basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in transcription factor AP-4 (TFAP4) and similar proteins; TFAP4, also termed activating enhancer-binding protein 4, or Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 41 (bHLHc41), is a bHLHzip transcription factor that activates both viral and cellular genes involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence 5'-CAGCTG-3'.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  46 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 106
Cdd:cd11419   1 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLRTLLPHCDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 61

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in transcription factor AP-4 (TFAP4) and similar proteins; TFAP4, also termed activating enhancer-binding protein 4, or Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 41 (bHLHc41), is a bHLHzip transcription factor that activates both viral and cellular genes involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence 5'-CAGCTG-3'.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  46 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 106
Cdd:cd11419   1 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLRTLLPHCDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 61

helix loop helix domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 14714849     54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQE 102
Cdd:smart00353   1 NARERRRRRKINEAFDELRSLLPtLPKNKKLSKAEILRLAIEYIKSLQEE 50

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in transcription factor AP-4 (TFAP4) and similar proteins; TFAP4, also termed activating enhancer-binding protein 4, or Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 41 (bHLHc41), is a bHLHzip transcription factor that activates both viral and cellular genes involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence 5'-CAGCTG-3'.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  46 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 106
Cdd:cd11419   1 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLRTLLPHCDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 61

helix loop helix domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 14714849     54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQE 102
Cdd:smart00353   1 NARERRRRRKINEAFDELRSLLPtLPKNKKLSKAEILRLAIEYIKSLQEE 50

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homolog 8 (ATOH8) and similar proteins; ATOH8, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 21 (bHLHa21), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-6 (hATH6), is a bHLH shear-stress-responsive transcription factor expressed in activated satellite cells and proliferating myoblasts of human skeletal muscle tissue. It regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube-like structures formation. ATOH8 binds a palindromic (canonical) core consensus DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG- 3' known as an E-box element, possibly as a heterodimer with other bHLH proteins.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  47 RIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLeqekTRLLQQNTQ 112
Cdd:cd11421   6 RQRRIEANARERTRVHTISAAFEALRKAVPsYSYNQKLSKLAILRIACSYILAL----ARLADLDYS 68

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in MLX-interacting protein (MLXIP), MLX-interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) and similar proteins; The family includes MLXIP and MLXIPL. MLXIP, also termed Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 36 (bHLHe36), or transcriptional activator MondoA, is a bHLHZip transcriptional activator that binds DNA as a heterodimer with Mlx. It binds to the canonical E box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3' and plays a role in transcriptional activation of glycolytic target genes. MLXIP is most highly expressed in skeletal muscle and functions as an indirect glucose sensor, by sensing glucose 6-phosphate and shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. MLXIPL, also termed carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), or Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 14 (bHLHd14), or MLX interactor, or WS basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper protein (WS-bHLH), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 14 protein (WBSCR14), is a bHLHZip transcriptional factor integral to the regulation of glycolysis and lipogenesis in the liver. It forms heterodimers with the bHLHZip protein Mlx to bind the DNA sequence 5'-CACGTG-3'.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 14714849  47 RIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP---HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKRFI 117
Cdd:cd11405   1 EQRRLSHISAEQKRRFNIKSGFDTLQSLIPslgQNPNQKVSKAAMLQKAAEYIKSLKRERQQMQEEAEQLRQEI 74

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homologs ATOH1, ATOH7 and similar proteins; The family includes ATOH1 and ATOH7. ATOH1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 14 (bHLHa14), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-1 (hATH1), or Math1, or Cath1, is a proneural bHLH transcription factor that is essential for inner ear hair cell differentiation. It dimerizes with E47 and activates E-box (CANNTG) dependent transcription. ATOH1 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster gene atonal and mouse atonal homolog 1 (Math1). ATOH7, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 13 (bHLHa13), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-5 (hATH5), or Math5, is a bHLH transcription factor involved in the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells. The family also includes protein Amos (also termed absent MD neurons and olfactory sensilla protein, or reduced olfactory organs protein, or rough eye protein). It is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes multiple dendritic neuron formation in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQE 102
Cdd:cd11430   1 RRLAANARERRRMNGLNRAFDQLRSVVPSIGNDkKLSKYETLQMAQIYIETLSEL 55

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster protein taxi and similar proteins; Protein taxi, also termed protein delilah (Dei), is a bHLH transcription factor that is involved in regulation of cell adhesion and attachment that is expressed in specialized cells that provide anchoring sites to either muscles (tendon cells), or proprioceptors (chordotonal attachment cells) during embryonic development. It probably plays an important role in the differentiation of epidermal cells into the tendon cells that form the attachment sites for all muscles.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP----HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd11431   1 RRKTANARERDRMREINDAFEALRRAVPeypvAGKDGKLTKITTLRLAMNYIKALTD 57

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in protein Max and similar proteins; Max, also termed Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 4 (bHLHd4), or Myc-associated factor X, is a bHLHZip transcription regulator that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein complex with MYC or MAD which recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. The MYC:MAX complex is a transcriptional activator, whereas the MAD:MAX complex is a transcriptional repressor. Max homodimer bind DNA but is transcriptionally inactive. Targeted deletion of max results in early embryonic lethality in mice.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKR 115
Cdd:cd11406   1 KRAHHNALERKRRDHIKDSFHSLRDSVPSLQGEKASRAQILKKATEYIQYMRRKNHTHQQDIDDLKR 67

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing protein USF3 and similar proteins; USF3, also termed upstream transcription factor 3, is a bHLHzip protein that is involved in the negative regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the process by which epithelial cells lose their polarity and adhesion properties to become mesenchymal cells with enhanced migration and invasive properties.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 14714849  45 ERRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQ 109
Cdd:cd18910   1 RREKKRESHNEVERRRKDKINAGINKIGELLPDRDAKKQSKNMILEQAYKYIVELKKKNDKLLLN 65

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and similar proteins; SREBP1, also termed Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 1 (bHLHd1), or sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), is a member of a family of bHLHzip transcription factors that recognize sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1). It acts as a transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. It may control transcription of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene as well as the fatty acid. SREBP1 has dual sequence specificity binding to both an E-box motif (5'-ATCACGTGA-3') and to SRE-1 (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3').

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGeKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKRFIQE 119
Cdd:cd18921   6 KRTAHNAIEKRYRSSINDKIIELKDLVVGTEA-KLNKSAVLRKAIDYIRFLQQSNQKLKQENMALKMAVQK 75

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in achaete-scute complex-like (ASCL) family; The achaete-scute complex-like (ASCL, also known as achaete-scute complex homolog or ASH) family of bHLH transcription factors, ASCL1-5, have been implicated in cell fate specification and differentiation. They are critical for proper development of the nervous system. The deregulation of ASCL plays a key role in psychiatric and neurological disorders. ASCL-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 46 (bHLHa46), or achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASH-1), or mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 (Mash1), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor that is expressed in subsets of neural progenitors in both the central and peripheral nervous system. It plays a key role in neuronal differentiation and specification in the nervous system. ASCL-2, also termed achaete-scute homolog 2 (ASH-2), or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 45 (bHLHa45), or mammalian achaete-scute homolog 2 (Mash2), is a bHLH transcription factor that is involved in Schwann cell differentiation and control of proliferation in adult peripheral nerves. ASCL-3, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 42 (bHLHa42), or bHLH transcriptional regulator Sgn-1, or achaete-scute homolog 3 (ASH-3), is a bHLH transcription factor specifically localized in the duct cells of the salivary glands. It may act as transcriptional repressor that inhibits myogenesis. The family also includes Drosophila melanogaster achaete-scute complex (AS-C) proteins, which consists of lethal of scute (also known as achaete-scute complex protein T3 or AST3), scute (also known as achaete-scute complex protein T4 or AST4), achaete (also known as achaete-scute complex protein T5 or AST5), and asense (also known as achaete-scute complex protein T8 or AST8). They are involved in the determination of the neuronal precursors in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system, as well as in sex determination and dosage compensation.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 14714849  54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHT-DGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQE 102
Cdd:cd11418   6 NERERRRVQAVNDAFDRLRQHVPYLkRRKKLSKVKTLRRAIEYIRHLQKL 55

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in neurogenin (NGN) family; The NGN family includes three neural-specific bHLH transcription factors, NGN1-3, which may function at neuroblast selection genes during the development of several neuronal lineages. NGN-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 6 (bHLHa6), or neurogenic basic-helix-loop-helix protein, or neurogenic differentiation factor 3 (NeuroD3), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. NGN-2, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHa8), or protein atonal homolog 4 (ATOH4), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor required for sensory neurogenesis. NGN-3, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 7 (bHLHa7), or protein atonal homolog 5 (ATOH5), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor expressed in the developing central nervous system and the embryonic pancreas. It is involved in neurogenesis and plays an important role in spermatogenesis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd11428   1 RRLKANDRERNRMHNLNDALDALREVLPsFPDETKLTKIETLRFAHNYIWALSE 54

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster protein dimmed and similar proteins; Dimmed, also termed DIMM, is a bHLH transcription factor that regulates neurosecretory (NS) cell function and neuroendocrine cell fate in Drosophila.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSL 99
Cdd:cd19712   1 RRLESNERERMRMHSLNDAFQGLREVIPHVNAErKLSKIETLTLAKNYIKAL 52

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein (HAND) family; The HAND family includes two bHLH transcription factors, HAND1 and HAND2. HAND1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 27 (bHLHa27), or extraembryonic tissues, heart, autonomic nervous system and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 (eHAND), plays an essential role in both trophoblast-giant cells differentiation and in cardiac morphogenesis. HAND2, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 26 (bHLHa26), or deciduum, heart, autonomic nervous system and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 (dHAND), is essential for cardiac morphogenesis, particularly for the formation of the right ventricle and of the aortic arch arteries.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd11466   1 RRGSANKKERRRTQSINSAFADLRECIPNVPADtKLSKIKTLRLATSYI 49

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana BES1-interacting Myc-like proteins (BIMs) and similar proteins; The family includes Arabidopsis thaliana BIM1 and its homologs (BIM2 and BIM3), which are bHLH transcription factors that interact with BES1 to regulate transcription of Brassinosteroid (BR)-induced gene. BR regulates many growth and developmental processes such as cell elongation, vascular development, senescence stress responses, and photomorphogenesis. BIM1 heterodimerize with BES1 and bind to E-box sequences present in many BR-induced promoters to regulated BR-induced genes.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  57 ERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDgEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLeQEKTRLLQQNTQL 113
Cdd:cd11453  11 EQRRRSKINERLQALRDLIPHSD-QKRDKASFLLEVIEYIQAL-QEKVAKLEEQVQG 65

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Fer3-like protein (FERD3L), pancreas transcription factor 1 subunit alpha (PTF1A) and similar proteins; The family corresponds to a group of bHLH transcription factors, including FERD3L and PTF1A. FERD3L, also termed basic helix-loop-helix protein N-twist, or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 31 (bHLHa31), or nephew of atonal 3 (NATO3), or Neuronal twist (NTWIST), is expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS). It regulates floor plate (FP) cells development. FP is a critical organizing center located at the ventral-most midline of the neural tube. FERD3L binds to the E-box and functions as inhibitor of transcription. PTF1A, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 29 (bHLHa29), or pancreas-specific transcription factor 1a, or bHLH transcription factor p48, or p48 DNA-binding subunit of transcription factor PTF1 (PTF1-p48), is implicated in the cell fate determination in various organs. It binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3' and plays a role in early and late pancreas development and differentiation.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEK-LSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd19686   2 RQAANIRERKRMRSINDAFDGLRRHIPTFPYEKrLSKVDTLRLAIQYI 49

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in factor in the germline alpha (FIGLA) and similar proteins; FIGLA, also termed FIGalpha, or Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHc8), or folliculogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix protein, or transcription factor FIGa, is a germ-cell-specific bHLH transcription factor expressed abundantly in female and less so in male germ cells. It is essential for primordial follicle formation and expression of many genes required for folliculogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic survival. FIGLA knockout mice cannot form primordial follicles and lose oocytes rapidly after birth, whereas male gonads are unaffected.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd11422   1 RRVANARERERVRNLNSGFSKLRRIVPlIPRDRKPSKVDTLKGATEYIRLLQR 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in twist-related protein (TWIST) family; The TWIST family includes TWIST1 and TWIST2, which are highly homologous bHLH transcription factors that promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during development and tumor metastasis. They are involved in the negative regulation of cellular determination and in the differentiation of several lineages, including myogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis. TWIST factors express in broad partially-overlapping patterns during embryo development and dimerize with a broad sets of dimer partners that form numerous unique transcriptional complexes to regulate embryonic development.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd11464   1 QRVLANVRERQRTQSLNEAFTSLRKIIPTLPSDKLSKIQTLKLAARYIDFLYQ 53

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in MLX-interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) and similar proteins; MLXIPL, also termed carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), or Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 14 (bHLHd14), or MLX interactor, or WS basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper protein (WS-bHLH), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 14 protein (WBSCR14), is a bHLHZip transcriptional factor integral to the regulation of glycolysis and lipogenesis in the liver. It forms heterodimers with the bHLHZip protein Mlx to bind the DNA sequence 5'-CACGTG-3'.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE---KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLK 114
Cdd:cd19689   5 RRITHISAEQKRRFNIKLGFDTLHSLVTTLSSQpsiKISKATTLQKTAEYISKLQQERAQLQEEAQRLR 73

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster helix loop helix protein 3B (dHLH3B) and similar proteins; Drosophila HLH3B is an uncharacterized bHLH transcription factor that belongs to the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein/ lymphoblastic leukemia-derived sequence (TAL/LYL) family.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLE 100
Cdd:cd19708   1 RRMFTNSRERWRQQNVNGAFAELRKLVPtHPPDKKLSKNEILRLAIKYIRLLS 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in scleraxis, transcription factor 15 (TCF-15) and similar proteins; The family includes scleraxis and transcription factor 15 (TCF-15). Scleraxis, also termed SCX, or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 41 (bHLHa41), or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 48 (bHLHa48), is a bHLH transcription factor that is expressed in sclerotome limb bud cranial and body wall mesenchyme, pericardium and heart valves, ligaments and tendons. It is required for tendon formation ligaments, connective tissue, the diaphragm, and testis development. Scleraxis plays a central role in promoting fibroblast proliferation and matrix synthesis during the embryonic development of tendons. TCF-15, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 (bHLHa40), or paraxis, or protein bHLH-EC2, is a bHLH transcription factor expressed in caudal lateral and paraxial mesoderm dermomyotome and sclerotome fore limb buds during embryo development. It may function as an early transcriptional regulator involved in the patterning of the mesoderm and in lineage determination of cell types derived from the mesoderm.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPhTD--GEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLE 100
Cdd:cd11465   1 RQAANARERDRTHSVNSAFTALRTLIP-TEpaDRKLSKIETLRLASSYISHLA 52

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in the Myc family; The Myc family is a member of the bHLHzip family of transcription factors that play important roles in the control of normal cell proliferation, growth, survival and differentiation. All Myc isoforms contain two independently functioning polypeptide chain regions: N-terminal transactivating residues and a C-terminal bHLHzip segment. The bHLHzip family of bHLH transcription factors are characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal basic region that may bind DNA at a consensus hexanucleotide sequence known as the E-box (CANNTG) followed by HLH and leucine zipper motifs that may interact with other proteins to form homo- and heterodimers. Myc heterodimerizes with Max enabling specific binding to E-box DNA sequences in the promoters of target genes. The Myc proto-oncoprotein family includes at least five different functional members: c-, N-, L-, S- and B-Myc (which is lacking the bHLH domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHT-DGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKRFIQELS 121
Cdd:cd11400   1 KRRLHNVLERQRRNDLKNSFEKLRDLVPELaDNEKASKVVILKKATEYIKQLQQEEKKLEKEKDKLKARNEQLR 74

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in muscle, intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST-1) family; MIST-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 (bHLHa15), or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHb8), is a bHLH transcription factor expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and other serous exocrine cells. It is essential for cytoskeletal organization and secretory activity. It also functions as a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible transcriptional regulator. MIST-1 is capable of binding to E-box (CANNTG) motifs as a homodimer or a heterodimer with E-proteins (E12 and E47) to regulate transcription. The family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein dimmed and similar proteins. Dimmed, also termed DIMM, is a bHLH transcription factor that regulates neurosecretory (NS) cell function and neuroendocrine cell fate in Drosophila.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSL 99
Cdd:cd11426   1 RRLESNERERLRMHQLNDAFQALREVIPHVRSErKLSKIETLTLAKNYIKSL 52

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor 15 (TCF-15) and similar proteins; TCF-15, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 (bHLHa40), or paraxis, or protein bHLH-EC2, is a bHLH transcription factor expressed in caudal lateral and paraxial mesoderm dermomyotome and sclerotome fore limb buds during embryo development. It may function as an early transcriptional regulator involved in the patterning of the mesoderm and in lineage determination of cell types derived from the mesoderm.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTD-GEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSL 99
Cdd:cd11470   8 QRQAANARERDRTQSVNTAFTALRTLIPTEPvDRKLSKIETLRLASSYIAHL 59

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family and similar proteins; The SREBP family includes SREBP1 and SREBP2, which are bHLHzip transcriptional activator of genes encoding proteins essential for cholesterol biosynthesis/uptake and fatty acid biosynthesis. SREBP1 and SREBP2 are principally found in the liver and in adipocytes and made up of an N-terminal transcription factor portion (composed of an activation domain, a bHLHzip domain, and a nuclear localization signal), a hydrophobic region containing two membrane spanning regions, and a C-terminal regulatory segment. They recognize a symmetric sterol regulatory element (TCACNCCAC) instead of E-box. The family also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor HMS1 (also termed high-copy MEP suppressor protein 1) and serine-rich protein TYE7. HMS1 is a putative bHLHzip transcription factor involved in exit from mitosis and pseudohyphal differentiation. TYE7, also termed basic-helix-loop-helix protein SGC1, is a putative bHLHzip transcription activator required for Ty1-mediated glycolytic gene expression. TYE7 N-terminal is extremely rich in serine residues. It binds DNA on E-box motifs, 5'-CANNTG-3'. TYE7 is not essential for growth.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  57 ERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP----------------HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKRFI 117
Cdd:cd11395  11 EKRYRSNLNTKIERLRDAIPslrspegksddgglggLAPTTKLSKATILTKAIEYIRHLEQENERLEEENEELRQQV 87

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 2 (TAL-2) and similar proteins; TAL-2, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 19 (bHLHa19), is a bHLH transcription factor essential for the normal brain development. It has been implicated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd19707   2 RKIFTNTRERWRQQNVNSAFAELRKLIPtHPPDKKLSKNEILRLAMKYI 50

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in neurogenic differentiation factor 4 (NeuroD4) and similar proteins; NeuroD4, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 4 (bHLHa4), or protein atonal homolog 3 (ATH-3), or Atoh3, or Math-3, is a bHLH transcriptional activator that mediates neuronal differentiation.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 14714849  40 TQRDQER-RIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP-HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd19721  20 TKARLERfRARRVKANARERSRMHGLNDALDNLRRVMPcYSKTQKLSKIETLRLARNYIWALSE 83

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster myogenic-determination protein (dMYOD) and similar proteins; dMYOD, also termed protein nautilus, or Myd, may play an important role in the early development of muscle in Drosophila.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd19699   2 RRKAATMRERRRLRKVNEAFEVLKRRTCPNPNQRLPKVEILRNAIEYIESLED 54

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in MAX gene-associated protein (MGA) and similar proteins; MGA, also termed MAX dimerization protein 5 (MAD5), is a dual specificity T-box/ bHLHzip transcription factor that regulates the expression of both Max-network and T-box family target genes. It contains a Myc-like bHLHZip motif and requires heterodimerization with Max for binding to the preferred Myc-Max-binding site CACGTG. In addition to the bHLHZip domain, MGA harbors a second DNA-binding domain, the T-box or T-domain. It thus binds the preferred Brachyury-binding sequence and represses transcription of reporter genes containing promoter-proximal Brachyury-binding sites.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLK 114
Cdd:cd18911   1 RRTHTANERRRRNEMRDLFEKLKRTLGLHNLPKVSKYYILKQAFEEIQGLTDQADRLIGQKTLLT 65

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in neurogenin-2 (NGN-2) and similar proteins; NGN-2, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHa8), or protein atonal homolog 4 (ATOH4), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor required for sensory neurogenesis. It activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3').

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  46 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPH-TDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd19717   7 KKTRRVKANNRERNRMHNLNAALDSLREVLPTfPEDAKLTKIETLRFAHNYIWALSE 63

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in achaete-scute-like protein 2 (ASCL-2) and similar proteins; ASCL-2, also termed achaete-scute homolog 2 (ASH-2), or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 45 (bHLHa45), or mammalian achaete scute homolog 2 (Mash2), is a bHLH transcription factor that is involved in Schwann cell differentiation and control of proliferation in adult peripheral nerves.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 14714849  54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTD-GEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLE 100
Cdd:cd19743   8 NERERNRVKLVNLGFAALRQHVPQGGaSKKMSKVETLRSAVEYIRALQ 55

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Caenorhabditis elegans Helix-loop-helix protein 13 (HLH13) and similar proteins; Caenorhabditis elegans HLH13, also termed Fer3-like protein, or nephew of atonal 3, is a bHLH transcription factor that plays a role in the negative regulation of exit from L1 arrest and dauer diapause dependent on IIS signaling (insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling).

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  47 RIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEK-LSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd11416   3 KVQRHAANIRERKRMLSINSAFEELRCHVPTFPYEKrLSKIDTLRLAIAYI 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor 21 (TCF-21) and similar proteins; TCF-21, also termed capsulin, or Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 23 (bHLHa23), or epicardin, or podocyte-expressed 1 (Pod-1), is a bHLH transcription factor expressed specifically in mesodermally-derived cells that surround the epithelium of the developing gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory systems during mouse embryogenesis. It may play a role in the specification or differentiation of one or more subsets of epicardial cell types.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  46 RRIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd19704   1 KQVQRNAANARERARMRVLSKAFSRLKTTLPWVPPDtKLSKLDTLRLASSYIAHLRQ 57

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1) and similar proteins; MYOD1, also termed Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 1 (bHLHc1), or myogenic factor 3 (Myf-3), is a bHLH transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation. Together with Myf-5 and MYOG, MYOD1 co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core region during myogenesis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLE 100
Cdd:cd18936   6 RRKAATMRERRRLSKVNEAFETLKRCTSTNPNQRLPKVEILRNAIRYIESLQ 57

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor HMS1 and similar proteins; HMS1, also termed high-copy MEP suppressor protein 1, is a putative bHLHzip transcription factor involved in exit from mitosis and pseudohyphal differentiation.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  82 KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLK 114
Cdd:cd11399  57 KLNKATILSKATEYIRHLEKKNKRLSRENASLR 89

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in achaete-scute-like protein 1 (ASCL-1) and similar proteins; ASCL-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 46 (bHLHa46), or achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASH-1), or mammalian achaete scute homolog 1 (Mash1), is a neural-specific bHLH transcription factor that is expressed in subsets of neural progenitors in both the central and peripheral nervous system. It plays a key role in neuronal differentiation and specification in the nervous system.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPH-TDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd19742  10 NERERNRVKLVNMGFATLREHVPNgAANKKMSKVETLRSAVEYIRALQQ 58

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 (HAND1) and similar proteins; HAND1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 27 (bHLHa27), or extraembryonic tissues, heart, autonomic nervous system and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 (eHAND), is a bHLH transcription factor that plays an essential role in both trophoblast-giant cells differentiation and in cardiac morphogenesis.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE-KLSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd18952   2 RKGAGPKKERRRTESINSAFAELRECIPNVPADtKLSKIKTLRLATSYI 50

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MITF) family; The MITF (also known as microphthalmia-TFE, or MiT) family is a small family that contain a basic helix loop helix domain associated with a leucine zipper (bHLHZip). The MITF family comprises four genes in mammals (MITF, TFE3, TFEB, and TFEC); each gene has different functions. MITF is involved in neural crest melanocytes development as well as the pigmented retinal epithelium. TFEB is required for vascularization of the mouse placenta. TFE3 is involved in B cell function. TFEC regulates gene expression in macrophages. The MITF family can form homodimers or heterodimers with each other but not with other bHLH or bHLHzip proteins.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 14714849  47 RIRREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGE--KLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQ 109
Cdd:cd11397   3 RQKKDNHNMIERRRRFNINDRIKELGTLLPKSNDPdmRWNKGTILKASVDYIRKLQKEQERLRQL 67

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in myogenic factor 5 (Myf-5) and similar proteins; Myf-5, also termed Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 2 (bHLHc2), is a nuclear bHLH transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle specification and differentiation. It also acts as an RNA-binding protein which enhances Ccnd1/Cyclin D1 mRNA translation during myogenesis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQ 101
Cdd:cd18937   2 RRKAATMRERRRLKKVNQAFETLKRCTTSNPNQRLPKVEILRNAIRYIESLQD 54

basic helix-loop-helix-Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) domain family; bHLH-PAS domain has been found in a large group of bHLH transcription regulators that are involved in gene expression responding to environmental change and controlling aspects of neural development, including proteins from aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) family, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) family, neuronal PAS domain-containing protein (NPAS) family, Circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK)-like family, and single-minded (SIM) family. bHLH-PAS transcriptional regulatory factors have a bHLH DNA-binding domain followed by two PAS domains and a C-terminal activation or repression domain. bHLH-PAS family members can be divided into class I and class II based on their dimerization partner. bHLH-PAS class I factors include AhR, HIF and SIM. The best characterized bHLH-PAS Class II protein is the ubiquitous ARNT. Some members of bHLH-PAS family act as transcriptional coactivators (such as NCoA) that lack the ability to dimerize and bind DNA.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIP--HTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYI 96
Cdd:cd11391   1 REKSREAAKKRRDKENAEISELASLLPlpPAVGSKLDKLSVLRLAVAYL 49

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in oligodendrocyte transcription factors, Oligo2, Oligo3 and similar proteins; The family includes two bHLH transcription factors, Oligo2 and Oligo3. Oligo2, also termed Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 1 (bHLHb1), or Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 19 (bHLHe19), or protein kinase C-binding protein 2, or protein kinase C-binding protein RACK17, is required for oligodendrocyte and motor neuron specification in the spinal cord, as well as for the development of somatic motor neurons in the hindbrain. It cooperates with OLIG1 to establish the MN progenitors (pMN) domain of the embryonic neural tube. Oligo3, also termed Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 7 (bHLHb7), or Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 20 (bHLHe20), is expressed in the ventricular zone of the dorsal alar plate of the hindbrain and involved in regulating the development of dorsal and ventral spinal cord. It may determine the distinct specification program of class A neurons in the dorsal part of the spinal cord and suppress specification of class B neurons.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  54 NSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDG---EKLSKAAILQQTAEYIF----SLEQEK 103
Cdd:cd19725   6 NSRERKRMHDLNSALDGLREVMPYAHGpsvRKLSKIATLLLARNYILmltnSLEEMK 62

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in MAX gene-associated protein (MGA) family; The MGA family includes MGA, Schizosaccharomyces pombe ESC1 (spESC1) and similar proteins. MGA, also termed MAX dimerization protein 5 (MAD5), is a dual specificity T-box/ bHLHzip transcription factor that regulates the expression of both Max-network and T-box family target genes. It contains a Myc-like bHLHZip motif and requires heterodimerization with Max for binding to the preferred Myc-Max-binding site CACGTG. In addition to the bHLHZip domain, MGA harbors a second DNA-binding domain, the T-box or T-domain. It thus binds the preferred Brachyury-binding sequence and represses transcription of reporter genes containing promoter-proximal Brachyury-binding sites. spESC1 is a bHLHzip protein with homology to human MyoD and Myf-5 myogenic differentiation inducers. It is involved in the sexual differentiation process.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRL 106
Cdd:cd19682   1 RLRHKKRERERRSELRELFDKLKQLLGLDSDEKASKLAVLTEAIEEIQQLKREEDEL 57

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in mesoderm posterior protein (Mesp) family; Mesp, a bHLH tissue specific transcription factor, acts as a key regulator of the cardiovascular transcriptional network by inducing directly and/or indirectly the expression of the majority of key cardiovascular transcription factors. The Mesp family includes two bHLH transcription factors, Mesp1 and Mesp2. Mesp1, also termed Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 5 (bHLHc5), promotes cardiovascular differentiation during embryonic development and embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mesp2, also termed Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 6 (bHLHc6), plays an important role in somitogenesis. The family also includes mesogenin-1 (Msgn1) and similar proteins. Msgn1, also termed paraxial mesoderm-specific mesogenin1, or pMesogenin1 (pMsgn1), is a bHLH transcription factor required for maturation and segmentation of paraxial mesoderm. It may regulate the expression of T-box transcription factors essential for mesoderm formation and differentiation.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 14714849  49 RREIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHT---DGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLeqekTRLLQ 108
Cdd:cd11425   1 QRQLANERERLRMRTLADALGELRQHLPPSvapKGKRLSKIQTLKYAIRYIGYL----GNVLQ 59

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in Max-binding protein Mnt and similar proteins; Mnt, also termed Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 3 (bHLHd3), or Myc antagonist MNT, or protein ROX, is a bHLHZip transcriptional repressor that binds DNA as a heterodimer with MAX. It binds to the canonical E box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3' and, with higher affinity, to 5'-CACGCG-3'. Mnt has an important role as an antagonist and regulator of Myc activities and it is a potential tumor suppressor. Mnt is ubiquitously expressed. Mnt-deficient mice shown to exhibit early postnatal lethality.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 14714849  50 REIANSNERRRMQSINAGFQSLKTLIPHTDGEKLSKAAILQQTAEYIFSLEQEKTRLLQQNTQLKRFIQEL 120
Cdd:cd11402   3 REVHNKLEKNRRAHLKECFETLKRQIPNLDDKKTSNLNILRSALRYIQILKRKEKEYEHEMERLAREKIAL 73