Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family; AMSH (associated molecule with the Src homology 3 domain (SH3) of STAM (signal-transducing adapter molecule, also known as STAMBP)) and AMSH-like proteins (AMSH-LP) are members of JAMM/MPN+ deubiquitinases (DUBs), with Zn2+-dependent ubiquitin isopeptidase activity. AMSH specifically cleaves Lys 63 and not Lys48-linked polyubiquitin (poly-Ub) chains, thus facilitating the recycling and subsequent trafficking of receptors to the cell surface. AMSH and AMSH-LP are anchored on the early endosomal membrane via interaction with the clathrin coat. AMSH shares a common SH3-binding site with another endosomal DUB, UBPY (ubiquitin-specific protease Y; also known as USP8), the latter being a cysteine protease that does not discriminate between Lys48 and Lys63-linked ubiquitin. AMSH is involved in the degradation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and possibly other ubiquitinated endocytosed proteins. AMSH also interacts with CHMP1, CHMP2, and CHMP3 proteins, all of which are components of ESCRT-III, suggested to be required for EGFR down-regulation. The function of AMSH-LP has not been elucidated; however, it exhibits two fundamentally distinct features from AMSH: first, there is a substitution in the critical amino acid residue in the SH3-binding motif (SBM) in the human AMSH-LP, but not in its mouse ortholog, and lacks STAM-binding ability; second, AMSH-LP lacks the ability to interact with CHMP proteins. It is therefore likely that AMSH and AMSH-LP play different roles on early endosomes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 119 LRHVVVPGRLCPQFLQLASANTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNTENEEELFLIQDQQGLITLGW 198
Cdd:cd08066     1 LRQVVVPADLMDKFLQLAEPNTSRNLETCGILCGKLSNNAFFITHLIIPKQSGTSDSCQTTNEEELFDFQDQHDLITLGW 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 199 IHTHPTQTAFLSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPKFQETGFFKLTD-HGLEEISSCRQKGFHPHSKDPPLFCSCSHVT 277
Cdd:cd08066    81 IHTHPTQTCFLSSVDLHTHCSYQLMLPEAIAIVCAPKYNEFGIFRLTDpPGLDEILNCKKTGFHPHPKDPPLYEDCGHVI 160

                         170
                  ....*....|...
gi 1237938036 278 VVDRA-VTITDLR 289
Cdd:cd08066   161 WKDQLkVTVVDLR 173

Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family; AMSH (associated molecule with the Src homology 3 domain (SH3) of STAM (signal-transducing adapter molecule, also known as STAMBP)) and AMSH-like proteins (AMSH-LP) are members of JAMM/MPN+ deubiquitinases (DUBs), with Zn2+-dependent ubiquitin isopeptidase activity. AMSH specifically cleaves Lys 63 and not Lys48-linked polyubiquitin (poly-Ub) chains, thus facilitating the recycling and subsequent trafficking of receptors to the cell surface. AMSH and AMSH-LP are anchored on the early endosomal membrane via interaction with the clathrin coat. AMSH shares a common SH3-binding site with another endosomal DUB, UBPY (ubiquitin-specific protease Y; also known as USP8), the latter being a cysteine protease that does not discriminate between Lys48 and Lys63-linked ubiquitin. AMSH is involved in the degradation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and possibly other ubiquitinated endocytosed proteins. AMSH also interacts with CHMP1, CHMP2, and CHMP3 proteins, all of which are components of ESCRT-III, suggested to be required for EGFR down-regulation. The function of AMSH-LP has not been elucidated; however, it exhibits two fundamentally distinct features from AMSH: first, there is a substitution in the critical amino acid residue in the SH3-binding motif (SBM) in the human AMSH-LP, but not in its mouse ortholog, and lacks STAM-binding ability; second, AMSH-LP lacks the ability to interact with CHMP proteins. It is therefore likely that AMSH and AMSH-LP play different roles on early endosomes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 119 LRHVVVPGRLCPQFLQLASANTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNTENEEELFLIQDQQGLITLGW 198
Cdd:cd08066     1 LRQVVVPADLMDKFLQLAEPNTSRNLETCGILCGKLSNNAFFITHLIIPKQSGTSDSCQTTNEEELFDFQDQHDLITLGW 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 199 IHTHPTQTAFLSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPKFQETGFFKLTD-HGLEEISSCRQKGFHPHSKDPPLFCSCSHVT 277
Cdd:cd08066    81 IHTHPTQTCFLSSVDLHTHCSYQLMLPEAIAIVCAPKYNEFGIFRLTDpPGLDEILNCKKTGFHPHPKDPPLYEDCGHVI 160

                         170
                  ....*....|...
gi 1237938036 278 VVDRA-VTITDLR 289
Cdd:cd08066   161 WKDQLkVTVVDLR 173

JAB/MPN domain; Domain in Jun kinase activation domain binding protein and proteasomal subunits. Domain at Mpr1p and Pad1p N-termini. Domain of unknown function.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036  135 LASANTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNtENEEELF------LIQDQQGLITLGWIHTHPTQTAF 208
Cdd:smart00232  13 LKHAIRDGPEEVCGVLLGKSNKDRPEVKEVFAVPNEPQDDSVQ-EYDEDYShlmdeeLKKVNKDLEIVGWYHSHPDESPF 91

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1237938036  209 LSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPKFQETG 240
Cdd:smart00232  92 PSEVDVATHESYQAPWPISVVLIVDPIKSFQG 123

Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family; AMSH (associated molecule with the Src homology 3 domain (SH3) of STAM (signal-transducing adapter molecule, also known as STAMBP)) and AMSH-like proteins (AMSH-LP) are members of JAMM/MPN+ deubiquitinases (DUBs), with Zn2+-dependent ubiquitin isopeptidase activity. AMSH specifically cleaves Lys 63 and not Lys48-linked polyubiquitin (poly-Ub) chains, thus facilitating the recycling and subsequent trafficking of receptors to the cell surface. AMSH and AMSH-LP are anchored on the early endosomal membrane via interaction with the clathrin coat. AMSH shares a common SH3-binding site with another endosomal DUB, UBPY (ubiquitin-specific protease Y; also known as USP8), the latter being a cysteine protease that does not discriminate between Lys48 and Lys63-linked ubiquitin. AMSH is involved in the degradation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and possibly other ubiquitinated endocytosed proteins. AMSH also interacts with CHMP1, CHMP2, and CHMP3 proteins, all of which are components of ESCRT-III, suggested to be required for EGFR down-regulation. The function of AMSH-LP has not been elucidated; however, it exhibits two fundamentally distinct features from AMSH: first, there is a substitution in the critical amino acid residue in the SH3-binding motif (SBM) in the human AMSH-LP, but not in its mouse ortholog, and lacks STAM-binding ability; second, AMSH-LP lacks the ability to interact with CHMP proteins. It is therefore likely that AMSH and AMSH-LP play different roles on early endosomes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 119 LRHVVVPGRLCPQFLQLASANTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNTENEEELFLIQDQQGLITLGW 198
Cdd:cd08066     1 LRQVVVPADLMDKFLQLAEPNTSRNLETCGILCGKLSNNAFFITHLIIPKQSGTSDSCQTTNEEELFDFQDQHDLITLGW 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 199 IHTHPTQTAFLSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPKFQETGFFKLTD-HGLEEISSCRQKGFHPHSKDPPLFCSCSHVT 277
Cdd:cd08066    81 IHTHPTQTCFLSSVDLHTHCSYQLMLPEAIAIVCAPKYNEFGIFRLTDpPGLDEILNCKKTGFHPHPKDPPLYEDCGHVI 160

                         170
                  ....*....|...
gi 1237938036 278 VVDRA-VTITDLR 289
Cdd:cd08066   161 WKDQLkVTVVDLR 173

Mpr1p, Pad1p N-terminal (MPN) domains; MPN (also known as Mov34, PAD-1, JAMM, JAB, MPN+) domains are found in the N-terminal termini of proteins with a variety of functions; they are components of the proteasome regulatory subunits, the signalosome (CSN), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complexes, and regulators of transcription factors. These domains are isopeptidases that release ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins (thus having deubiquitinating (DUB) activity) that are tagged for degradation. Catalytically active MPN domains contain a metalloprotease signature known as the JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme (JAMM) motif. For example, Rpn11 (also known as POH1 or PSMD14), a subunit of the 19S proteasome lid is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, contains the conserved JAMM motif involved in zinc ion coordination. Poh1 is a regulator of c-Jun, an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. JAB1 is a component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a regulatory particle of the ubiquitin (Ub)/26S proteasome system occurring in all eukaryotic cells; it cleaves the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from the cullin subunit of the SCF (Skp1, Cullins, F-box proteins) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM, also known as STAMBP), a member of JAMM/MPN+ deubiquitinases (DUBs), specifically cleaves Lys 63-linked polyubiquitin (poly-Ub) chains, thus facilitating the recycling and subsequent trafficking of receptors to the cell surface. Similarly, BRCC36, part of the nuclear complex that includes BRCA1 protein and is targeted to DNA damage foci after irradiation, specifically disassembles K63-linked polyUb. BRCC36 is aberrantly expressed in sporadic breast tumors, indicative of a potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Some variants of the JAB1/MPN domains lack key residues in their JAMM motif and are unable to coordinate a metal ion. Comparisons of key catalytic and metal binding residues explain why the MPN-containing proteins Mov34/PSMD7, Rpn8, CSN6, Prp8p, and the translation initiation factor 3 subunits f (p47) and h (p40) do not show catalytic isopeptidase activity. It has been proposed that the MPN domain in these proteins has a primarily structural function.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 129 CPQFLQLAsaNTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNTENEEELFLIQDQQGLITLGWIHTHPTQTAF 208
Cdd:cd07767     1 LKMFLDAA--KSINGKEVIGLLYGSKTKKVLDVDEVIAVPFDEGDKDDNVWFLMYLDFKKLNAGLRIVGWYHTHPKPSCF 78

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1237938036 209 LSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPK 235
Cdd:cd07767    79 LSPNDLATHELFQRYFPEKVMIIVDVK 105

JAB/MPN domain; Domain in Jun kinase activation domain binding protein and proteasomal subunits. Domain at Mpr1p and Pad1p N-termini. Domain of unknown function.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036  135 LASANTARGVETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNtENEEELF------LIQDQQGLITLGWIHTHPTQTAF 208
Cdd:smart00232  13 LKHAIRDGPEEVCGVLLGKSNKDRPEVKEVFAVPNEPQDDSVQ-EYDEDYShlmdeeLKKVNKDLEIVGWYHSHPDESPF 91

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1237938036  209 LSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPKFQETG 240
Cdd:smart00232  92 PSEVDVATHESYQAPWPISVVLIVDPIKSFQG 123

Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family: proteasomal regulatory protein Rpn11 and signalosome complex subunit CSN5; This family contains proteasomal regulatory protein Rpn11 (26S proteasome regulatory subunit rpn11; PAD1; POH1; RPN11; PSMD14; Rpn11 subunit of the 19S-proteasome; regulatory particle number 11) and signalosomal CSN5 (COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5; COP9 complex homolog subunit 5; c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1; CSN5/JAB1; JAB1). COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the proteasome lid are paralogous complexes and their respective subunits CSN5 and Rpn11 are most closely related between the two complexes, both containing the conserved JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme) motif involved in zinc ion coordination and providing the active site for isopeptidase activity. Rpn11 is responsible for substrate deubiquitination during proteasomal degradation. It is essential for maintaining a correct cell cycle and normal mitochondrial morphology and physiology; mutations in Rpn11 cause cell cycle and mitochondrial defects, temperature sensitivity and sensitivity to DNA damaging reagents such as UV. It has been shown that the C-terminal region of Rpn11 is involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial fission and tubulation processes. CSN5, one of the eight subunits of CSN, is critical for nuclear export and the degradation of several tumor suppressor proteins, including p53, p27, and Smad4. Its MPN+ domain is critical for the physical interaction of RUNX3 and Jab1. It has been suggested that the direct interaction of CSN5/JAB1 with p27 provides p27 with a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES), which is required for binding to chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), and facilitates nuclear export. The over-expression of CSN5/JAB1 also has been implicated in cancer initiation and progression, including cancer of the lung, pancreas, mouth, thyroid, and breast, suggesting that the oncogenic activity of CSN5 is associated with the down-regulation of RUNX3.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1237938036 144 VETCGILCGKLMRNEFTITHVLIPKQSAGSDYCNTENE------EELFLIQDQQGLITLGWIHTHPTQTAFLSSVDLHTH 217
Cdd:cd08069    32 IEVMGLMLGKVDDYTIIVVDVFALPVEGTETRVNAQDEfqeymvQYEMLKQTGRPENVVGWYHSHPGYGCWLSGIDVNTQ 111

                          90
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 1237938036 218 CSYQMMLPESVAIVCSPK 235
Cdd:cd08069   112 QLNQQLQDPFVAVVVDPI 129

Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family: Histone H2A deubiquitinase; This family includes histone H2A deubiquitinase (Histone H2A DUB;MYSM1; myb-like, SWIRM and MPN domains 1; 2ADUB; 2A-DUB; KIAA19152ADUB, or KIAA1915/MYSM1), a member of JAMM/MPN+ deubiquitinases (DUBs), with possible Zn2+-dependent ubiquitin isopeptidase activity. It contains the SWIRM (Swi3p, Rsc8p and Moira), and SANT (SWI-SNF, ADA N-CoR, TFIIIB)/Myb domains; the SANT, but not the SWIRM, domain can bind directly to DNA. 2A-DUB is specific for monoubiquitinated H2A (uH2A), regulating transcription by coordinating histone acetylation and deubiquitination, and destabilizing the association of linker histone H1 with nucleosomes. 2A-DUB interacts with p/CAF (p300/CBP-associated factor) in a co-regulatory protein complex, where the status of acetylation of nucleosomal histones modulates its deubiquitinase activity. 2A-DUB is a positive regulator of androgen receptor (AR) transactivation activity on a reporter gene; it participates in transcriptional regulation events in androgen receptor-dependent gene activation. In prostate tumors, the levels of uH2A are dramatically decreased, thus 2A-DUB serving as a cancer-related marker.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1237938036 181 EEELFLIQDQQGLITLGWIHTHPTQTAFLSSVDLHTHCSYQMMLPES-------VAIVCSP 234
Cdd:cd08067    67 ETEIRESLESRGLSVVGWYHSHPTFPPNPSLRDIDTQLDYQIMFKGSdsgyepcVGLICSP 127