Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family (N-terminal domain); Guanylate-binding protein (GBP), N-terminal domain. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) define a group of proteins that are synthesized after activation of the cell by interferons. The biochemical properties of GBPs are clearly different from those of Ras-like and heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. They bind guanine nucleotides with low affinity (micromolar range), are stable in their absence and have a high turnover GTPase. In addition to binding GDP/GTP, they have the unique ability to bind GMP with equal affinity and hydrolyze GTP not only to GDP, but also to GMP. Furthermore, two unique regions around the base and the phosphate-binding areas, the guanine and the phosphate caps, respectively, give the nucleotide-binding site a unique appearance not found in the canonical GTP-binding proteins. The phosphate cap, which constitutes the region analogous to switch I, completely shields the phosphate-binding site from solvent such that a potential GTPase-activating protein (GAP) cannot approach.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 138 LARDTPVCLLAVLGEQHSGKSFLLNHLLQGlpglesgeggrprggeasLQGCRWGAN--GLARGIWMWSHPFLLGKeGKK 215
Cdd:cd01851     1 LDVGFPVVVVSVFGSQSSGKSFLLNHLFGT------------------SDGFDVMDTsqQTTKGIWMWSDPFKDTD-GKK 61

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 216 VAVFLVDTGDAMSPELSR-ETRIKLCALTTMLSSYQILSTSQELKDTDLDYLEMFVH----VAEVMGKHYGMVPIQHLDL 290
Cdd:cd01851    62 HAVLLLDTEGTDGRERGEfENDARLFALATLLSSVLIYNMWQTILGDDLDKLMGLLKtaleTLGLAGLHNFSKPKPLLLF 141

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 291 LVRDSSHPNKAGQGHVGNIFQRLSGRYPKVQELLQGK--RARCCLLPAPGRRRMNQGHASPG-DTDDDFRHLLGAYVSDV 367
Cdd:cd01851   142 VVRDFTGPTPLEGLDVTEKSETLIEELNKIWSSIRKPftPITCFVLPHPGLLHKLLQNDGRLkDLPPEFRKALKALRQRF 221

                  ..
gi 2217313600 368 LS 369
Cdd:cd01851   222 FS 223

Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family (N-terminal domain); Guanylate-binding protein (GBP), N-terminal domain. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) define a group of proteins that are synthesized after activation of the cell by interferons. The biochemical properties of GBPs are clearly different from those of Ras-like and heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. They bind guanine nucleotides with low affinity (micromolar range), are stable in their absence and have a high turnover GTPase. In addition to binding GDP/GTP, they have the unique ability to bind GMP with equal affinity and hydrolyze GTP not only to GDP, but also to GMP. Furthermore, two unique regions around the base and the phosphate-binding areas, the guanine and the phosphate caps, respectively, give the nucleotide-binding site a unique appearance not found in the canonical GTP-binding proteins. The phosphate cap, which constitutes the region analogous to switch I, completely shields the phosphate-binding site from solvent such that a potential GTPase-activating protein (GAP) cannot approach.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 138 LARDTPVCLLAVLGEQHSGKSFLLNHLLQGlpglesgeggrprggeasLQGCRWGAN--GLARGIWMWSHPFLLGKeGKK 215
Cdd:cd01851     1 LDVGFPVVVVSVFGSQSSGKSFLLNHLFGT------------------SDGFDVMDTsqQTTKGIWMWSDPFKDTD-GKK 61

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 216 VAVFLVDTGDAMSPELSR-ETRIKLCALTTMLSSYQILSTSQELKDTDLDYLEMFVH----VAEVMGKHYGMVPIQHLDL 290
Cdd:cd01851    62 HAVLLLDTEGTDGRERGEfENDARLFALATLLSSVLIYNMWQTILGDDLDKLMGLLKtaleTLGLAGLHNFSKPKPLLLF 141

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 291 LVRDSSHPNKAGQGHVGNIFQRLSGRYPKVQELLQGK--RARCCLLPAPGRRRMNQGHASPG-DTDDDFRHLLGAYVSDV 367
Cdd:cd01851   142 VVRDFTGPTPLEGLDVTEKSETLIEELNKIWSSIRKPftPITCFVLPHPGLLHKLLQNDGRLkDLPPEFRKALKALRQRF 221

                  ..
gi 2217313600 368 LS 369
Cdd:cd01851   222 FS 223

Guanylate-binding protein, N-terminal domain; Transcription of the anti-viral guanylate-binding protein (GBP) is induced by interferon-gamma during macrophage induction. This family contains GBP1 and GPB2, both GTPases capable of binding GTP, GDP and GMP.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 139 ARDTPVCLLAVLGEQHSGKSFLLNHLLQGLPGLesgeggrprggeaSLQGcrwGANGLARGIWMWSHPFllgKEGKKVAV 218
Cdd:pfam02263  16 AITQPVVVVAIAGLYRTGKSFLMNFLAGKLTGF-------------SLGG---TVESETKGIWMWCVPH---PNKPKHTL 76

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 219 FLVDTGDAMSPELSretRIKLC----ALTTMLSSYQILSTSQELKDTDLDYLEMFVHVAEVMGKHYGMV--------PIQ 286
Cdd:pfam02263  77 VLLDTEGLGDVEKS---DNKNDawifALATLLSSTFVYNSSQTINQQALQQLHLVTELTELSSPRYGRVadsadfvsFFP 153

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 287 HLDLLVRDSSHPNKAGQGHVG------NIFQRLSGRYPKVQELLQGKRA--------RCCLLPAPGRRRMNQGH---ASP 349
Cdd:pfam02263 154 DFVWTVRDFSLPLEADGGPITgdeyleNRLKLSQGQHEELQNFNLPRLCirsffpkrKCFLFDRPGLKKALNPQfegLRE 233

                         250       260
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2217313600 350 GDTDDDFRHLLGAYVSDVLSAAPQH 374
Cdd:pfam02263 234 DELDPEFQQQLREFCSYILSHSLVK 258

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600   33 CSICLER-LRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLpgCEPPCCPEC 73
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEyLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLE--SGNNTCPIC 40

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RMA2; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCF---------STHRLPGC----EPPCCPECRKICKQKRGLRSLGEKMKL------L 93
Cdd:PLN03208   21 CNICLDQVRDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCIhkwtyasnnSRQRVDQYdhkrEPPKCPVCKSDVSEATLVPIYGRGQKApqsgsnV 100

                  ....*..
gi 2217313600  94 PQRPLPP 100
Cdd:PLN03208  101 PSRPSGP 107

Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family (N-terminal domain); Guanylate-binding protein (GBP), N-terminal domain. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) define a group of proteins that are synthesized after activation of the cell by interferons. The biochemical properties of GBPs are clearly different from those of Ras-like and heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. They bind guanine nucleotides with low affinity (micromolar range), are stable in their absence and have a high turnover GTPase. In addition to binding GDP/GTP, they have the unique ability to bind GMP with equal affinity and hydrolyze GTP not only to GDP, but also to GMP. Furthermore, two unique regions around the base and the phosphate-binding areas, the guanine and the phosphate caps, respectively, give the nucleotide-binding site a unique appearance not found in the canonical GTP-binding proteins. The phosphate cap, which constitutes the region analogous to switch I, completely shields the phosphate-binding site from solvent such that a potential GTPase-activating protein (GAP) cannot approach.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 138 LARDTPVCLLAVLGEQHSGKSFLLNHLLQGlpglesgeggrprggeasLQGCRWGAN--GLARGIWMWSHPFLLGKeGKK 215
Cdd:cd01851     1 LDVGFPVVVVSVFGSQSSGKSFLLNHLFGT------------------SDGFDVMDTsqQTTKGIWMWSDPFKDTD-GKK 61

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 216 VAVFLVDTGDAMSPELSR-ETRIKLCALTTMLSSYQILSTSQELKDTDLDYLEMFVH----VAEVMGKHYGMVPIQHLDL 290
Cdd:cd01851    62 HAVLLLDTEGTDGRERGEfENDARLFALATLLSSVLIYNMWQTILGDDLDKLMGLLKtaleTLGLAGLHNFSKPKPLLLF 141

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 291 LVRDSSHPNKAGQGHVGNIFQRLSGRYPKVQELLQGK--RARCCLLPAPGRRRMNQGHASPG-DTDDDFRHLLGAYVSDV 367
Cdd:cd01851   142 VVRDFTGPTPLEGLDVTEKSETLIEELNKIWSSIRKPftPITCFVLPHPGLLHKLLQNDGRLkDLPPEFRKALKALRQRF 221

                  ..
gi 2217313600 368 LS 369
Cdd:cd01851   222 FS 223

Guanylate-binding protein, N-terminal domain; Transcription of the anti-viral guanylate-binding protein (GBP) is induced by interferon-gamma during macrophage induction. This family contains GBP1 and GPB2, both GTPases capable of binding GTP, GDP and GMP.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 139 ARDTPVCLLAVLGEQHSGKSFLLNHLLQGLPGLesgeggrprggeaSLQGcrwGANGLARGIWMWSHPFllgKEGKKVAV 218
Cdd:pfam02263  16 AITQPVVVVAIAGLYRTGKSFLMNFLAGKLTGF-------------SLGG---TVESETKGIWMWCVPH---PNKPKHTL 76

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 219 FLVDTGDAMSPELSretRIKLC----ALTTMLSSYQILSTSQELKDTDLDYLEMFVHVAEVMGKHYGMV--------PIQ 286
Cdd:pfam02263  77 VLLDTEGLGDVEKS---DNKNDawifALATLLSSTFVYNSSQTINQQALQQLHLVTELTELSSPRYGRVadsadfvsFFP 153

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600 287 HLDLLVRDSSHPNKAGQGHVG------NIFQRLSGRYPKVQELLQGKRA--------RCCLLPAPGRRRMNQGH---ASP 349
Cdd:pfam02263 154 DFVWTVRDFSLPLEADGGPITgdeyleNRLKLSQGQHEELQNFNLPRLCirsffpkrKCFLFDRPGLKKALNPQfegLRE 233

                         250       260
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2217313600 350 GDTDDDFRHLLGAYVSDVLSAAPQH 374
Cdd:pfam02263 234 DELDPEFQQQLREFCSYILSHSLVK 258

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTH--RLPGCEPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16598     6 TCSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSCITDYcpISGGHERPVCPLCRK 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 69 (TRIM69) and similar proteins; TRIM69, also known as RFP-like domain-containing protein trimless or RING finger protein 36 (RNF36), is a testis E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a specific role in apoptosis and may also play an important role in germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. TRIM69 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECRKICKQKRG 82
Cdd:cd16611     7 CPLCLDFFRDPVMLSCGHNFCQSCITGFWELQAEDTTCPECRELCQYRNL 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM4 and similar proteins; TRIM4 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM4, also known as RING finger protein 87 (RNF87), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that has recently evolved and is present only in higher mammals. It transiently interacts with mitochondria, induces mitochondrial aggregation and sensitizes the cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced death. Its interaction with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) is critical for the regulation of H2O2 induced cell death. Moreover, TRIM4 functions as a positive regulator of RIG-I-mediated type I interferon induction. It regulates the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-1 and assembly of antiviral signaling complex at the mitochondria.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16590     4 QEELTCPICLDYFQDPVSIECGHNFCRGCLHRNWAPGGGPFPCPECR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTH------RLpgceppcCPECRKIC 77
Cdd:cd16608     8 LCSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQCITEHwsrsehRD-------CPECRRTF 52

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGcePPCCPEC 73
Cdd:cd16449     2 ECPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLLESG--SIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 38 (TRIM38) and similar proteins; TRIM38, also known as RING finger protein 15 (RNF15) or zinc finger protein RoRet, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins and also catalyzes self-ubiquitination. It negatively regulates Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1beta-triggered Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by mediating lysosomal-dependent degradation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein (TAB)2/3, two critical components of the TAK1 kinase complex. It also inhibits TLR3/4-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by mediating ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) and NAK-associated protein 1 (Nap1), respectively. Moreover, TRIM38 negatively regulates TLR3-mediated interferon beta (IFN-beta) signaling by targeting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF). It functions as a valid target for autoantibodies in primary Sjogren's Syndrome. TRIM38 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFS------THRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16600     3 REEATCSICLQLMTEPVSINCGHSYCKRCIVsflenqSQLEPGLETFSCPQCR 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 39 (RNF39) and similar proteins; RNF39, also called protein HZFw, may play a role in prolonged long term-potentiation (LTP) maintenance. It is involved in the etiology of Behcet's disease (BD). It may also be involved in HIV-1 replication. RNF39 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways by mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DDX3X (DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, X-linked). RNF39 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2217313600  29 ELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTH----RLPGCEPP--CCPECRKICK 78
Cdd:cd16592     3 EETTCPICLGYFKDPVILDCEHSFCRACIARHwgqeAMEGNGAEgvFCPQCGEPCP 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31) and similar proteins; TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that primarily localizes to the cytoplasm, but is also associated with the mitochondria. It can negatively regulate cell proliferation and may be a potential biomarker of gastric cancer as it is overexpressed from the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis. TRIM31 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a potential tumor suppressor. It interacts with p52 (Shc) and inhibits Src-induced anchorage-independent growth. TRIM31 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPEC 73
Cdd:cd16582     3 ICPICLDILQKPVTIDCGHNFCLQCITQIGETSCGFFKCPLC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPEC 73
Cdd:cd16601     4 CSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM41, TRIM52 and similar proteins; TRIM41 and TRIM52, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, have dramatically expanded RING domains compared with the rest of the TRIM family proteins. TRIM41 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM52 lacks the putative viral recognition SPRY/B30.2 domain, and thus has been classified to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains only RBCC domains. TRIM41, also known as RING finger-interacting protein with C kinase (RINCK), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in cells. It specifically recognizes the C1 domain of PKC isozymes. It controls the amplitude of PKC signaling by controlling the amount of PKC in the cell. TRIM52, also known as RING finger protein 102 (RNF102), is encoded by a novel, noncanonical antiviral TRIM52 gene in primate genomes with unique specificity determined by the rapidly evolving RING domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSthRLPGCeppCCPECRKICKQK 80
Cdd:cd16602     1 QEEAVCAICLDYFKDPVSIGCGHNFCRVCVT--QLWGF---TCPQCRKSFPRR 48

zinc finger of C3HC4-type, RING; This is a family of primate-specific Ret finger protein-like (RFPL) zinc-fingers of the C3HC4 type. Ret finger protein-like proteins are primate-specific target genes of Pax6, a key transcription factor for pancreas, eye and neocortex development. This domain is likely to be DNA-binding. This zinc-finger domain together with the RDM domain, pfam11002, forms a large zinc-finger structure of the RING/U-Box superfamily. RING-containing proteins are known to exert an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity with the zinc-finger structure being mandatory for binding to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRC-FSTHRLPGCEPPCCPEC 73
Cdd:pfam15227   1 CPICLDYLEKPVSIECGHSFCLSCiNSLQKEPDGESLLCPQC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in checkpoint with forkhead and RING finger domains protein (CHFR); CHFR, also known as RING finger protein 196 (RNF196), is a checkpoint protein that delays entry into mitosis in response to stress. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates and degrades its target proteins, such as Aurora-A, Plk1, Kif22, and PARP-1, which are critical for proper mitotic transitions. It also plays an important role in cell cycle progression and tumor suppression, and is negatively regulated by SUMOylation-mediated proteasomal ubiquitylation. Moreover, CHFR is involved in the early stage of the DNA damage response, which mediates the crosstalk between ubiquitination and poly-ADP-ribosylation. CHFR contains a fork head associated (FHA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLD-CGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGcePPCCPECRKICK 78
Cdd:cd16503     4 TCSICQDLLHDCVSLQpCMHNFCAACYSDWMERS--NTECPTCRATVQ 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM60, TRIM61, TRIM75 and similar proteins; TRIM60, also known as RING finger protein 129 (RNF129) or RING finger protein 33 (RNF33), is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in the testis. It may play an important role in the spermatogenesis process, the development of the preimplantation embryo, and in testicular functions. RNF33 interacts with the cytoplasmic kinesin motor proteins KIF3A and KIF3B suggesting possible contribution to cargo movement along the microtubule in the expressed sites. It is also involved in spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells under the regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM75 mainly localizes within spindles, suggesting it may function in spindle organization and thereby affect meiosis. Both TRIM60 and TRIM75 belong the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B2-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a PRY domain and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM61 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains RBCC domains only. Its biological function remains unclear.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECRKIC 77
Cdd:cd16607     4 CPICLDYLKDPVTINCGHNFCRSCISMSWKDLQDTFPCPVCRFCC 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 168 (RNF168) and similar proteins; RNF168 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes noncanonical K27 ubiquitination to signal DNA damage. It, together with RNF8, functions as a DNA damage response (DDR) factor that promotes a series of ubiquitylation events on substrates, such as H2A and H2AX with H2AK13/15 ubiquitylation, facilitates recruitment of repair factors p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) or the RAP80-BRCA1 complex to sites of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) in cells deficient in the tumor suppressor BRCA1. RNF168 also promotes H2A neddylation, which antagonizes ubiquitylation of H2A and regulates DNA damage repair. Moreover, RNF168 forms a functional complex with RAD6A or RAD6B during the DNA damage response. RNF168 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that catalyzes H2A-K15ub and interacts with H2A, and two MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin) domains responsible for the interaction with K63 linked poly-ubiquitin.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTH----RLpgceppCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16550     2 LCPICLEILVEPVTLPCNHTLCMPCFQSTvekaSL------CCPLCRL 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (Equine herpesvirus 1/EHV-1) regulatory protein and similar proteins; EHV-1 regulatory protein belongs to the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and binds zinc stably.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRD-PISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHrlpGCEPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd23130     3 CPICLDDPEDeAITLPCLHQFCYTCILRW---LQTSPTCPLCKT 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (TRIM35) and similar proteins; TRIM35, also known as hemopoietic lineage switch protein 5 (HLS5), is a putative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppressor that inhibits phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), which is involved in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells and further suppresses the Warburg effect and tumorigenicity in HCC. It also negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production by suppressing the stability of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Moreover, TRIM35 regulates erythroid differentiation by modulating globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) activity. TRIM35 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRlPGCEPPCCPECRKIC 77
Cdd:cd16599     2 KEELLCPICYEPFREAVTLRCGHNFCKGCVSRSW-ERQPRAPCPVCKEAS 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3); TRIM3, also known as brain-expressed RING finger protein (BERP), RING finger protein 97 (RNF97), or RING finger protein 22 (RNF22), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. It functions as a tumor suppressor that regulates asymmetric cell division in glioblastoma. It binds to the cdk inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) and regulates its availability that promotes cyclin D1-cdk4 nuclear accumulation. Moreover, TRIM3 plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). It is encoded by the gene BERP (brain-expressed RING finger protein), a unique p53-regulated gene that modulates seizure susceptibility and GABAAR cell surface expression. Furthermore, TRIM3 mediates activity-dependent turnover of postsynaptic density (PSD) scaffold proteins GKAP/SAPAP1 and is a negative regulator of dendritic spine morphology. In addition, TRIM3 may be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the cytoskeleton-associated-recycling or transport (CART) complex that is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling, but not for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation. It also regulates the motility of the kinesin superfamily protein KIF21B. TRIM3 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16768     2 KQFLVCSICLDRYHNPKVLPCLHTFCERCLQNYIPPQSLTLSCPVCR 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-2 (MID2) and similar proteins; MID2, also known as midin-2, midline defect 2, RING finger protein 60 (RNF60), or tripartite motif-containing protein 1 (TRIM1), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and is highly related to MID1 that associates with cytoplasmic microtubules along their length and throughout the cell cycle. Like MID1, MID2 associates with the microtubule network and may at least partially compensate for the loss of MID1. Both MID1 and MID2 interacts with Alpha 4, which is a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases, such as PP2A, and an integral component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. MID2 can also substitute for MID1 to control exocytosis of lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID2 lead to the human X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). MID2 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxy-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. MID2 hetero-dimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCfsTHRL--PGC------EPPC---CPECRK-ICKQKRGL 83
Cdd:cd16754     9 TCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFSC--AHRIltSGCasgesiEPPSafqCPTCRYvISLNHRGL 70

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING membrane-anchor proteins (AtRMAs) and similar proteins; AtRMAs, including AtRma1, AtRma2, and AtRma3, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Arabidopsis homologs of human outer membrane of the ER-anchor E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, RING finger protein 5 (RNF5). AtRMAs possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. The AtRMA1 and AtRMA3 genes are predominantly expressed in major tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, shoot-root junction, roots, and anthers, while AtRMA2 expression is restricted to the root tips and leaf hydathodes. AtRma1 probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. AtRma2 is likely involved in the cellular regulation of ABP1 expression levels through interacting with auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1). AtRMA proteins contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a trans-membrane-anchoring domain in their extreme C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16745     3 CNICLDLAQDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCLHKWLRRQSSQPECPVCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72) and similar proteins; TRIM72, also known as Mitsugumin-53 (MG53), is a muscle-specific protein that plays a central role in cell membrane repair by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at muscle injury sites. It is required in repair of alveolar epithelial cells under plasma membrane stress failure. It interacts with dysferlin to regulate sarcolemmal repair. Upregulation of TRIM72 develops obesity, systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, as well as induces diabetic cardiomyopathy through transcriptional activation of the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) signaling pathway. Compensation for the absence of AKT signaling by ERK signaling during TRIM72 overexpression leads to pathological hypertrophy. Moreover, TRIM72 functions as a novel negative feedback regulator of myogenesis by targeting insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). It is transcriptionally activated by the synergism of myogenin (MyoD) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). TRIM72 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSthRLPGCE---PPCCPECRKICK 78
Cdd:cd16612     6 SCPLCLKLFQSPVTTECGHTFCQDCLS--RVPKEEdggSTSCPTCQAPTK 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 8 (TRIM8) and similar proteins; TRIM8, also known as glioblastoma-expressed RING finger protein (GERP) or RING finger protein 27 (RNF27), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may promote proteasomal degradation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and further regulate interferon-gamma signaling. It functions as a new p53 modulator that stabilizes p53 impairing its association with MDM2 and inducing the reduction of cell proliferation. TRIM8 deficit dramatically impairs p53 stabilization and activation in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. TRIM8 also modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-triggered nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation by targeting transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) activated kinase 1 (TAK1) for K63-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, TRIM8 modulates translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus through interaction with Hsp90beta and consequently regulates transcription of Nanog in embryonic stem cells. It also interacts with protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3), which inhibits IL-6-dependent activation of STAT3. TRIM8 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The coiled coil domain is required for homodimerization and the region immediately C-terminal to the RING motif is sufficient to mediate the interaction with SOCS1.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECRKICKQKRGL 83
Cdd:cd16580    14 CPICLHVFVEPVQLPCKHNFCRGCIGEAWAKDAGLVRCPECNQAYNQKPSL 64

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 169 (RNF169) and similar proteins; RNF169 is an uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase paralogous to RNF168. It functions as a negative regulator of the DNA damage signaling cascade. RNF169 recognizes polyubiquitin structures but does not itself contribute to double-strand break (DSB)-induced chromatin ubiquitylation. It contributes to regulation of the DSB repair pathway utilization via functionally competing with recruiting repair factors, 53BP1 and RAP80-BRCA1, for association with RNF168-modified chromatin independent of its catalytic activity, limiting the magnitude of the RNF8/RNF168-dependent signaling response to DSBs. RNF169 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a C-terminal MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin) domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16551     3 TCAGCLEVPVEPATLPCGHTLCRGCANRALDAAEAGPTCPRCR 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. MID1 hetero-dimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCI---------RCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECRK-ICKQKRGLRSL 86
Cdd:cd16753     7 TCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFncahrilvsHCASNESVESITAFQCPTCRYvITLNQRGLEGL 71

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2); TRIM2, also known as RING finger protein 86 (RNF86), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that ubiquitinates the neurofilament light chain, a component of the intermediate filament in axons. Loss of function of TRIM2 results in early-onset axonal neuropathy. TRIM2 also plays a role in mediating the p42/p44 MAPK-dependent ubiquitination of the cell death-promoting protein Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) in rapid ischemic tolerance. TRIM2 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2217313600  28 RELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16767     4 KQFLICSICLDRYKNPKVLPCLHTFCERCLQNYIPAHSLTLSCPVCRQ 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in peroxin-10 (PEX10) and similar proteins; PEX10, also known as peroxisome biogenesis factor 10, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10, peroxisome assembly protein 10, or RING finger protein 69 (RNF69), is an integral peroxisomal membrane protein with two transmembrane regions and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger within its cytoplasmically exposed C-terminus. It plays an essential role in peroxisome assembly, import of target substrates, and recycling or degradation of protein complexes and amino acids. It is an essential component of the spinal locomotor circuit, and thus its mutations may be involved in peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBD). Mutations in human PEX10 also result in autosomal recessive ataxia. Moreover, PEX10 functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase with an E2, UBCH5C. It mono- or poly-ubiquitinates PEX5, a key player in peroxisomal matrix protein import, in a UBC4-dependent manner, to control PEX5 receptor recycling or degradation. It also links the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme PEX4 to the protein import machinery of the peroxisome.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHrlpgC-EPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16527     3 CSLCLEERRHPTATPCGHLFCWSCITEW----CnEKPECPLCRE 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Caenorhabditis elegans RING finger protein NHL-1 and similar proteins; NHL-1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in the presence of both UBC-13 and UBC-1 within the ubiquitin pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans. It acts in chemosensory neurons to promote stress resistance in distal tissues by the transcription factor DAF-16 activation but is dispensable for the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1). NHL-1 belongs to the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2217313600  29 ELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFcircfsthrlpgCEPPC-------------CPECRKI 76
Cdd:cd16524     4 QLLTCPICLDRYRRPKLLPCQHTF------------CLSPCleglvdyvtrklkCPECRAE 52

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in ligand of Numb protein LNX1, LNX2, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4 or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for substrate-binding. LNX1/LNX2-like proteins contain a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and four PDZ domains. This model corresponds to the RING finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFsTHRLPgcEPPCCP 71
Cdd:cd16637     3 TCHICLQPLVEPLDTPCGHTFCYKCL-TNYLK--IQQCCP 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2217313600  29 ELPTCSICLERLRDPISL-DCGHDFCIRCFsTHRLPGCePPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16544     1 AELTCPVCQEVLKDPVELpPCRHIFCKACI-LLALRSS-GARCPLCRG 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM13, TRIM59 and similar proteins; TRIM13 and TRIM59, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, followed by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). TRIM59, also known as RING finger protein 104 (RNF104) or tumor suppressor TSBF-1, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a novel multiple cancer biomarker for immunohistochemical detection of early tumorigenesis.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217313600  29 ELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRC----FSTHRLPGCEPPCCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16581     1 EELTCSICYNIFDDPKILPCSHTFCKNCleklLAASGYYLLASLKCPTCR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) and similar proteins; TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. This subfamily also includes RING finger protein 135 (RNF135). RNF135, also known as RIG-I E3 ubiquitin ligase (REUL) or Riplet, is a widely expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that consists of an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and C-terminal B30.2/SPRY and PRY motifs, but lacks the B-box and coiled-coil domains that are also typically present in TRIM proteins. RNF135 serves as a specific retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-interacting protein that ubiquitinates RIG-I and specifically stimulates RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral activity to produce antiviral type-I interferon (IFN) during the early phase of viral infection. It also has been identified as a bio-marker and therapy target of glioblastoma. It associates with the ERK signal transduction pathway and plays a role in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPG-CEPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16604     3 CPICLDLLKDPVTLPCGHSFCMGCLGALWGAGrGGRASCPLCRQ 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) and similar proteins; COP1, also known as RING finger and WD repeat domain protein 2 (RFWD2) or RING finger protein 200 (RNF200), is a central regulator of photomorphogenic development in plants, which targets key transcription factors for proteasome-dependent degradation. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, but may also be present in the cytosol. Mammalian COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with Jun transcription factors and modulates their transcriptional activity. It also interacts with and negatively regulates the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Moreover, COP1 associates with COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), and is involved in 14-3-3sigma ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The CSN6-COP1 link enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1), a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, to promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, COP1 functions as the negative regulator of ETV1 and influences prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. COP1 contains an N-terminal extension, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a coiled coil domain, and seven WD40 repeats. In human COP1, a classic leucine-rich NES, and a novel bipartite NLS is bridged by the RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPPCC 70
Cdd:cd16504     4 LCPICFDIIKEAFVTKCGHSFCYKCIVKHLEQKNRCPKC 42

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RMA2; Provisional

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gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCF---------STHRLPGC----EPPCCPECRKICKQKRGLRSLGEKMKL------L 93
Cdd:PLN03208   21 CNICLDQVRDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCIhkwtyasnnSRQRVDQYdhkrEPPKCPVCKSDVSEATLVPIYGRGQKApqsgsnV 100

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gi 2217313600  94 PQRPLPP 100
Cdd:PLN03208  101 PSRPSGP 107

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase (MAPL) and similar proteins; MAPL, also known as MULAN, mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1, E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1, growth inhibition and death E3 ligase (GIDE), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 266, or RING finger protein 218 (RNF218), is a multifunctional mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in several processes specific to metazoan (multicellular animal) cells, such as NF-kappaB activation, innate immunity and antiviral signaling, suppression of PINK1/parkin defects, mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. MAPL contains a unique BAM (beside a membrane)/GIDE (growth inhibition death E3 ligase) domain and a C-terminal modified cytosolic C3HC5-type RING-HC finger which is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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gi 2217313600  33 CSICLERLRDPISLDCGHD-FCIRCFSThrLPgcEPPCCPECRK 75
Cdd:cd16648     4 CVICLSNPRSCVFLECGHVcSCIECYEA--LP--SPKKCPICRS 43

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

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gi 2217313600  29 ELPTCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCeppccpecrKICKQKRG 82
Cdd:cd16513     1 DLLSCPLCRGLLFEPVTLPCGHTFCKRCLERDPSSRC---------RLCRLKLS 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein KEEP ON GOING (KEG) and similar proteins; KEG, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase KEG, is a RING E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. It is essential for Arabidopsis growth and development. It acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling. It is required for ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) degradation, by mediating its ubiquitination. Together with EDR1, KEG may regulate endocytic trafficking and/or the formation of signaling complexes on trans-Golgi network (TGN)/ early endosome (EE) vesicles during stress responses. KEG is a multidomain protein that includes a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a kinase domain, ankyrin repeats, and 12 HERC2-like (for HECT and RCC1-like) repeats.

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gi 2217313600  30 LPTCSICLERL----RDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRLPGCEPP-CCPECRKICK 78
Cdd:cd23140     1 VPECSVCSEGYnedeRVPLLLQCGHTFCKDCLSQMFIRCTDLTlKCPRCRQSVL 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 170 (RNF170) and similar proteins; RNF170, also known as putative LAG1-interacting protein, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (ITPR1) via the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. A point mutation (arginine to cysteine at position 199) in the RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), a disease characterized by neurodegeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. RNF170 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 2217313600  32 TCSICLERLRDPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTH----RLPGCEPpcCPECR 74
Cdd:cd16553     3 ECPICLQDARFPVETNCGHLFCGPCIITYwrhgSWLGAVS--CPVCR 47