The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, a family of ligand-activated transcription regulators; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR): Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions in metazoans, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism. The superfamily contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. The members of the family include receptors of steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids, cholesterol by-products, lipids and heme. With few exceptions, NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 322 RQENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATFVNCLHNSLQQDKMSTERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGY 401
Cdd:cd06952    51 GAETQTSLVRACWPELFTLGLAQCSQQLSLPTILAAIINHLQTSIQQDKLSADKVKQVMEHINKLQEFVNSMQKLDVDDH 130

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 402 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEELFFKGLIGNI 481
Cdd:cd06952   131 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPGQELRQQIEKLQEKALMELRDYVGKTYPEDEYRLSKLLLRLPPLRSLSPAITEELFFAGLIGNV 210

                         170
                  ....*....|..
gi 2462534176 482 RIDSVIPHILKM 493
Cdd:cd06952   211 QIDSVIPYILRM 222

The ligand binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptors TR4 and TR2; The ligand binding domain of the TR4 and TR2 (human testicular receptor 4 and 2): TR4 and TR2 are orphan nuclear receptors. Several isoforms of TR4 and TR2 have been isolated in various tissues. TR2 is abundantly expressed in the androgen-sensitive prostate. TR4 transcripts are expressed in many tissues, including central nervous system, adrenal gland, spleen, thyroid gland, and prostate. The expression of TR2 is negatively regulated by androgen, retinoids, and radiation. The expression of both mouse TR2 and TR4 is up-regulated by neurocytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in mouse. It has shown that human TR2 binds to a wide spectrum of natural hormone response elements (HREs) with distinct affinities suggesting that TR2 may cross-talk with other gene expression regulation systems. The genes responding to TR2 or TR4 include genes that are regulated by retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. TR4/2 binds to HREs as a dimer. Like other members of the nuclea r receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR2-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 322 RQENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATFVNCLHNSLQQDKMSTERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGY 401
Cdd:cd06952    51 GAETQTSLVRACWPELFTLGLAQCSQQLSLPTILAAIINHLQTSIQQDKLSADKVKQVMEHINKLQEFVNSMQKLDVDDH 130

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 402 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEELFFKGLIGNI 481
Cdd:cd06952   131 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPGQELRQQIEKLQEKALMELRDYVGKTYPEDEYRLSKLLLRLPPLRSLSPAITEELFFAGLIGNV 210

                         170
                  ....*....|..
gi 2462534176 482 RIDSVIPHILKM 493
Cdd:cd06952   211 QIDSVIPYILRM 222

Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains); In nearly all cases, this is the DNA binding domain of a nuclear hormone receptor. The alignment contains two Zinc finger domains that are too dissimilar to be aligned with each other.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMK 179
Cdd:pfam00105   1 LCKVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSIQKNIVYTCKFNKDCVIDKRNRNRCQYCRLKKCLEVGMS 68

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 310 EFQEMQtngdvsrQENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATFVNCLHNSLQQ----------DKMSTERRKLL 379
Cdd:pfam00104  36 EFQELP-------LEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLEKAARSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMISDDDAMkfveddsswcTNYDLEQLLFF 108

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 380 MEHIFKL-QEFCNSMVKLCIDGYEYAYLKAIVLF--SPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPD 446
Cdd:pfam00104 109 LPFFNSYfFELVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLFdyAGDGLSGEILEIVEKLQEKLANELHDYYVNKYSG 178

The ligand binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptors TR4 and TR2; The ligand binding domain of the TR4 and TR2 (human testicular receptor 4 and 2): TR4 and TR2 are orphan nuclear receptors. Several isoforms of TR4 and TR2 have been isolated in various tissues. TR2 is abundantly expressed in the androgen-sensitive prostate. TR4 transcripts are expressed in many tissues, including central nervous system, adrenal gland, spleen, thyroid gland, and prostate. The expression of TR2 is negatively regulated by androgen, retinoids, and radiation. The expression of both mouse TR2 and TR4 is up-regulated by neurocytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in mouse. It has shown that human TR2 binds to a wide spectrum of natural hormone response elements (HREs) with distinct affinities suggesting that TR2 may cross-talk with other gene expression regulation systems. The genes responding to TR2 or TR4 include genes that are regulated by retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. TR4/2 binds to HREs as a dimer. Like other members of the nuclea r receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR2-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 322 RQENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATFVNCLHNSLQQDKMSTERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGY 401
Cdd:cd06952    51 GAETQTSLVRACWPELFTLGLAQCSQQLSLPTILAAIINHLQTSIQQDKLSADKVKQVMEHINKLQEFVNSMQKLDVDDH 130

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 402 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEELFFKGLIGNI 481
Cdd:cd06952   131 EYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPGQELRQQIEKLQEKALMELRDYVGKTYPEDEYRLSKLLLRLPPLRSLSPAITEELFFAGLIGNV 210

                         170
                  ....*....|..
gi 2462534176 482 RIDSVIPHILKM 493
Cdd:cd06952   211 QIDSVIPYILRM 222

DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. It interacts with a specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). Most nuclear receptors bind as homodimers or heterodimers to their target sites, which consist of two hexameric half-sites. Specificity is determined by the half-site sequence, the relative orientation of the half-sites and the number of spacer nucleotides between the half-sites. However, a growing number of nuclear receptors have been reported to bind to DNA as monomers.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQ 184
Cdd:cd06916     1 CAVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSVRRNLEYTCPAGGNCVIDKRNRNRCQACRLKKCLAVGMRKEAVR 72

DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TR interacts with the thyroid response element, which is a DNA site with direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pairs, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the actions of thyroid hormones, which play critical roles in growth, development, and homeostasis in mammals. They regulate overall metabolic rate, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart rate, and affect mood. TRs are expressed from two separate genes (alpha and beta) in human and each gene generates two isoforms of the receptor through differential promoter usage or splicing. TRalpha functions in the heart to regulate heart rate and rhythm and TRbeta is active in the liver and other tissues. The unliganded TRs function as transcription repressors, by binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) predominantly as homodimers, or as heterodimers with retinoid X-receptors (RXR), and being associated with a complex of proteins containing corepressor proteins. Ligand binding promotes corepressor dissociation and binding of a coactivator to activate transcription. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCERKPI 190
Cdd:cd06961     1 PCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTVQKKLSYSCKGEGKCEIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIAVGMAKDLVLDDRKRG 79

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCER 187
Cdd:cd06960     1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTCRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEAVQNER 75

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176  112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQD 181
Cdd:smart00399   1 LCCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDPE 70

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQ 184
Cdd:cd06969     2 LCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVR 74

DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Ecdysone-induced orphan receptor DHR4 is a member of the nuclear receptor family. DHR4 is expressed during the early Drosophila larval development and is induced by ecdysone. DHR4 coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine response to the attainment of proper body size during larval development. Mutations in DHR4 result in shorter larval development which translates into smaller and lighter flies. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, DHR4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCERKP 189
Cdd:cd07168     8 LCSICEDKATGLHYGIITCEGCKGFFKRTVQNKRVYTCVGDGRCEITKAQRNRCQYCRFRKCIRKGMMLAAVREDRMP 85

DNA-binding domain of Retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ROR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RORS are key regulators of many physiological processes during embryonic development. RORs bind as monomers to specific ROR response elements (ROREs) consisting of the consensus core motif AGGTCA preceded by a 5-bp A/T-rich sequence. There are three subtypes of retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs), alpha, beta, and gamma, which differ only in N-terminal sequence and are distributed in distinct tissues. RORalpha plays a key role in the development of the cerebellum particularly in the regulation of the maturation and survival of Purkinje cells. RORbeta expression is largely restricted to several regions of the brain, the retina, and pineal gland. RORgamma is essential for lymph node organogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative are the natural ligands of RORalpha. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoid-related orphan receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCER 187
Cdd:cd06968     8 CKICGDKSSGIHYGVITCEGCKGFFRRSQQNNVSYSCPRQKNCLIDRTNRNRCQHCRLQKCLALGMSRDAVKFGR 82

DNA-binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of proteins similar to Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. E78 interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCERKP 189
Cdd:cd07165     1 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVTSCEGCKGFFRRSIQKQIEYRCLRDGKCEIIRLNRNRCQYCRFKKCLAAGMSKDSVRYGRIP 77

The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which is required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 regulated genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development; SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as monomers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCER 187
Cdd:cd07167     1 CPVCGDKVSGYHYGLLTCESCKGFFKRTVQNKKRYTCIENQNCQIDKTQRKRCPYCRFQKCLSVGMKLEAVRADR 75

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptor family 2; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR) family 2: This is one of the major subfamily of nuclear receptors, including some well known nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR), other related receptors. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 327 ISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILAtFVNCLHNSLQQdkmstERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGYEYAYL 406
Cdd:cd06930    34 LTLLQNSWAELLLLGLAQRSVHFELSELLL-PSPLLVILTER-----EALLGLAELVQRLQELLSKLRSLQLDPKEYACL 107

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462534176 407 KAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDT 448
Cdd:cd06930   108 KAIVLFNPDLPGLKNQQQVEELQEKAQQALQEYIRKRYPQQP 149

The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor (NR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. The proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulting from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGM 178
Cdd:cd07179     1 CRVCGGKSSGFHFGALTCEGCKGFFRRTELSSNSYVCPGGQNCAITPATRNACKSCRFRRCLAVGM 66

DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor-like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor- like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. REV-ERB receptors are transcriptional regulators belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. REV-ERB receptors bind as a monomer to a (A/G)GGTCA half-site with a 5' AT-rich extension or as a homodimer to a direct repeat 2 element (AGGTCA sequence with a 2-bp spacer), indicating functional diversity. When bound to the DNA, they recruit corepressors (NcoR/histone deacetylase 3) to the promoter, resulting in repression of the target genes. The porphyrin heme has been demonstrated to function as a ligand for REV-ERB receptor. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, REV-ERB receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVY-SCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCERKPi 190
Cdd:cd07166     5 LCKVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRSIQQKIQYrKCTKNETCSIMRINRNRCQYCRFKKCLAVGMSRDAVRFGRIP- 83

                  ....*..
gi 2462534176 191 evSREKS 197
Cdd:cd07166    84 --KREKA 88

DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (ECR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with highly degenerate pseudo-palindromic response elements, resembling inverted repeats of 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by 1 bp, upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. EcR is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. EcR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of EcR are ecdysteroids, the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 111 DLCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCE-RKP 189
Cdd:cd07161     2 ELCLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYHCKYGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLSVGMRPECVVPEsQCA 81

                  ....*..
gi 2462534176 190 IEVSREK 196
Cdd:cd07161    82 IKRREKK 88

The DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) like nuclear receptor family; The DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. These domains interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three known types of nuclear receptors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), REV-ERB receptors and Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYS-CRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQ 184
Cdd:cd07158     1 CKVCGDKASGFHYGVHSCEGCKGFFRRTIQHNLTYRrCLNGGKCVIQRKNRNRCQYCRFKKCLSVGMSRNAVR 73

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. ER and ERR interact with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. ERR and ER are closely related and share sequence similarity, target genes, co-regulators and promoters. While ER is activated by endogenous estrogen, ERR lacks the ability to bind to estrogen. Estrogen receptor mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen by the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element of target genes. However, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen responsive signaling by targeting the same set of genes. ERRs and ERs exhibit the common modular structure with other nuclear receptors. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCER 187
Cdd:cd07155     1 CLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNLGYSCPSTSECEVDKKRRKSCQACRLQKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDR 75

DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ERR interacts with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulators, which are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Although ERRs lack the ability to bind to estrogen and are so-called orphan receptors, they share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. By targeting the same set of genes, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ERR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCER 187
Cdd:cd07170     6 LCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSCQACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDR 81

DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. VDR interacts with a VDR response element, a direct repeat of GGTTCA DNA site with 3 bp spacer upstream of the target gene, and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. VDR is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that functions as classical endocrine receptors. VDR controls a wide range of biological activities including calcium metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, and immunomodulation. VDR is a high-affinity receptor for the biologically most active Vitamin D metabolite, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25(OH)2D3). The binding of the ligand to the receptor induces a conformational change of the ligand binding domain (LBD) with consequent dissociation of corepressors. Upon ligand binding, VDR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to vitamin D response elements (VDREs), recruits coactivators. This leads to the expression of a large number of genes. Approximately 200 human genes are considered to be primary targets of VDR and even more genes are regulated indirectly. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, VDR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMKQDSVQCERkpiE 191
Cdd:cd06955     8 ICGVCGDRATGFHFNAMTCEGCKGFFRRSMKRKALFTCPFNGDCRITKDNRRHCQACRLKRCVDIGMMKEFILTDE---E 84

                  ....*
gi 2462534176 192 VSREK 196
Cdd:cd06955    85 VQRKR 89

Ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors, a member of the nuclear receptor family; The ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs): COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. In mammals two isoforms named COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII have been identified. Both genes show an exceptional homology and overlapping expression patterns, suggesting that they may serve redundant functions. Although COUP-TF was originally characterized as a transcriptional activator of the chicken ovalbumin gene, COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors, such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well cons erved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 327 ISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATfvnclhNSLQQDKMSTERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGYEYAYL 406
Cdd:cd06948    65 VALLRLSWSELFVLNAAQCCMPLHVAPLLAA------AGLHASPMSADRVVAFMDHIRIFQEQVEKLKALHVDSAEFSCL 138

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 407 KAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEELFFKGLIGNIRIDSV 486
Cdd:cd06948   139 KAIVLFTSDACGLSDPAHIESLQEKSQCALEEYVRTQYPNQPTRFGKLLLRLPSLRTVSSSVIEQLFFVRLVGKTPIETL 218

                  ....*
gi 2462534176 487 IPHIL 491
Cdd:cd06948   219 IRDML 223

The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, a family of ligand-activated transcription regulators; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR): Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions in metazoans, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism. The superfamily contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. The members of the family include receptors of steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids, cholesterol by-products, lipids and heme. With few exceptions, NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 290 QNSNEMSMIESLSNDDT--SLCEFQEMQtngdvsrQENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCwQVMNVATILATFVNclhNSLQ 367
Cdd:cd06157     1 ELLCELATRDLLLIVEWakSIPGFRELP-------LEDQIVLLKSFWLELLVLDLAYR-SYKNGLSLLLAPNG---GHTD 69

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 368 QDKMSTERRKLLMEHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGYEYAYLKAIVLFSPDHP-SLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPD 446
Cdd:cd06157    70 DDKEDEMKLLLKGELIRLLFEFVNPLRALKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFSPDRKeSLEDRKIVEELQERLLEALQDYLRKNYPE 149

                  .
gi 2462534176 447 D 447
Cdd:cd06157   150 E 150

DNA-binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and progesterone receptor (PR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinate a single zinc atom. The DBD from both receptors interact with the same hormone response element (HRE), which is an imperfect palindrome GGTACAnnnTGTTCT, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GR is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the biological effects of glucocorticoids and PR regulates genes controlled by progesterone. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. PR functions in a variety of biological processes including development of the mammary gland, regulating cell cycle progression, protein processing, and metabolism. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR and PR have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462534176 112 LCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMK 179
Cdd:cd07172     4 ICLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRLRKCLQAGMN 71

DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. To regulate gene expression, AR interacts with a palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3-bp spacer. It also binds to the direct repeat 5'-TGTTCT-3' hexamer in some androgen controlled genes. AR is activated by the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for primary and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action of androgen receptor is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptor interacts directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLVYSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGM 178
Cdd:cd07173     6 CLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCFEAGM 71

The first DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The first DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptors(NRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. Theses proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulted from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462534176 113 CVVCGDKASGRHYGAVTCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLV--YSCRGSKDCIINKHHRNRCQYCRLQRCIAFGMK 179
Cdd:cd07157     3 CQVCGEPAAGFHHGAYVCEACKKFFMRSSNAISFtiSECPNGGKCIIDKKNRTKCQACRYRKCLNVGMS 71

The ligand binding domain of DAX1 protein, a nuclear receptor lacking DNA binding domain; The ligand binding domain of DAX1-like proteins: This orphan nuclear receptor family includes DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene 1) and the Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP). Both receptors have a typical ligand binding domain, but lack the DNA binding domain, typical to almost all of the nuclear receptors. They function as a transcriptional coregulator by directly interacting with other nuclear receptors. DAX1 and SHP can form heterodimers with each other, as well as with many other nuclear receptors. In addition, DAX1 can also form homodimers. DAX1 plays an important role in the normal development of several hormone-producing tissues. SHP has shown to regulate a variety of target genes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 329 LVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWQVMNVATILATfvNCLHNSLQQDKMSTER---RKLLMEH------IFKLQEFCNSMVKLCID 399
Cdd:cd06951    56 LLRRSWAPLLLLGLAQDKVPFDTVEVPAP--SILCEILTGAEMHWGGtppPTLTMPPcipladVQDIQQFLMKCWSLDLD 133

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 400 GYEYAYLKAIVLFSPDhPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEELFFKGLIG 479
Cdd:cd06951   134 CKEYAYLKGAVLFTPV-PPLLCPHYIEALQKEAQQALNEHTMMTRPLEQLRSARLLLMLSLLRGIKTEPVTELFFRPIIG 212

                  ....*...
gi 2462534176 480 NIRIDSVI 487
Cdd:cd06951   213 NVSMDDVL 220

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptor family 1; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR) family 1: This is one of the major subfamily of nuclear receptors, including thyroid receptor, retinoid acid receptor, ecdysone receptor, farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, and other related receptors. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 369 DKMSTERRKLLM----EHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGYEYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKaYVE-FQDYITKT 443
Cdd:cd06929    67 DGKGNSRDVLLNggfgEFIEPLFEFAEKMNKLQLDDNEYALLTAIVLFSPDRPGLQDVDTVEKLQER-LLEaLQRYLKVN 145

                  ....
gi 2462534176 444 YPDD 447
Cdd:cd06929   146 HPDA 149

The ligand binding domain of DAX1 protein, a nuclear receptor lacking DNA binding domain; The ligand binding domain of the DAX1 protein: DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene 1) is a nuclear receptor with a typical ligand binding domain, but lacks the DNA binding domain. DAX1 plays an important role in the normal development of several hormone-producing tissues. Duplications of the region of the X chromosome containing DAX1 cause dosage sensitive sex reversal. DAX1 acts as a global repressor of many nuclear receptors, including SF-1, LRH-1, ERR, ER, AR and PR. DAX1 can form homodimer and heterodimerizes with its alternatively spliced isoform DAX1A and other nuclear receptors such as SHP, ERalpha and SF-1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 329 LVKAYWNELFTLGLAQ---CWQVMNVA------TILAT------FVNCLHNSLQQDKMSTERRKLL-MEHIFKLQEFCNS 392
Cdd:cd07350    56 LVRSCWAPLLVLGLAQdgvDFETVETSepsmlqRILTTrppptsGAEPGEPQALPQMPQAEASHLPsAADIRAIKAFLAK 135

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 393 MVKLCIDGYEYAYLKAIVLFSPDHPSLENMEQIEKFQEKAYVEFQDYITKTYPDDTYRLSRLLLRLPALRLMNATITEEL 472
Cdd:cd07350   136 CWSLDISTKEYAYLKGTVLFNPDLPGLQCVQYIQGLQWEAQQALNEHVRMIHRGDQARFAKLNIALSLLRAINANVIAEL 215

                         170
                  ....*....|....*
gi 2462534176 473 FFKGLIGNIRIDSVI 487
Cdd:cd07350   216 FFRPIIGTVNMDDML 230

The ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Ecdysone receptor, a member of the nuclear receptors super family; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of the ecdysone receptor: The ecdysone receptor (EcR) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs) of ligand-dependent transcription factors. Ecdysone receptor is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. ECR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of ecdysone receptor are ecdysteroids#the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. In addition, insecticide bisacylhydrazine used against pests has shown to act on EcR. EcR must be dimerised with a USP for high-affinity ligand binding to occur. The ligand binding triggers a conformational change in the C-terminal part of the EcR ligand-binding domain that leads to transcriptional activation of genes controlled by EcR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ec dysone receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 323 QENSISLVKAYWNELFTLGLAQCWqvmNVATILATFVNclhnslQQDKMSTERRKLLM-EHIFKLQEFCNSMVKLCIDGY 401
Cdd:cd06938    70 REDQITLLKACSSEVMMLRVARRY---DAKTDSIVFAN------NQPYTRDSYRKAGMgDSAEDLFRFCRAMCSMKVDNA 140

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462534176 402 EYAYLKAIVLFSpDHPSLENMEQIEKFQE------KAYVE 435
Cdd:cd06938   141 EYALLTAIVIFS-DRPGLLQPKKVEKIQEiylealRAYVD 179