Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025 1016 LSPVNQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 1094
Cdd:cd05502      1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1538002025 1095 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 1122
Cdd:cd05502     81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  469 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 520
Cdd:cd19846      1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15623      1 CCRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQEVPGEDWKCLLC 43

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025 1016 LSPVNQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 1094
Cdd:cd05502      1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1538002025 1095 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 1122
Cdd:cd05502     81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  469 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 520
Cdd:cd19846      1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15623      1 CCRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQEVPGEDWKCLLC 43

bromo domain;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025  1017 SPVNQRKCERVLLALFC----HEPCRPLHQLATDSTFSM--EQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLsppYSSPQEFAQDVGRMF- 1089
Cdd:smart00297    1 DPKLQKKLQELLKAVLDkldsHPLSWPFLKPVSRKEAPDyyDIIKKPMDLKTIKKKLENGK---YSSVEEFVADFNLMFs 77

                            90       100       110
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  1090 --KQFNKltEDKADVQSIIGLQRFFETRMNDA 1119
Cdd:smart00297   78 naRTYNG--PDSEVYKDAKKLEKFFEKKLREL 107

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQK---PGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQ--DVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:pfam00628    1 YCAVCGKsddGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDpaEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1538002025   947 ICRVCQKP---GDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCH-LPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGKPddgGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLgPPLLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

zinc-RING finger domain;

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1538002025  373 HCGVCRERLRPEREPRLLPCLHSACSACL 401
Cdd:pfam14634    1 HCNKCFKELSKTRPFYLTSCGHIFCEECL 29

Nuf2, DHR10-like domain; This domain is found at the C-terminal region of Nuf2 proteins. This domain was identified as MazG related domain also designated as Designed helical repeat protein 10 (DHR10) that actually adopts a coiled-coil structure. Nuf2 is part of the Ndc80 complex, which binds to the spindle and is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025  567 EDAVRNQRKLLASLVKRLGD---KHATLQKNTKEVRSSIRQVSDVQKRVQ-VDVKMAILQ-IMKELNKRGRvlvndAQKV 641
Cdd:pfam18595    1 SSTLAEEKEELAELERKARElqaKIDALQVVEKDLRSCIKLLEEIEAELAkLEEAKKKLKeLRDALEEKEI-----ELRE 75

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1538002025  642 TEGQQERLERQ--HWT--MTKIQKHQE 664
Cdd:pfam18595   76 LERREERLQRQleNAQekLERLREQAE 102

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025 1016 LSPVNQRKCERVLLALFCHEPCRPLHQLAT-DSTFSMEQPGGTLDLTLIRARLQEKLSPPYSSPQEFAQDVGRMFKQFNK 1094
Cdd:cd05502      1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCHELSLPFHEPVSpSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCYK 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1538002025 1095 LTEDKADV-QSIIGLQRFFETRMNDAFGD 1122
Cdd:cd05502     81 FNEEDSEVaQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta/KAP-1 acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  469 DANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRSTGPAK 520
Cdd:cd19846      1 ETIQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRVKSSSK 52

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1-gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1538002025  473 CCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRST 516
Cdd:cd19805      1 VCTSCEDNAPATSFCVECSEWLCDTCVQAHQRVKVTKDHTIRSK 44

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15623      1 CCRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQEVPGEDWKCLLC 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-alpha interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoic X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta), and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as the vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain the transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53, and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal PHD-Bromo region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  472 QCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVR 514
Cdd:cd19845      1 QVCTSCEDNAEANGFCVECVEWLCKTCIEAHQRVKFTKDHTVR 43

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15541      1 WCAVCQNGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFPSGEWSCSLC 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1-gamma); TIF1-gamma, also known as tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33), ectodermin, RFG7, or PTC7, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-gamma is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. It inhibits the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1-gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key actor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 family members, TIF1-gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1538002025  468 QDANQCCTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVR 514
Cdd:cd19847      2 EKSEQVCTSCEDNASAVGFCVECGEWLCKTCIEAHQRVKFTKDHMIR 48

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66) and similar proteins; TRIM66, also termed transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TRIM66 displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TRIM66 plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TRIM66 belongs to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  528 VYCSVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDA 569
Cdd:cd19794      1 LMCPLHNQEPLKLFCETCDVLVCRSCLLSEHKEHRFKHLDEA 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in the transcriptional inknown asiary factor 1 (TIF1) subfamily and similar proteins; The TIF1 subfamily of transcriptional cofactors containing RING-HC fingers includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), and TIF1gamma (TRIM33), which belong to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatin proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). TIF1delta (TRIM66) doesn't have a RING-HC finger and is not included in this model.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1538002025  371 LEHCGVCRERLRPeREPRLLPCLHSACSACLGpaapaaaaanssGDGGGGAAAAAAASAAGDGAMVDCPVCKQQC 445
Cdd:cd16585      1 LDTCAVCKQSFQS-REPKLLPCLHSFCKRCLP------------PADRAAANPSPSGGAAGQVGVIRCPVCKQEC 62

B-box-type 1 zinc finger (Bbox1); The B-box-type zinc finger is a short zinc binding domain of around 40 amino acid residues in length. It has been found in transcription factors, ribonucleoproteins and proto-oncoproteins, such as in TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins that consist of an N-terminal RING finger (originally called an A-box), followed by 1-2 B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain (also called RBCC for Ring, B-box, Coiled-Coil). The B-box-type zinc finger often presents in combination with other motifs, like RING zinc finger, NHL motif, coiled-coil or RFP domain, in functionally unrelated proteins, most likely mediating protein-protein interactions. Based on different consensus sequences and the spacing of the 7-8 zinc-binding residues, the B-box-type zinc fingers can be divided into two groups, type 1 (Bbox1: C6H2) and type 2 (Bbox2: CHC3H2). This family corresponds to the type 1 B-box (Bbox1).

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1538002025  474 CTSCEDNaPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEA-HQRVKYTKDHTVRS 515
Cdd:cd19757      2 CDECEER-EATVYCLECEEFLCDDCSDAiHRRGKLTRSHKLVP 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in Drosophila melanogaster brain tumor protein (BRAT) and similar proteins; BRAT is a NHL-domain family protein that functions as a translational repressor to inhibit cell proliferation. This family also contains Caenorhabditis elegans B-box type zinc finger protein ncl-1, a C. elegans Brat homolog which functions as a translational repressor that inhibits protein synthesis. BRAT contains Bbox1 and Bbox2 zinc fingers and NHL repeats. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1538002025  525 ERTVYCSVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHK--DHQYQFL 566
Cdd:cd19798      1 EKPVFCPKHPNEVLKFFCKTCNIPICKDCTLLDHNkgLHDYEYL 44

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta); TIF1delta, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TIF1delta displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TIF1delta plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TIF1delta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLCHVL 992
Cdd:cd15625      5 CAVCLNGGELLCCDRCPKVFHLSCHVPALLSFPVGEWVCTLCRNL 49

PHD finger 1 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15559      2 CRVCHKLGDLLCCETCSAVYHLECVDPPLEEVPEEDWQCEVC 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 71 (TRIM71) and similar proteins; TRIM71, also known as protein lineage variant 41 (lin-41), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may play essential roles in embryonic stem cells, cellular reprogramming, and the timing of embryonic neurogenesis. It was first identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a target of the differentiation-associated microRNA (miRNA) let-7 (lethal 7), and therefore part of a heterochronic gene network that controls larval development. In humans, it regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis via modulation of Lin28B protein polyubiquitination. TRIM71 localizes to cytoplasmic P-bodies and directly interacts with the miRNA pathway proteins Argonaute 2 (AGO2) and DICER. It represses miRNA activity by promoting degradative ubiquitination of AGO2. Moreover, TRIM71 associates with SHCBP1, a novel component of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and regulates its non-degradative polyubiquitination. It is also involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the CDKN1A, RBL1 and RBL2 or EGR1 mRNAs through mediating RNA-binding in embryonic stem cells. TRIM71 belongs to the C-VII subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1538002025  528 VYCSVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLEDAVRNQR 574
Cdd:cd19796      2 SYCEIHEHEVLRLYCDTCSVPICRECTMGEHRGHSFIYLQEAVQDSK 48

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1gamma); TIF1gamma, also termed tripartite motif-containing 33 (trim33), or ectodermin, or RFG7, or PTC7, is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling; it inhibits the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key factor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 family members, TIF1gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis. TIF1gamma contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLCHVL 992
Cdd:cd15624      2 CAVCQNGGDLLCCEKCPKVFHLTCHVPTLLSFPSGDWICTFCRDI 46

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15532      2 CRVCKDGGELLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLAEIPDGDWFCPRC 43

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein BAZ1A and BAZ1B; BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. Both BAZ1A and BAZ1B contain a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15544      2 CKVCRKKGDpdnMILCDGCDKAFHLYCLRPALREVPSGDWFCPAC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1B (BAZ1B); BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. BAZ1B contains a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15628      2 CKVCRKKGEddkLILCDECNQAFHLFCLRPALYEVPDGEWMCPAC 46

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in Drosophila melanogaster brain tumor protein (BRAT) and similar proteins; BRAT is a NHL-domain family protein that functions as a translational repressor to inhibit cell proliferation. The family also contains Caenorhabditis elegans B-box type zinc finger protein ncl-1, a C. elegans Brat homolog which functions as a translational repressor that inhibits protein synthesis. BRAT contains Bbox1 and Bbox2 zinc fingers and NHL repeats. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1538002025  474 CTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTV 513
Cdd:cd19813      2 CTGCKSKETAVARCFDCQVLLCANCVTAHQFMHCFKDHRV 41

PHD finger 1 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15531      2 CEVCQQGGEIILCDTCPRAYHLVCLDPELEKAPEGKWSCPHC 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in RING finger protein 207 (RNF207) and similar proteins; RNF207 is a cardiac-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac repolarization. It regulates action potential duration, likely via effects on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) trafficking and localization, in a heat shock protein-dependent manner. RNF207 contains a RING finger, a B-box motif and Bbox C-terminal (BBC) domain, as well as a C-terminal non-homologous region (CNHR). The B-box motif shows high sequence similarity with B-Box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs). The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1538002025  474 CTSCEDNAPATSYCVECSEPLCETCVE-AHQRVKYTKdHTV 513
Cdd:cd19814      2 CANCDSECLAMFYCNTCGQPLCDDCREeTHRAKMFSK-HEV 41

PHD finger found in the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components; The Sp100/Sp140 family includes nuclear body proteins SP100, SP140, and similar proteins. Sp110, also termed interferon-induced protein 41/75, or speckled 110 kDa, or transcriptional coactivator Sp110, is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. Sp110 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. Sp110 contains a Sp100-like domain, a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD). SP140, also termed lymphoid-restricted homolog of Sp100 (LYSp100), or nuclear autoantigen Sp-140, or speckled 140 kDa, is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus's viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Sp140 contains a nuclear localization signal, a dimerization domain (HSR or CARD domain), a SAND domain, a PHD finger, and a BRD.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALqDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15626      2 CEVCGQEGKLFCCCTCSRVFHEDCHIPPV-EAQRSPWSCTFC 42

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1538002025  948 CRVC---QKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVP-GEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15525      2 CHVCggkQDPEKQLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTSLPdDDEWYCPDC 47

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPAL--QDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15533      2 CDSCGEGGDLLCCDRCPASFHLQCCNPPLdeEDLPPGEWLCHRC 45

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGD----LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQD-VPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15489      1 SCIVCGKGGDlggeLLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPPLSSfVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2C contains several plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, an ATPase alpha beta signature, a high mobility group (HMG)-1 box, a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain and two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15594      1 VCQTCRQPGDdnkMLVCDTCDKGYHTFCLQPVMTTIPKNGWKCKNC 46

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobilitygroup)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15510      1 VCQACRQPGDdtkMLVCETCDKGYHTSCLRPVMSSIPKYGWKCKNC 46

PHD finger found in protein BS69; Protein BS69, also termed zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 11 (ZMYND11 or ZMY11), is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein acting as a transcriptional co-repressor in association with various transcription factors. It was originally identified as an adenovirus 5 E1A-binding protein that inhibits E1A transactivation, as well as c-Myb transcription. It also mediates repression, at least in part, through interaction with the co-repressor N-CoR. Moreover, it interacts with Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain (TIR)-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1, also named TRIF) to facilitate NF-kappaB activation and type I IFN induction. It associates with PIAS1, a SUMO E3 enzyme, and Ubc9, a SUMO E2 enzyme, and plays an inhibitory role in muscle and neuronal differentiation. Moreover, BS69 regulates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)/C-terminal activation region 2 (CTAR2)-mediated NF-kappaB activation by interfering with the complex formation between TNFR-associated death domain protein (TRADD) and LMP1/CTAR2. It also cooperates with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in the regulation of EBV-derived LMP1/CTAR1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, BS69 is involved in the p53-p21Cip1-mediated senescence pathway. BS69 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a bromodomain, a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain, and a Myeloid translocation protein 8, Nervy and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain.

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gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15537      2 CFECHAPGEVLPCSGCFRVYHSDCLSEDFRPDSTSHWTCPVC 43

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (UHRF1); UHRF1 (also termed inverted CCAAT box-binding protein of 90 kDa, nuclear protein 95, nuclear zinc finger protein Np95 (Np95), RING finger protein 106, transcription factor ICBP90, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1) is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF1 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET and RING finger associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING-finger domain. It specifically binds to hemimethylated DNA, double-stranded CpG dinucleotides, and recruits the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 to its hemimethylated DNA substrate through its SRA domain. UHRF1-dependent H3K23 ubiquitylation has an essential role in maintaining DNA methylation and replication. The tandem Tudor domain directs UHRF1 binding to the heterochromatin mark histone H3K9me3 and the PHD finger targets UHRF1 to unmodified histone H3 in euchromatic regions. The RING-finger domain exhibit both autocatalytic E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase activity and activity against histone H3 and DNMT1.

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gi 1538002025  948 CRVC---QKPGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVPG-EEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15616      2 CHVCggkQDPDKQLMCDECDMAFHIYCLNPPLSSIPDdEDWYCPEC 47

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQK-----PGDLVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDV---PGEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15578      1 VCTVCQDgssesPNEIVLCDKCGQGYHQLCHNPKIDSSvldPDVPWLCRQC 51

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM2, TRIM3, and similar proteins; TRIM2, also known as RING finger protein 86 (RNF86), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that ubiquitinates the neurofilament light chain, a component of the intermediate filament in axons. Loss of function of TRIM2 results in early-onset axonal neuropathy. TRIM3, also known as brain-expressed RING finger protein (BERP), RING finger protein 97 (RNF97), or RING finger protein 22 (RNF22), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. It also plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, TRIM3 may be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the cytoskeleton-associated-recycling or transport (CART) complex that is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling, but not for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation. Both TRIM2 and TRIM3 belong to the C-VII subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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gi 1538002025  530 CSVHKHEPLVLFCESCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQFLED 568
Cdd:cd19759      4 CPNHDGETLEFYCESCETAVCRECTAGEHNEHRTVLLKD 42

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM8, TRIM16, TRIM25, TRIM29, TRIM44, TRIM47 and similar proteins; This family includes a group of tripartite motif-containing proteins, including TRIM8, TRIM16, TRIM25, TRIM29, TRIM44 and TRIM47. TRIM8, also known as glioblastoma-expressed RING finger protein (GERP) or RING finger protein 27 (RNF27), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may promote proteasomal degradation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and further regulate interferon-gamma signaling. It functions as a new p53 modulator that stabilizes p53, impairing its association with MDM2 and inducing the reduction of cell proliferation. TRIM16, also termed estrogen-responsive B box protein (EBBP), may play a role in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. It may also act as a tumor suppressor by affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcinogenesis. TRIM25, also termed estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), or ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme TRIM25, or zinc finger protein 147 (ZNF147), or E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25, is induced by estrogen and is particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. It has been implicated in cell proliferation, protein modification, and the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase able to transfer ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. TRIM29, also termed ataxia telangiectasia group D-associated protein (ATDC), plays a crucial role in the regulation of macrophage activation in response to viral or bacterial infections within the respiratory tract. TRIM44, also termed protein DIPB, functions as a critical regulator in tumor metastasis and progression. TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. The TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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gi 1538002025  473 CCTSCEDNA--PATSYCVECSEPLCETCVEAHQRVKYTKDHTVRS 515
Cdd:cd19802      1 LCDFCDPGKalKAVKSCLTCEASLCEIHLRPHLESPALKSHQLVE 45

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

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gi 1538002025  947 ICRVCQKPGDLVMCNQ--CEFCFHLDChlPALQDVPGEEWSCS 987
Cdd:cd15568      1 ECFRCGDGGDLVLCDFkgCPKVYHLSC--LGLEKPPGGKWICP 41

PHD finger 3 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

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gi 1538002025  948 CRVCQKPGD---LVMCNQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQDVP---GEEWSCSLC 989
Cdd:cd15563      2 CCVCKQTGDnsqLVRCDECKLCYHFGCLDPPLKKSPkqrGYGWVCEEC 49

Nuf2, DHR10-like domain; This domain is found at the C-terminal region of Nuf2 proteins. This domain was identified as MazG related domain also designated as Designed helical repeat protein 10 (DHR10) that actually adopts a coiled-coil structure. Nuf2 is part of the Ndc80 complex, which binds to the spindle and is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.

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gi 1538002025  567 EDAVRNQRKLLASLVKRLGD---KHATLQKNTKEVRSSIRQVSDVQKRVQ-VDVKMAILQ-IMKELNKRGRvlvndAQKV 641
Cdd:pfam18595    1 SSTLAEEKEELAELERKARElqaKIDALQVVEKDLRSCIKLLEEIEAELAkLEEAKKKLKeLRDALEEKEI-----ELRE 75