Band 4.1 homologues; Also known as ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein domains. Present in myosins, ezrin, radixin, moesin, protein tyrosine phosphatases. Plasma membrane-binding domain. These proteins play structural and regulatory roles in the assembly and stabilization of specialized plasmamembrane domains. Some PDZ domain containing proteins bind one or more of this family. Now includes JAKs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  211 HCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWD-NATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQ-VRGVPWNFTFNVKF 288
Cdd:smart00295   1 VLKVYLLDGTTLEFEVDSSTTAEELLETVCRKLGIRESEYFGLQFEDpDEDLRHWLDPAKTLLDQdVKSEPLTLYFRVKF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  289 YPPDPAQLTEDITRY-YLCLQLRQDIVAGRLPCSFATLALLGSYTIQSELGDYDPELHGV-DYVSDFKLAPNQT------ 360
Cdd:smart00295  81 YPPDPNQLKEDPTRLnLLYLQVRNDILEGRLPCPEEEALLLAALALQAEFGDYDEELHDLrGELSLKRFLPKQLldsrkl 160

                          170       180       190       200
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462505868  361 KELEEKVMELHKSYRSMTPAQADLEFLENAKKLSMYGVDLH 401
Cdd:smart00295 161 KEWRERIVELHKELIGLSPEEAKLKYLELARKLPTYGVELF 201

4.1 protein C-terminal domain (CTD); At the C-terminus of all known 4.1 proteins is a sequence domain unique to these proteins, known as the C-terminal domain (CTD). Mammalian CTDs are associated with a growing number of protein-protein interactions, although such activities have yet to be associated with invertebrate CTDs. Mammalian CTDs are generally defined by sequence alignment as encoded by exons 18-21. Comparison of known vertebrate 4.1 proteins with invertebrate 4.1 proteins indicates that mammalian 4.1 exon 19 represents a vertebrate adaptation that extends the sequence of the CTD with a Ser/Thr-rich sequence. The CTD was first described as a 22/24-kDa domain by chymotryptic digestion of erythrocyte 4.1 (4.1R). CTD is thought to represent an independent folding structure which has gained function since the divergence of vertebrates from invertebrates.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 849 KDVPIVHTETKTITYEAAQTDDNsGDLDPGVLLTAQTITSETPSSTTTTQITKTVKGGISETRIEKRIVITGDADIDHDQ 928
Cdd:pfam05902   1 KEVPIVHTETKTITYESSQVDGR-GDSDPGVLVSAQTITSETQSTTTTTHITKTVKGGISETRIEKRIVITGDADIDHDQ 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462505868 929 VLVQAIKEAKEQHPDMSVTKVVVHQETE 956
Cdd:pfam05902  80 ALAQAIKEAKEQHPDMSVTKVVVHKETE 107

SAB domain; This presumed domain is found in proteins containing FERM domains pfam00373. This domain is found to bind to both spectrin and actin, hence the name SAB (Spectrin and Actin Binding) domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462505868 615 KDLDKSQEEIKKHHASISELKKNFMESVPE-PRPSEWDKRLSTHSPFR 661
Cdd:pfam04382   3 EDLDKTQEDLLKHQASISELKRTFMEPNPEdLGPSEWEKRLSSNSPVR 50

Band 4.1 homologues; Also known as ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein domains. Present in myosins, ezrin, radixin, moesin, protein tyrosine phosphatases. Plasma membrane-binding domain. These proteins play structural and regulatory roles in the assembly and stabilization of specialized plasmamembrane domains. Some PDZ domain containing proteins bind one or more of this family. Now includes JAKs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  211 HCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWD-NATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQ-VRGVPWNFTFNVKF 288
Cdd:smart00295   1 VLKVYLLDGTTLEFEVDSSTTAEELLETVCRKLGIRESEYFGLQFEDpDEDLRHWLDPAKTLLDQdVKSEPLTLYFRVKF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  289 YPPDPAQLTEDITRY-YLCLQLRQDIVAGRLPCSFATLALLGSYTIQSELGDYDPELHGV-DYVSDFKLAPNQT------ 360
Cdd:smart00295  81 YPPDPNQLKEDPTRLnLLYLQVRNDILEGRLPCPEEEALLLAALALQAEFGDYDEELHDLrGELSLKRFLPKQLldsrkl 160

                          170       180       190       200
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462505868  361 KELEEKVMELHKSYRSMTPAQADLEFLENAKKLSMYGVDLH 401
Cdd:smart00295 161 KEWRERIVELHKELIGLSPEEAKLKYLELARKLPTYGVELF 201

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) and similar proteins; EPB41, also termed protein 4.1 (P4.1), or 4.1R, or Band 4.1, or EPB4.1, belongs to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41 is a widely expressed cytoskeletal phosphoprotein that stabilizes the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton and anchors the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. EPB41 contains a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17105     1 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECEVEKHAKGQDLFKKVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDSPTSKTWLDPAKEIKKQVHGGPWEFTFNVKFY 80

                  ...
gi 2462505868 290 PPD 292
Cdd:cd17105    81 PPD 83

FERM C-terminal PH-like domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 405 DLEGVDIILGVCSSGLLVYKDKLRI-NRFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFFIKIRpgeQEQYESTIGFKLPSYRAAKKLWKVCVEH 483
Cdd:pfam09380   1 DKEGTDLWLGVSAKGILVYEDNNKIlNLFPWREIRKISFKRKKFLIKLR---DKSSEETLGFYTESSRACKYLWKLCVEQ 77

                  ....*.
gi 2462505868 484 HTFFRL 489
Cdd:pfam09380  78 HTFFRL 83

FERM adjacent (FA); This region is found adjacent to Band 4.1 / FERM domains (pfam00373) in a subset of FERM containing protein. The region has been hypothesized to play a role in regulatory adaptation, based on similarity to other protein kinase substrates.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462505868 499 KFLALGSKFRYSGRTQAQTRQASALIDRPAPHFERTASKRASRS 542
Cdd:pfam08736   1 KFFSLGSKFRYSGRTQKQTVEDSSEILRPQPEFERSPSKRYPSR 44

WTX protein; The WTX protein is found to be inactivated in one third of Wilms tumours. The WTX protein is functionally uncharacterized.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  77 RGLSRLFSSFLKRPKSQVSEEEGKEVESDKEKGEGGqkeiefgtsldeeIILKAPIAAPEPELKTDPsldlhSLSSAETQ 156
Cdd:pfam09422  74 RGLKGFFSSMRWHRKDKRGKAEQEEAEAKKSEGPGD-------------LILPGSLTASLECVKEEP-----PRPASEPE 135

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462505868 157 PAQEELREDPdfeIKEGEGLEECSKIEVKEESPQSKAETELKASQKPI 204
Cdd:pfam09422 136 SPSWDAPRAP---AGENAGGEEAPGASVSPAPEHSCREAEKPACKSAE 180

Band 4.1 homologues; Also known as ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein domains. Present in myosins, ezrin, radixin, moesin, protein tyrosine phosphatases. Plasma membrane-binding domain. These proteins play structural and regulatory roles in the assembly and stabilization of specialized plasmamembrane domains. Some PDZ domain containing proteins bind one or more of this family. Now includes JAKs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  211 HCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWD-NATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQ-VRGVPWNFTFNVKF 288
Cdd:smart00295   1 VLKVYLLDGTTLEFEVDSSTTAEELLETVCRKLGIRESEYFGLQFEDpDEDLRHWLDPAKTLLDQdVKSEPLTLYFRVKF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868  289 YPPDPAQLTEDITRY-YLCLQLRQDIVAGRLPCSFATLALLGSYTIQSELGDYDPELHGV-DYVSDFKLAPNQT------ 360
Cdd:smart00295  81 YPPDPNQLKEDPTRLnLLYLQVRNDILEGRLPCPEEEALLLAALALQAEFGDYDEELHDLrGELSLKRFLPKQLldsrkl 160

                          170       180       190       200
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462505868  361 KELEEKVMELHKSYRSMTPAQADLEFLENAKKLSMYGVDLH 401
Cdd:smart00295 161 KEWRERIVELHKELIGLSPEEAKLKYLELARKLPTYGVELF 201

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) and similar proteins; EPB41, also termed protein 4.1 (P4.1), or 4.1R, or Band 4.1, or EPB4.1, belongs to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41 is a widely expressed cytoskeletal phosphoprotein that stabilizes the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton and anchors the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. EPB41 contains a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17105     1 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECEVEKHAKGQDLFKKVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDSPTSKTWLDPAKEIKKQVHGGPWEFTFNVKFY 80

                  ...
gi 2462505868 290 PPD 292
Cdd:cd17105    81 PPD 83

FERM domain C-lobe of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor proteins 3 and 4 (PTPN4 and PTPN3); PTPN4 (also called PTPMEG, protein tyrosine phosphatase, megakaryocyte) is a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) thought to play a role in cerebellar function. PTPMEG-knockout mice have impaired memory formation and cerebellar long-term depression. PTPN3/PTPH1 is a membrane-associated PTP that is implicated in regulating tyrosine phosphorylation of growth factor receptors, p97 VCP (valosin-containing protein, or Cdc48 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) gene expression; it is mutated in a subset of colon cancers. PTPMEG and PTPN3/PTPH1 contains a N-terminal FERM domain, a middle PDZ domain, and a C-terminal phosphatase domain. PTP1/Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 1 from nematodes and a FERM_C repeat 1 from Tetraodon nigroviridis are also included in this cd. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 395 MYGVDLHKAKDLEGVDIILGVCSSGLLVYKDKLRINRFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFFIKIRPGEQEQYESTIGFKLPSYRAAK 474
Cdd:cd13189     1 LYGVELHSARDSNNLELQIGVSSAGILVFQNGIRINTFPWSKIVKISFKRKQFFIQLRREPNESRDTILGFNMLSYRACK 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 2462505868 475 KLWKVCVEHHTFFRL 489
Cdd:cd13189    81 NLWKSCVEHHTFFRL 95

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like protein 1 (EPB41L1) and similar proteins; EPB41L1, also termed neuronal protein 4.1 (4.1N), belongs to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. It is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that may serve as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. It suppresses hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. The down-regulation of EPB41L1 expression is a critical step for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. Moreover, EPB41L1 functions as a linker protein between inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type1 (IP3R1) and actin filaments in neurons. EPB41L1 contains a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 209 NMHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVPWNFTFNVKF 288
Cdd:cd17201     1 SAICKVTLLDGSEYECEVEKHARGQVLFDTVCEHLNLLEKDYFGLTFCDTESQKNWLDPSKEIKKQIRSGPWHFAFTVKF 80

                  ....
gi 2462505868 289 YPPD 292
Cdd:cd17201    81 YPPD 84

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins; The family includes erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins EPB41L1/4.1N, EPB41L2/4.1G, and EPB41L3/4.1B. They belong to the skeletal protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41L1 is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that may serve as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. EPB41L2 is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. EPB41L3 also acts as a tumor suppressor implicated in a variety of meningiomas and carcinomas. Members in this family contain a FERM domain, a spectrin and actin binding (SAB) domain, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17106     2 QQCKVLLLDGTEYTCEVEKRAKGQVLFDKVCEHLNLLEKDYFGLTYRDAQDQKNWLDPAKEIKKQIRSGPWLFSFNVKFY 81

                  ...
gi 2462505868 290 PPD 292
Cdd:cd17106    82 PPD 84

FERM central domain; This domain is the central structural domain of the FERM domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 291 PDPAQLTEDITRYYLCLQLRQDIVAGRLPCSFATLALLGSYTIQSELGDYDPELHGVDYVSDFKLAPNQ------TKELE 364
Cdd:pfam00373   1 DLELLLQDEVTRHLLYLQAKDDILEGRLPCSEEEALLLAALQLQAEFGDYQPSSHTSEYLSLESFLPKQllrkmkSKELE 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462505868 365 EKVMELHKSYRSMTPAQADLEFLENAKKLSMYGVDLH 401
Cdd:pfam00373  81 KRVLEAHKNLRGLSAEEAKLKYLQIAQSLPTYGVEFF 117

FERM domain B-lobe; The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure (FERM_N, FERM_M, FERM_C/N, alpha-, and C-lobe/A-lobe, B-lobe, C-lobe/F1, F2, F3). The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases, the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 301 TRYYLCLQLRQDIVAGRLPCSFATLALLGSYTIQSELGDYDPELHGVDYVSDFKLAPNQT------KELEEKVMELHKSY 374
Cdd:cd14473     1 TRYLLYLQVKRDILEGRLPCSEETAALLAALALQAEYGDYDPSEHKPKYLSLKRFLPKQLlkqrkpEEWEKRIVELHKKL 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 2462505868 375 RSMTPAQADLEFLENAKKL 393
Cdd:cd14473    81 RGLSPAEAKLKYLKIARKL 99

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1 (FARP1) and similar proteins; This family includes the F1 sub-domain of FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing proteins FARP1, FARP2, and FERM domain-containing protein 7 (FRMD7). FARP1, also termed chondrocyte-derived ezrin-like protein (CDEP), or pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing family C member 2 (PLEKHC2), is a neuronal activator of the RhoA GTPase. It promotes outgrowth of developing motor neuron dendrites. It also regulates excitatory synapse formation and morphology, as well as activates the GTPase Rac1 to promote F-actin assembly. FARP2, also termed FERM domain including RhoGEF (FIR), or Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing family C member 3, is a Dbl-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac1 or Cdc42 in response to upstream signals, suggesting roles in regulating processes such as neuronal axon guidance and bone homeostasis. It is also a key molecule involved in the response of neuronal growth cones to class-3 semaphorins. FRMD7 plays an important role in neuronal development and is involved in the regulation of F-actin, neurofilament, and microtubule dynamics. All family members contain a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGvPWNFTFN--VK 287
Cdd:cd17098     1 LHVKVQMLDDTVHIFQVQQKALGEVLFDQVCKHLNLLESDYFGLEFTDPEGNKCWLDPEKPILRQVKR-PKDVVFKfvVK 79

                  ....*.
gi 2462505868 288 FYPPDP 293
Cdd:cd17098    80 FYTPDP 85

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in FERM domain-containing protein 3 (FRMD3) and similar proteins; FRMD3, also termed band 4.1-like protein 4O, or ovary type protein 4.1 (4.1O), belongs to the 4.1 protein superfamily, which share the highly conserved membrane-association FERM domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). FRMD3 is involved in maintaining cell shape and integrity. It also functions as a tumour suppressor in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in FRMD3 have been associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in different ethnicities.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDT-VYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGV-PWNFTFNVK 287
Cdd:cd17102     1 YKCTIRLLDDSeVICCEFKKDTKGQFLLDYVCNYLNLLEKDYFGLRYVDTEKQRHWLDPNKSIYKQLKGVpPYVLCFRVK 80

                  ..
gi 2462505868 288 FY 289
Cdd:cd17102    81 FY 82

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 5 (EPB41L5) and similar proteins; This family includes FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like proteins, EPB41L5 and EPB41L4B. EPB41L5 is a mesenchymal-specific protein that is an integral component of the ARF6-based pathway. EPB41L4B is a positive regulator of keratinocyte adhesion and motility, suggesting a role in wound healing. It also promotes cancer metastasis in melanoma, prostate cancer and breast cancer. Both EPB41L5 and EPB41L4B contain a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462505868 212 CKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVR-GVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17108     3 CKVILLDGTDLSIELPKKAKGQELYEQVFYHLDLIEKDYFGLQFMDAAQVQHWLDPTKKIKKQVKiGPPYTLRFRVKFY 81

FERM domain C-lobe; The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 397 GVDLHKAKDLE--GVDIILGVCSSGLLVYK--DKLRINRFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFF-IKIRPGEQeqyESTIGFKLPSyR 471
Cdd:cd00836     1 GVEFFPVKDKSkkGSPIILGVNPEGISVYDelTGQPLVLFPWPNIKKISFSGAKKFtIVVADEDK---QSKLLFQTPS-R 76

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2462505868 472 AAKKLWKVCVEHHTFFR 488
Cdd:cd00836    77 QAKEIWKLIVGYHRFLL 93

FERM adjacent (FA); This region is found adjacent to Band 4.1 / FERM domains (pfam00373) in a subset of FERM containing protein. The region has been hypothesized to play a role in regulatory adaptation, based on similarity to other protein kinase substrates.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462505868 499 KFLALGSKFRYSGRTQAQTRQASALIDRPAPHFERTASKRASRS 542
Cdd:pfam08736   1 KFFSLGSKFRYSGRTQKQTVEDSSEILRPQPEFERSPSKRYPSR 44

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 5 (EPB41L5); EPB41L5 is a mesenchymal-specific protein that is an integral component of the ARF6-based pathway. It is normally induced during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by an EMT-related transcriptional factor, ZEB1, which drives ARF6-based invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. EPB41L5 also binds to paxillin to enhance integrin/paxillin association, and thus promotes focal adhesion dynamics. Moreover, EPB41L5 acts as a substrate for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 (Mib1), which is essential for activation of Notch signaling. EPB41L5 is a member of the band 4.1/Nbl4 (novel band 4.1-like protein 4) group of the FERM protein superfamily. It contains a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462505868 212 CKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVR-GVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17205     5 CRVSLLDGTDVSVDLPKKAKGQELFEQIMYHLDLIEKDYFGLRFMDSAQVAHWLDVTKSIKKQVKiGPPYCLHLRVKFY 83

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in erythrocyte band 4.1-like protein 4A (EPB41L4A) and similar proteins; EPB41L4A, also termed protein NBL4, is a member of the band 4.1/Nbl4 (novel band 4.1-like protein 4) group of the FERM protein superfamily. It contains a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). EPB41L4A is an important component of the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway. It may be related to determination of cell polarity or proliferation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 208 RNMHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHA----KGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVPWNFT 283
Cdd:cd17107     1 EEFYCEIVLLDESELILTIQQDGikssKGSVVLDVVFQHLNLLETDYFGLRYIDRQHQTHWLDPAKTLSEQLKLIGPPYT 80

                          90
                  ....*....|.
gi 2462505868 284 --FNVKFYPPD 292
Cdd:cd17107    81 lyFGVKFYAED 91

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in FERM domain-containing protein 7 (FRMD7); FRMD7 plays an important role in neuronal development and is involved in the regulation of F-actin, neurofilament, and microtubule dynamics. It interacts with the Rho GTPase regulator, RhoGDIalpha, and activates the Rho subfamily member Rac1, which regulates reorganization of actin filaments and controls neuronal outgrowth. Mutations in the FRMD7 gene are responsible for the X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus (ICN), a disease which affects ocular motor control. FRMD7 contains a FERM domain, and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRgVPWN--FTFNVK 287
Cdd:cd17188     2 LHLKVQFLDDSQKVFVVDQKSTGKDLFNMSCSHLNLVEKEYFGLEFRNHAGNNVWLELLKPITKQIK-NPKEliFKFTVK 80

                  ....*.
gi 2462505868 288 FYPPDP 293
Cdd:cd17188    81 FFPVDP 86

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYLIP and similar proteins; MYLIP, also termed inducible degrader of the LDL-receptor (Idol), or myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MIR), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family, including UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2D3, and UBE2D4. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains a FERM-domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 210 MHCKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRG-VPWNFTFNVKF 288
Cdd:cd17104     1 MLCLVSQPDSVVIEVEVDPKANGQECLDKVCQKLGIIEKDYFGLQYTGPKGERLWLNLRNRISRQLPGpPPYRLRLRVKF 80

                  .
gi 2462505868 289 Y 289
Cdd:cd17104    81 F 81

FERM domain C-lobe of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor proteins 14 and 21 (PTPN14 and 21); This CD contains PTP members: pez/PTPN14 and PTPN21. A number of mutations in Pez have been shown to be associated with breast and colorectal cancer. The PTPN protein family belong to larger family of PTPs. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. The members are composed of a N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. Like most other ERM members they have a phosphoinositide-binding site in their FERM domain. The FERM C domain is the third structural domain within the FERM domain. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 396 YGVDLHKAKDLEGVDIILGVCSSGLLV-YKDKLRINRFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFFIkirpgEQEQYESTIGFKLPSYRAAK 474
Cdd:cd13188     1 YGEESFPAKDEQGNEVLIGASLEGIFVkHDNGRPPVFFRWEDIKNVINHKRTFSI-----ECQNSEETVQFQFEDAETAK 75

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 2462505868 475 KLWKVCVEHHTFFRL 489
Cdd:cd13188    76 YVWKLCVLQHKFYRQ 90

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3); PTPN3, also termed protein-tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTP-H1), belongs to the non-transmembrane FERM-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) subfamily characterized by a conserved N-terminal FERM domain, a PDZ domain, and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). PTPN3 associates with the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38gamma (also known as MAPK12) to form a PTPN3-p38gamma complex that promotes Ras-induced oncogenesis. It may also act as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer through its modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Moreover, PTPN3 shows sensitizing effect to anti-estrogens. It dephosphorylates the tyrosine kinase EGFR, disrupts its interaction with the nuclear estrogen receptor, and increases breast cancer sensitivity to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). It also cooperates with vitamin D receptor to stimulate breast cancer growth through their mutual stabilization.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 212 CKVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLA-IWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVR-GVPWNFTFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17193     4 CNVHFLDGSVQSFKVNKQDTGQVLLDMAYNHLGLTEREYFGLQhNEDSVDSPRWLEPSKPIRKQLKgGFPCSLHFRVRFF 83

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in the ERM family proteins; The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family includes a group of closely related cytoskeletal proteins that play an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif. They exist in two states, a dormant state in which the FERM domain binds to its own C-terminal tail and thereby precludes binding of some partner proteins, and an activated state, in which the FERM domain binds to one of many membrane binding proteins and the C-terminal tail binds to F-actin. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). Merlin, which is highly related to the members of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) protein family that are directly attached to and functionally linked with NHE1, is included in this family.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 213 KVSLLDDTVyECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGV--PWNFTFNVKFYP 290
Cdd:cd17097     4 RVTTMDAEL-EFSIKPKAKGRELFDLVCRTIGLRETWYFGLQYENKKGRVAWLKPDKKVLTQDVSKnnTLKFFFLVKFYP 82

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13) and similar proteins; This family includes tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13), FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (FRMPD2), and FERM domain-containing proteins FRMD1 and FRMD6. All family members contain a FERM domain that is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 214 VSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIW--------DNAT------SKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGVp 279
Cdd:cd17101     6 VVLLNGQRLQVAVDVKTTVQDLFDQVCDHLGLQETELFGLAVLkdgeyfflDPDTklskyaPKGWKSEAKKGLKGGKPV- 84

                          90
                  ....*....|....
gi 2462505868 280 wnFT--FNVKFYPP 291
Cdd:cd17101    85 --FTlyFRVKFYVD 96

FERM domain C-lobe/F3 of the ERM family; The ERM family includes ezrin, radixin, moesin and merlin. They are composed of a N-terminal FERM (ERM) domain (also called N-ERMAD (N-terminal ERM association domain)), a coiled coil region (CRR), and a C-terminal domain CERMAD (C-terminal ERM association domain) which has an F-actin-binding site (ABD). Two actin-binding sites have been identified in the middle and N-terminal domains. Merlin is structurally similar to the ERM proteins, but instead of an actin-binding domain (ABD), it contains a C-terminal domain (CTD), just like the proteins from the 4.1 family. Activated ezrin, radixin and moesin are thought to be involved in the linking of actin filaments to CD43, CD44, ICAM1-3 cell adhesion molecules, various membrane channels and receptors, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and the beta2-adrenergic receptor. The ERM proteins exist in two states, a dormant state in which the FERM domain binds to its own C-terminal tail and thereby precludes binding of some partner proteins, and an activated state, in which the FERM domain binds to one of many membrane binding proteins and the C-terminal tail binds to F-actin. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain of ERM is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 395 MYGVDLHKAKDLEGVDIILGVCSSGLLVYK--DKL--RINrFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFFIK 450
Cdd:cd13194     1 MYGVNYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEpdNKLtpKIG-FPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIK 59

FERM domain C-lobe of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 13 (PTPH13); There are many functions of PTPN13 (also called PTPL1, PTP-BAS, hPTP1E, FAP1, or PTPL1). Mice lacking PTPN13 activity have abnormal regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in their T cells, mild impairment of motor nerve repair, and a significant reduction in the growth of retinal glia cultures. It also plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. PTPN13 contains a kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain (KIND), a FERM domain with two potential phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]-binding motifs, 5 PDZ domains, and a carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. There is an nteraction between the FERM domain of PTPL1 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 which is thought to regulate the membrane localization of PTPN13. PDZ are protein/protein interaction domains so there is the potential for numerous partners that can actively participate in the regulation of its phosphatase activity or can permit direct or indirect recruitment of tyrosine phosphorylated PTPL1 substrates. The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe/F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 411 IILGVCSSGLLVYKDK--LRIN--RFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFFIKIRPGEQEQYestiGFKLPSYRAAKKLWKVCVEHHTF 486
Cdd:cd13187    18 LWLGICSRGIIIYEEKngARTPvlRFPWRETQKISFDKKKFTIESRGGSGIKH----TFYTDSYKKSQYLLQLCSAQHKF 93

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) and similar proteins; PTPN14, also termed protein-tyrosine phosphatase pez, or PTPD2, or PTP36, is a widely expressed non-transmembrane cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). It belongs to the FERM family of PTPs characterized by a conserved N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal PTP catalytic domain with an intervening sequence containing an acidic region and a putative SH3 domain-binding sequence. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). PTPN14 plays a role in the nucleus during cell proliferation. It forms a complex with Kibra and LATS1 proteins and negatively regulates the key Hippo pathway protein Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncogenic function by controlling its localization. It specifically regulates p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas) phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 128 (Y128) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Moreover, PTPN14 may be a critical enzyme in regulating endothelial cell function. It plays a crucial role in organogenesis by inducing transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It also acts as a modifier of angiogenesis and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. It regulates the lymphatic function and choanal development through the interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, PTPN14 functions as a regulator of cell motility through its action on cell-cell adhesion. Beta-Catenin, a central component of adherens junctions, has been identified as a PTPN14 substrate. PTPN14 works as a novel sperm-motility biomarker and a potential mitochondrial protein.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 213 KVSLLDDTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQVRGV---PWNFtFNVKFY 289
Cdd:cd17191     7 RIRLLDSNVIECTLSVESTGQECLEAVAQRLELRETHYFGLWFLSKSQQARWVELEKPLKKQLDKFanePLLF-FGVMFY 85

                  ..
gi 2462505868 290 PP 291
Cdd:cd17191    86 VP 87

FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, F1 sub-domain, found in merlin and similar proteins; Merlin, also termed moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein, or neurofibromin-2 (NF2), or Schwannomerlin, or Schwannomin, is a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of cytoskeletal proteins that plays an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis through providing a regulated linkage between F-actin and membrane-associated proteins. These proteins may also function in signaling cascades that regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers. The ERM proteins consist of an N-terminal FERM domain, a coiled-coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal tail segment (C-tail) containing a well-defined actin-binding motif, merlin however lacks the typical actin-binding motif in the C-tail. The FERM domain is made up of three sub-domains, F1, F2, and F3. This family corresponds to the F1 sub-domain, which is also called the N-terminal ubiquitin-like structural domain of the FERM domain (FERM_N). Merlin plays vital roles in controlling proper development of organ sizes by specifically binding to a large number of target proteins localized both in cytoplasm and nuclei. Merlin may function as a tumor suppressor that functions upstream of the core Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2 (Wts in Drosophila) and Mst1/2 (Hpo in Drosophila), as well as the nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase DDB1-and-Cullin 4-associated Factor 1 (DCAF1)-associated cullin 4-Roc1 ligase, CRL4(DCAF1). Merlin may also has a tumor suppressor function in melanoma cells, the inhibition of the proto-oncogenic Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) activity.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462505868 219 DTVYECVVEKHAKGQDLLKRVCEHLNLLEEDYFGLAIWDNATSKTWLDSAKEIKKQ--VRGVPWNFTFNVKFYP 290
Cdd:cd17186    11 DAEMEFNCEMKWKGKDLFDLVCRTIGLRETWYFGLQYTDSKGTVAWLKMDKKVLDQdvPKEEPVTFHFLAKFYP 84

FERM domain C-lobe of FERM domain containing 1 and 6 proteins; FRMD6 (also called willin and hEx/human expanded) is localized throughout the cytoplasm or along the plasma membrane. The Drosophilla protein Ex is a regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and is tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Surprisingly, hEx is thought to function independently of the Hippo pathway. Instead it is hypothesized that hEx inhibits progression through the S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating p21(Cip1) and downregulating Cyclin A. It is also implicated in the progression of Alzheimer disease. Not much is known about FRMD1 to date. Both FRMD1 and FRMD6 contains a single FERM domain which has a cloverleaf tripart structure composed of: (1) FERM_N (A-lobe or F1); (2) FERM_M (B-lobe, or F2); and (3) FERM_C (C-lobe or F3). The C-lobe is a member of the PH superfamily. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462505868 396 YGVDLHKaKDLEGVdIILGVCSSGLLVYKDKLRIN----RFPWPKVLKISYKRSSFfiKIRPGEQeqyESTIGFKLPSYR 471
Cdd:cd13185     8 YRLRKSK-KETPGS-VLLGITAKGIQIYQESDGEQqllrTFPWSNIGKLSFDRKKF--EIRPEGS---LRKLTYYTSSDE 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 2462505868 472 AAKKLWKVCVEHHTF 486
Cdd:cd13185    81 KSKYLLALCRETHQF 95