Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242    22 PEKVGWVRKFcgKGIFREIWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISE-KEVKDEKNIQEVFDLSDYEkCEELRKSKSRSKKNHskFTLAHS 100
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKK--SGGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKsKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCT-VREAPDPDSSKKPHC--FEIKTS 75

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 160419242   101 KQPgntapNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAI 131
Cdd:smart00233  76 DRK-----TLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAI 101

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242    22 PEKVGWVRKFcgKGIFREIWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISE-KEVKDEKNIQEVFDLSDYEkCEELRKSKSRSKKNHskFTLAHS 100
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKK--SGGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKsKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCT-VREAPDPDSSKKPHC--FEIKTS 75

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 160419242   101 KQPgntapNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAI 131
Cdd:smart00233  76 DRK-----TLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAI 101

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  24 KVGWVRKFCGKGIFReiWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISEKEVKDEKNIQEVFDLSDYEKCEELRKsksrsKKNHSKFTLAHSKQp 103
Cdd:cd00821    1 KEGYLLKRGGGGLKS--WKKRWFVLFEGVLLYYKSKKDSSYKPKGSIPLSGILEVEEVSP-----KERPHCFELVTPDG- 72

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 160419242 104 gntaPNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINAL 127
Cdd:cd00821   73 ----RTYYLQADSEEERQEWLKAL 92

Phosphoinositol 3-phosphate binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PEPP1 (also called PLEKHA4/PH domain-containing family A member 4 and RHOXF1/Rhox homeobox family member 1), and related homologs PEPP2 (also called PLEKHA5/PH domain-containing family A member 5) and PEPP3 (also called PLEKHA6/PH domain-containing family A member 6), have PH domains that interact specifically with PtdIns(3,4)P3. Other proteins that bind PtdIns(3,4)P3 specifically are: TAPP1 (tandem PH-domain-containing protein-1) and TAPP2], PtdIns3P AtPH1, and Ptd- Ins(3,5)P2 (centaurin-beta2). All of these proteins contain at least 5 of the 6 conserved amino acids that make up the putative phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate-binding motif (PPBM) located at their N-terminus. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  20 APPEKVGWVRKFCGKGIfrEIWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISeKEVKDEKnIQEVFDLSDYeKCEELRKSKSRSKKNhsKFTLAH 99
Cdd:cd13248    5 APVVMSGWLHKQGGSGL--KNWRKRWFVLKDNCLYYY-KDPEEEK-ALGSILLPSY-TISPAPPSDEISRKF--AFKAEH 77

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 160419242 100 skqpgNTAPNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSA 130
Cdd:cd13248   78 -----ANMRTYYFAADTAEEMEQWMNAMSLA 103

Connector enhancer of KSR (Kinase suppressor of ras) (CNK) pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; CNK family members function as protein scaffolds, regulating the activity and the subcellular localization of RAS activated RAF. There is a single CNK protein present in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans in contrast to mammals which have 3 CNK proteins (CNK1, CNK2, and CNK3). All of the CNK members contain a sterile a motif (SAM), a conserved region in CNK (CRIC) domain, and a PSD-95/DLG-1/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain, and, with the exception of CNK3, a PH domain. A CNK2 splice variant CNK2A also has a PDZ domain-binding motif at its C terminus and Drosophila CNK (D-CNK) also has a domain known as the Raf-interacting region (RIR) that mediates binding of the Drosophila Raf kinase. This cd contains CNKs from mammals, chickens, amphibians, fish, and crustacea. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  26 GWV-RKFCGKGIFREIWKNRYVVLKGDQL--YISEKEVKDEKNIqevfDLSDYeKCEelrkSKSRSKKNHSkFTLAHSKq 102
Cdd:cd01260   17 GWLwKKKEAKSFFGQKWKKYWFVLKGSSLywYSNQQDEKAEGFI----NLPDF-KIE----RASECKKKYA-FKACHPK- 85

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 160419242 103 pgntAPNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAI 131
Cdd:cd01260   86 ----IKTFYFAAENLDDMNKWLSKLNMAI 110

Boi family Pleckstrin homology domain; Yeast Boi proteins Boi1 and Boi2 are functionally redundant and important for cell growth with Boi mutants displaying defects in bud formation and in the maintenance of cell polarity.They appear to be linked to Rho-type GTPase, Cdc42 and Rho3. Boi1 and Boi2 display two-hybrid interactions with the GTP-bound ("active") form of Cdc42, while Rho3 can suppress of the lethality caused by deletion of Boi1 and Boi2. These findings suggest that Boi1 and Boi2 are targets of Cdc42 that promote cell growth in a manner that is regulated by Rho3. Boi proteins contain a N-terminal SH3 domain, followed by a SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain, a proline-rich region, which mediates binding to the second SH3 domain of Bem1, and C-terminal PH domain. The PH domain is essential for its function in cell growth and is important for localization to the bud, while the SH3 domain is needed for localization to the neck. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  26 GWVRKfcgKGIFREIWKNRYVVLKGDQLYI--SEKEVKdEKNiqeVFDLSDYEKceeLRKSKSRSKKNHSKFTLAHSKQP 103
Cdd:cd13316    4 GWMKK---RGERYGTWKTRYFVLKGTRLYYlkSENDDK-EKG---LIDLTGHRV---VPDDSNSPFRGSYGFKLVPPAVP 73

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 160419242 104 GNTApnliFLAVSPEEKESWINAL 127
Cdd:cd13316   74 KVHY----FAVDEKEELREWMKAL 93

Rho GTPase activating protein 25 and related proteins Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; RhoGAP25 (also called ArhGap25) like other RhoGaps are involved in cell polarity, cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. They act as GTPase activators for the Rac-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state and control actin remodeling by inactivating Rac downstream of Rho leading to suppress leading edge protrusion and promotes cell retraction to achieve cellular polarity and are able to suppress RAC1 and CDC42 activity in vitro. Overexpression of these proteins induces cell rounding with partial or complete disruption of actin stress fibers and formation of membrane ruffles, lamellipodia, and filopodia. This hierarchy contains RhoGAP22, RhoGAP24, and RhoGAP25. Members here contain an N-terminal PH domain followed by a RhoGAP domain and either a BAR or TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 4 (TAF4) domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  22 PEKVGWVRKfcGKGIFREiWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISEKEvkDEKNIQEVFDLSDYEKCEElrkskSRSKKNHSKFTL---- 97
Cdd:cd13263    3 PIKSGWLKK--QGSIVKN-WQQRWFVLRGDQLYYYKDE--DDTKPQGTIPLPGNKVKEV-----PFNPEEPGKFLFeiip 72

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 160419242  98 -AHSKQPGNTAPNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAI 131
Cdd:cd13263   73 gGGGDRMTSNHDSYLLMANSQAEMEEWVKVIRRVI 107

General Receptor for Phosphoinositides-1-like Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; GRP1/cytohesin3 and the related proteins ARNO (ARF nucleotide-binding site opener)/cytohesin-2 and cytohesin-1 are ARF exchange factors that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain thought to target these proteins to cell membranes through binding polyphosphoinositides. The PH domains of all three proteins exhibit relatively high affinity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Within the Grp1 family, diglycine (2G) and triglycine (3G) splice variants, differing only in the number of glycine residues in the PH domain, strongly influence the affinity and specificity for phosphoinositides. The 2G variants selectively bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity,the 3G variants bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with about 30-fold lower affinity and require the polybasic region for plasma membrane targeting. These ARF-GEFs share a common, tripartite structure consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a central domain with homology to the yeast protein Sec7, a PH domain, and a C-terminal polybasic region. The Sec7 domain is autoinhibited by conserved elements proximal to the PH domain. GRP1 binds to the DNA binding domain of certain nuclear receptors (TRalpha, TRbeta, AR, ER, but not RXR), and can repress thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-mediated transactivation by decreasing TR-complex formation on thyroid hormone response elements. ARNO promotes sequential activation of Arf6, Cdc42 and Rac1 and insulin secretion. Cytohesin acts as a PI 3-kinase effector mediating biological responses including cell spreading and adhesion, chemotaxis, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, only some of which appear to depend on their ability to activate ARFs. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  22 PEKVGWVRKFCGKgifREIWKNRYVVLKGDQLYISE----KEVK-----DEKNIQEVFDLSDyEKCEELRKSKSRSKKNH 92
Cdd:cd01252    3 PDREGWLLKLGGR---VKSWKRRWFILTDNCLYYFEyttdKEPRgiiplENLSVREVEDKKK-PFCFELYSPSNGQVIKA 78

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 160419242  93 SKFTLAHSKQPGNTAPNLIfLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAITR 133
Cdd:cd01252   79 CKTDSDGKVVEGNHTVYRI-SAASEEERDEWIKSIKASISR 118

ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; ARAP proteins (also called centaurin delta) are phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent GTPase-activating proteins that modulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling by regulating ARF and RHO family members. They bind phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P2) binding. There are 3 mammalian ARAP proteins: ARAP1, ARAP2, and ARAP3. All ARAP proteins contain a N-terminal SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain, 5 PH domains, an ArfGAP domain, 2 ankyrin domain, A RhoGap domain, and a Ras-associating domain. This hierarchy contains the first PH domain in ARAP. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  23 EKVGWVRKFCGKGIFReIWKNRYVVLKGDQL--YISEKEvKDEKNIQEVFDLSDYekceelrksksRSKKNhSKFTLAhs 100
Cdd:cd13253    1 IKSGYLDKQGGQGNNK-GFQKRWVVFDGLSLryFDSEKD-AYSKRIIPLSAISTV-----------RAVGD-NKFELV-- 64

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 160419242 101 kqpgNTAPNLIFLAVSPEEKESWINALNSAI 131
Cdd:cd13253   65 ----TTNRTFVFRAESDDERNLWCSTLQAAI 91

Type 2 Diacylglycerol kinase Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; DGK (also called DAGK) catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate. In non-stimulated cells, DGK activity is low and DAG is used for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Upon receptor activation of the phosphoinositide pathway, DGK activity increases which drives the conversion of DAG to PA. DGK acts as a switch by terminating the signalling of one lipid while simultaneously activating signalling by another. There are 9 mammalian DGK isoforms all with conserved catalytic domains and two cysteine rich domains. These are further classified into 5 groups according to the presence of additional functional domains and substrate specificity: Type 1 - DGK-alpha, DGK-beta, DGK-gamma - contain EF-hand motifs and a recoverin homology domain; Type 2 - DGK-delta, DGK-eta, and DGK-kappa- contain a pleckstrin homology domain, two cysteine-rich zinc finger-like structures, and a separated catalytic region; Type 3 - DGK-epsilon - has specificity for arachidonate-containing DAG; Type 4 - DGK-zeta, DGK-iota- contain a MARCKS homology domain, ankyrin repeats, a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, and a PDZ-binding motif; Type 5 - DGK-theta - contains a third cysteine-rich domain, a pleckstrin homology domain and a proline rich region. The type 2 DGKs are present as part of this Metazoan DGK hierarchy. They have a N-terminal PH domain, two cysteine rich domains, followed by bipartite catalytic domains, and a C-terminal SAM domain. Their catalytic domains and perhaps other DGK catalytic domains may function as two independent units in a coordinated fashion. They may also require other motifs for maximal activity because several DGK catalytic domains have very little DAG kinase activity when expressed as isolated subunits. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 160419242  41 WKNRYVVLKGDQLYISekevKDEKN-IQEVFDLSDYEKCEelrksKSRSKKNHSkFTLAHSKQpgntapNLIFLAVSPEE 119
Cdd:cd13274   16 WKRRYFKLKGRKLYYA----KDSKSlIFEEIDLSDASVAE-----CSTKNVNNS-FTVITPFR------KLILCAESRKE 79

                         90
                 ....*....|....*...
gi 160419242 120 KESWINALNSAITRAKNR 137
Cdd:cd13274   80 MEEWISALKTVQQREFYE 97