligand and is involved in regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow. High-affinity A2A and low-affinity A2B receptors are preferentially coupled to G proteins of the stimulatory (Gs) family, which lead to activation of adenylate cyclase and thereby increasing the intracellular cAMP levels. The A2A receptor activation protects against tissue injury and acts as anti-inflammatory agent. In human skin endothelial cells, activation of A2B receptor, but not the A2A receptor, promotes angiogenesis. Alternatively, activated A2A receptor, but not the A2B receptor, promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein and lung microvascular endothelial cells. The A2A receptor alters cardiac contractility indirectly by modulating the anti-adrenergic effect of A1 receptor, while the A2B receptor exerts direct effects on cardiac contractile function, but does not modulate beta-adrenergic or A1 anti-adrenergic effects. Pssm-ID: 320196 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 39.15 E-value: 3.60e-03
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| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
333-409 | 3.79e-03 | |||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 39.15 E-value: 3.79e-03
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| 7tmA_Mel1B | cd15400 | melatonin receptor subtype 1B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
353-411 | 4.65e-03 | |||||
melatonin receptor subtype 1B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320522 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 38.68 E-value: 4.65e-03
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| 7tmA_5-HT1_5_7 | cd15064 | serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5 and 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
341-408 | 4.65e-03 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5 and 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes serotonin receptor subtypes 1, 5, and 7 that are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. The 5-HT1 and 5-HT5 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as 5-HT2C receptor. The 5-HT5A and 5-HT5B receptors have been cloned from rat and mouse, but only the 5-HT5A isoform has been identified in human because of the presence of premature stop codons in the human 5-HT5B gene, which prevents a functional receptor from being expressed. The 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to Gs, which positively stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, leading to increased intracellular cAMP formation and calcium influx. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320192 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 258 Bit Score: 38.46 E-value: 4.65e-03
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| 7tmA_AKHR | cd15382 | adipokinetic hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
8-138 | 4.89e-03 | |||||
adipokinetic hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a lipid-mobilizing hormone that is involved in control of insect metabolism. Generally, AKH behaves as a typical stress hormone by mobilizing lipids, carbohydrates and/or certain amino acids such as proline. Thus, it utilizes the body's energy reserves to fight the immediate stress problems and subdue processes that are less important. Although AKH is known to responsible for regulating the energy metabolism during insect flight, it is also found in insects that have lost its functional wings and predominantly walk for their locomotion. AKH is structurally related to the mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and they share a common ancestor. Both GnRH and AKH receptors are members of the class A of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Pssm-ID: 320504 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 38.83 E-value: 4.89e-03
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M2 | cd15297 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of ... |
342-411 | 5.01e-03 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of M2 receptor causes a decrease in cAMP production, generally leading to inhibitory-type effects. This causes an outward current of potassium in the heart, resulting in a decreased heart rate. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 38.41 E-value: 5.01e-03
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| 7tmA_CCR7 | cd15175 | CC chemokine receptor type 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
15-187 | 5.10e-03 | |||||
CC chemokine receptor type 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CCR7 is a major homeostatic receptor responsible for lymph node development and effective adaptive immune responses and plays a critical role in trafficking of dendritic cells and B and T lymphocytes. Its only two ligands, CCL and CCl21, are primarily produced by stromal cells in the T cell zones of lymph nodes and spleen. Chemokines are principal regulators for leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. Chemokine family membership is defined on the basis of sequence homology and on the presence of variations on a conserved cysteine motif, which allows the family to further divide into four subfamilies (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C). Chemokines interact with seven-transmembrane receptors which are typically coupled to G protein for signaling. Currently, there are ten known receptors for CC chemokines, seven for CXC chemokines, and single receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines. The CC chemokine receptors are all activating the G protein Gi. Pssm-ID: 341331 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 38.59 E-value: 5.10e-03
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| 7tmA_TACR-like | cd15202 | tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
345-411 | 5.14e-03 | |||||
tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the neurokinin/tachykinin receptors and its closely related receptors such as orphan GPR83 and leucokinin-like peptide receptor. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320330 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 38.64 E-value: 5.14e-03
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| 7tmA_LWS_opsin | cd15081 | long wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
345-408 | 5.82e-03 | |||||
long wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Long Wave-Sensitive opsin is also called red-sensitive opsin or red cone photoreceptor pigment, which mediates visual transduction in response to light at long wavelengths. Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320209 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 38.35 E-value: 5.82e-03
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| 7tmA_Adenosine_R_A2B | cd15069 | adenosine receptor subtype 2AB, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-137 | 6.11e-03 | |||||
adenosine receptor subtype 2AB, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The A2B receptor, a member of the adenosine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors, binds adenosine as its endogenous ligand and is involved in regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow. High-affinity A2A and low-affinity A2B receptors are preferentially coupled to G proteins of the stimulatory (Gs) family, which lead to activation of adenylate cyclase and thereby increasing the intracellular cAMP levels. The A2A receptor activation protects against tissue injury and acts as anti-inflammatory agent. In human skin endothelial cells, activation of A2B receptor, but not the A2A receptor, promotes angiogenesis. Alternatively, activated A2A receptor, but not the A2B receptor, promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein and lung microvascular endothelial cells. The A2A receptor alters cardiac contractility indirectly by modulating the anti-adrenergic effect of A1 receptor, while the A2B receptor exerts direct effects on cardiac contractile function, but does not modulate beta-adrenergic or A1 anti-adrenergic effects. Pssm-ID: 320197 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 38.38 E-value: 6.11e-03
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| 7tmA_Opsin5_neuropsin | cd15074 | neuropsin (Opsin-5), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
4-130 | 6.57e-03 | |||||
neuropsin (Opsin-5), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropsin, also known as Opsin-5, is a photoreceptor protein expressed in the retina, brain, testes, and spinal cord. Neuropsin belongs to the type 2 opsin family of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Mammalian neuropsin activates Gi protein-mediated photo-transduction pathway in a UV-dependent manner, whereas, in non-mammalian vertebrates, neuropsin is involved in regulating the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction in birds such as quail. As with other opsins, it may also act as a retinal photoisomerase. Pssm-ID: 320202 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 38.41 E-value: 6.57e-03
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| 7tmA_PAR4 | cd15372 | protease-activated receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
10-139 | 7.75e-03 | |||||
protease-activated receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Protease-acted receptors (PARs) are seven-transmembrane proteins that belong to the class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Four different types of the protease-activated receptors have been identified: PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4. PARs are predominantly expressed in platelets and are activated by serine proteases such as thrombin, trypsin, and tryptase. These proteases cleave the extracellular domain of the receptor to form a new N-terminus, which in turn functions as a tethered ligand. The newly-formed tethered ligand binds intramolecularly to activate the receptor and triggers G-protein binding and intracellular signaling. PAR1, PA3, and PAR4 are activated by thrombin, whereas PAR2 is activated by trypsin. The PARs are known to couple with several G-proteins including Gi (cAMP inhibitory), G12/13 (Rho and Ras activation), and Gq (calcium signaling) to activate downstream signaling messengers which induces numerous cellular and physiological effects. Pssm-ID: 320494 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 37.80 E-value: 7.75e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR39 | cd15135 | G protein-coupled receptor 39, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
9-139 | 8.11e-03 | |||||
G protein-coupled receptor 39, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR39 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the growth hormone secretagogue and neurotensin receptor subfamily. GPR39 is expressed in peripheral tissues such as pancreas, gut, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney as well as certain regions of the brain. The divalent metal ion Zn(2+) has been shown to be a ligand capable of activating GPR39. Thus, it has been suggested that GPR39 function as a G(q)-coupled Zn(2+)-sensing receptor which involved in the regulation of endocrine pancreatic function, body weight, gastrointestinal mobility, and cell death. Pssm-ID: 320263 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 320 Bit Score: 38.24 E-value: 8.11e-03
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| 7tmA_SSTR | cd15093 | somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
8-198 | 8.28e-03 | |||||
somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. They share common signaling cascades such as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity, and G-protein-dependent regulation of MAPKs. Pssm-ID: 320221 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 37.83 E-value: 8.28e-03
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| 7tmA_NPFFR2 | cd15980 | neuropeptide FF receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
327-411 | 8.73e-03 | |||||
neuropeptide FF receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an RF-amide motif at their C-terminus that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of these peptides are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. NPFF has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase via the Gi protein coupled to NPFF1-R. Pssm-ID: 320646 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 37.94 E-value: 8.73e-03
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| 7tmA_5-HT1B_1D | cd15333 | serotonin receptor subtypes 1B and 1D, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
4-156 | 9.50e-03 | |||||
serotonin receptor subtypes 1B and 1D, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT1 receptors, one of 14 mammalian 5-HT receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter and peripheral signal mediator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT1 receptors mediate inhibitory neurotransmission by coupling to G proteins of the G(i/o) family, which lead to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and calcium influx. The 5-HT1 receptor subfamily includes 5 subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F. There is no 5-HT1C receptor subtype, as it has been reclassified as the 5-HT2C receptor. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Pssm-ID: 320455 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 37.47 E-value: 9.50e-03
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| 7tmA_mAChR_M4 | cd15298 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4, member of the class A family of ... |
342-411 | 9.54e-03 | |||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to G(i/o) types of G proteins. The M4 receptor is mainly found in the CNS and function as an inhibitory autoreceptor regulating acetycholine release. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341344 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 37.69 E-value: 9.54e-03
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