Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 15230408 622 TDPKTQRLYISFQENQYPDKATKESLAKELQMTVKQVNNWFKHRR 666
Cdd:cd00086   8 TPEQLEELEKEFEKNPYPSREEREELAKELGLTERQVKIWFQNRR 52

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 15230408   267 FCAKCGSKDLsvDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPpdDEGWLCPGCDCK 322
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKSDD--GGELVQCDG-CDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIP--SGEWLCPECKPK 51

Homeodomain; DNA-binding factors that are involved in the transcriptional regulation of key developmental processes

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 15230408    622 TDPKTQRLYISFQENQYPDKATKESLAKELQMTVKQVNNWFKHRR 666
Cdd:smart00389   9 TPEQLEELEKEFQKNPYPSREEREELAKKLGLSERQVKVWFQNRR 53

Homeodomain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 15230408   622 TDPKTQRLYISFQENQYPDKATKESLAKELQMTVKQVNNWFKHRR 666
Cdd:pfam00046   8 TPEQLEELEKEFQENPYPSAEEREELAAQLGLTERQVKVWFQNRR 52

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 15230408   267 FCAKCGSKDLsvDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPpdDEGWLCPGCDCK 322
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKSDD--GGELVQCDG-CDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIP--SGEWLCPECKPK 51

Homeodomain; DNA-binding factors that are involved in the transcriptional regulation of key developmental processes

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 15230408    622 TDPKTQRLYISFQENQYPDKATKESLAKELQMTVKQVNNWFKHRR 666
Cdd:smart00389   9 TPEQLEELEKEFQKNPYPSREEREELAKKLGLSERQVKVWFQNRR 53

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and similar proteins; The JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins includes Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and a Drosophila homolog, protein little imaginal discs (Lid). KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. KDM5C is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) that functions as a JmjC-dependent H3K4me3 demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Members in this family contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDlsVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15515   2 CQVCGRGD--DEDKLLLCDG-CDDSYHTFCLIPPL--PDIPPGD--WRCPKC 46

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDlsVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDDEgWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15525   2 CHVCGGKQ--DPEKQLLCDE-CDMAYHLYCLDPPL--TSLPDDDE-WYCPDC 47

PHD finger 1 found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid2 complex component Lid2p and similar proteins; Lid2p is a trimethyl H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. It interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, and mediates H3K9 methylation and small RNA production. It also acts cooperatively with the histone modification enzymes Set1 and Lsd1 and plays an essential role in cross-talk between H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin. Lid2p contains a JmjC domain, three PHD fingers and a JmjN domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDLsvDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKedIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15519   2 CEVCGLDDN--EGEVLLCDG-CDAEYHTSCLDPPLGE--IPPGT--WFCPSC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1A (BAZ1A); BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1A contains a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 15230408 282 IILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKedIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15627  14 MLLCDG-CDRGHHMYCLRPPLKK--VPEGD--WFCPDC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein BAZ1A and BAZ1B; BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. Both BAZ1A and BAZ1B contain a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKdlSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKedIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15544   2 CKVCRKK--GDPDNMILCDG-CDKAFHLYCLRPALRE--VPSGD--WFCPAC 46

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 15230408 281 DIILCDgFCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15533  10 DLLCCD-RCPASFHLQCCNPPLDEEDLPPGE--WLCHRC 45

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGsKDLSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDippDDEGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15489   1 SCIVCG-KGGDLGGELLQCDG-CGKWFHADCLGPPLSSFV---PNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins; Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGSKDLsvdndIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15535   1 FCSACGGYGS-----FLCCDG-CPRSFHFSCLDPPLEEDNLPDDE--WFCNEC 45

PHD finger 1 found in Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) and similar proteins; Drosophila melanogaster Lid, also termed Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog, is identified genetically as a trithorax group (trxG) protein that is a Drosophila homolog of the human protein JARID1A/kdm5A, a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. Lid functions as a JmjC-dependent trimethyl histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Lid contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger of Lid.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDlsVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15605   2 CHTCGRGD--GEESMLLCDG-CDDSYHTFCLLPPL--SEVPKGD--WRCPKC 46

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGSkdlsvDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRkedIPPDDEgWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15532   1 FCRVCKD-----GGELLCCDG-CPSSYHLHCLNPPLA---EIPDGD-WFCPRC 43

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. It contains a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15230408 279 DND--IILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPplRKEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15629   9 DNDeyLLLCDG-CDRGCHMYCHRP--KMLQVPEGD--WFCPNC 46

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A); KDM5A (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1A, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1A, or Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBBP-2 or RBP2)) was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5A functions as a trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase that belongs to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It also displays DNA-binding activities that can recognize the specific DNA sequence CCGCCC. KDM5A contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15230408 266 IFCAKCGSKDlsvdnDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15602   3 LFCGRGNNED-----KLLLCDG-CDDSYHTFCLIPPL--PDVPKGD--WRCPKC 46

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGSKDLsvDNDIILCDgFCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKediPPDDEGWLCP 317
Cdd:cd15534   1 VCFKCNRSCR--VAPLIQCD-YCPLLFHLDCLDPPLTH---PPATGRWMCP 45

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDLSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPPDDEgWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15578   2 CTVCQDGSSESPNEIVLCDK-CGQGYHQLCHNPKIDSSVLDPDVP-WLCRQC 51

PHD finger 5 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and PHD finger 4 found in KMT2D; KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3), or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, several plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobility group)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger of KMT2C and the fourth PHD finger of KMT2D.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKdlSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDdeGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15513   2 CEGCGKA--SDESRLLLCDD-CDISYHTYCLDPPL--QTVPKG--GWKCKWC 46

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGSKDLSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkedIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15492   1 VCDVCLDGESEDDNEIVFCDG-CNVAVHQSCYGIPL----IPEGD--WFCRKC 46

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D); KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. KMT2D enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such asHOXA1-3 and NESTIN. It is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and KMT2D. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D contains the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobility group)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 15230408 279 DNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDDegWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15595  11 DSKMLVCEA-CDKGYHTFCLKPAM--ESLPTDS--WKCKAC 46

PHD finger 3 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

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gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDLSvdNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEdipPDDEG--WLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15563   2 CCVCKQTGDN--SQLVRCDE-CKLCYHFGCLDPPLKKS---PKQRGygWVCEEC 49

PHD finger found in Transcription factor 19 (TCF-19), Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A and KDM5B, and other similar proteins; TCF-19 was identified as a putative trans-activating factor with expression beginning at the late G1-S boundary in dividing cells. It functions as a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 beta cell line. It plays an important role in susceptibility to both Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM); it has been suggested that it may positively impact beta cell mass under conditions of beta cell stress and increased insulin demand. KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interaction with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK, and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. This family also includes Caenorhabditis elegans Lysine-specific demethylase 7 homolog (ceKDM7A). ceKDM7A (also termed JmjC domain-containing protein 1.2, PHD finger protein 8 homolog, or PHF8 homolog) is a plant homeodomain (PHD)- and JmjC domain-containing protein that functions as a histone demethylase specific for H3K9me2 and H3K27me2. The binding of the PHD finger to H3K4me3 guides H3K9me2- and H3K27me2-specific demethylation by its catalytic JmjC domain in a trans-histone regulation mechanism. In addition, this family includes plant protein OBERON 1 and OBERON 2, Alfin1-like (AL) proteins, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) HAC, and AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 4 (ARID4).

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gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDLSVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLeppLRKEDIPPDDEGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15517   2 CGICNLETAAVDELWVQCDG-CDKWFHQFCL---GLSNERYADEDKFKCPNC 49

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SANT domain-containing protein 2 (Snt2p) and similar proteins; Snt2p is a yeast protein that may function in multiple stress pathways. It coordinates the transcriptional response to hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress through interaction with Ecm5 and the Rpd3 deacetylase. Snt2p contains a bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain, two canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a SANT (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR and TFIIIB) DNA-binding domain; this model corresponds to the first canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

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gi 15230408 268 CAKCG---SKDLSVDndiilCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEdiPPDDEGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15497   2 CKVCKewcASDDSVR-----CDE-CKVSYHLLCVDPPLTKK--PNRGFVWSCAPC 48

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobilitygroup)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

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gi 15230408 279 DNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEPPLrkEDIPPDdeGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15510  11 DTKMLVCET-CDKGYHTSCLRPVM--SSIPKY--GWKCKNC 46

PHD finger found in transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 3 (TAF3); TAF3 (also termed 140 kDa TATA box-binding protein-associated factor, TBP-associated factor 3, transcription initiation factor TFIID 140 kDa subunit (TAF140), or TAFII-140, is an integral component of TFIID) is a general initiation factor (GTF) that plays a key role in preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly through core promoter recognition. The interaction of H3K4me3 with TAF3 directs global TFIID recruitment to active genes, which regulates gene-selective functions of p53 in response to genotoxic stress. TAF3 is highly enriched in embryonic stem cells and is required for endoderm lineage differentiation and prevents premature specification of neuroectoderm and mesoderm. Moreover, TAF3, along with TRF3, forms a complex that is essential for myogenic differentiation. TAF3 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster BIP2 (Bric-a-brac interacting protein 2) protein, which functions as an interacting partner of D. melanogaster p53 (Dmp53).

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gi 15230408 267 FCAKCGSKDlsVDNDIILCDGfCDRGFHQYCLEpplrKEDIPPDDEGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15522   1 ICPICKKPD--DGSPMIGCDE-CDDWYHWECVG----ITDEPPEEDDWFCPKC 46

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19); PHF19, also termed Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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gi 15230408 268 CAKCGSKDLSVDNDIILCdGFCDRGFHQYCLEPPLRKEDIPPdDEGWLCPGC 319
Cdd:cd15579   2 CNVCLGKSSGPLNEILIC-GKCGLGYHQQCHIPVVDSSDDPP-LTPWFCRRC 51