patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein may function as a lipid acyl hydrolase, catalyzing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene ...
28-272
8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene sequence-2), shows both lipase and transacylation activities. GS2 lipase is expressed in various tissues, predominantly in muscle and adipocytes tissue. It is also expressed in keratinocytes and shows retinyl ester hydrolase, acylglycerol, TG hydrolase, and PLA2 activity. This family includes patatin-like proteins: GS2 from mammals, PNPLA4 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4), and iPLA2-eta (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) from Homo sapiens.
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Pssm-ID: 132861 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 408.26 E-value: 8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene ...
28-272
8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene sequence-2), shows both lipase and transacylation activities. GS2 lipase is expressed in various tissues, predominantly in muscle and adipocytes tissue. It is also expressed in keratinocytes and shows retinyl ester hydrolase, acylglycerol, TG hydrolase, and PLA2 activity. This family includes patatin-like proteins: GS2 from mammals, PNPLA4 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4), and iPLA2-eta (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) from Homo sapiens.
Pssm-ID: 132861 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 408.26 E-value: 8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase; This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. ...
29-198
4.51e-12
Patatin-like phospholipase; This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein but it also has the enzymatic activity of lipid acyl hydrolase, catalysing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have been found also in vertebrates.
Pssm-ID: 396341 Cd Length: 190 Bit Score: 63.40 E-value: 4.51e-12
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene ...
28-272
8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 4; PNPLA4, also known as GS2 (gene sequence-2), shows both lipase and transacylation activities. GS2 lipase is expressed in various tissues, predominantly in muscle and adipocytes tissue. It is also expressed in keratinocytes and shows retinyl ester hydrolase, acylglycerol, TG hydrolase, and PLA2 activity. This family includes patatin-like proteins: GS2 from mammals, PNPLA4 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4), and iPLA2-eta (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) from Homo sapiens.
Pssm-ID: 132861 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 408.26 E-value: 8.90e-146
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein family; Members of this family share a ...
28-271
5.30e-104
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein family; Members of this family share a patain domain, initially discovered in potato tubers. PNPLA protein members show non-specific hydrolase activity with a variety of substrates such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and retinylesters. It contains the lipase consensus sequence (Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly). Nomenclature of PNPLA family could be misleading as some of the mammalian members of this family show hydrolase, but no phospholipase activity.
Pssm-ID: 132843 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 302.35 E-value: 5.30e-104
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2; Classified as Group IVA-1 PLA2; Calcium-independent ...
27-271
6.10e-81
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2; Classified as Group IVA-1 PLA2; Calcium-independent phospholipase A2; otherwise known as Group IVA-1 PLA2. It contains the lipase consensus sequence (Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly);mutagenesis experiments confirm the role of this serine as a nucleophile. Some members of this group show triacylglycerol lipase activity (EC 3:1:1:3). Members include iPLA-1, iPLA-2, and iPLA-3 from Aedes aegypti and show acylglycerol transacylase/lipase activity. Also includes putative iPLA2-eta from Pediculus humanus corporis which shows patatin-like phospholipase activity.
Pssm-ID: 132857 Cd Length: 245 Bit Score: 244.18 E-value: 6.10e-81
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 2; PNPLA2 plays a key role in hydrolysis ...
28-271
2.89e-74
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 2; PNPLA2 plays a key role in hydrolysis of stored triacylglecerols and is also known as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Members of this family share a patain domain, initially discovered in potato tubers. ATGL is expressed in white and brown adipose tissue in high mRNA levels. Mutations in PNPLA2 encoding adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) leads to neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in multiple tissues. ATGL mutations are also commonly associated with severe forms of skeletal- and cardio-myopathy. This family includes patatin-like proteins: TTS-2.2 (transport-secretion protein 2.2), PNPLA2 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2), and iPLA2-zeta (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) from Homo sapiens.
Pssm-ID: 132859 Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 227.32 E-value: 2.89e-74
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3; PNPLA3 is a triacylglycerol lipase ...
28-270
5.13e-58
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3; PNPLA3 is a triacylglycerol lipase that mediates triacylglycerol hydrolysis in adipocytes and is an indicator of the nutritional state. PNPLA3 is also known as adiponutrin (ADPN) or iPLA2-epsilon. Human adiponutrins are bound to the cell membrane of adipocytes and show transacylase, TG hydrolase, and PLA2 activity. This family includes patatin-like proteins: ADPN (adiponutrin) from mammals, PNPLA3 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3), and iPLA2-epsilon (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) from Homo sapiens.
Pssm-ID: 132860 Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 185.75 E-value: 5.13e-58
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 1; Members of this family share a patatin ...
25-271
3.31e-57
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 1; Members of this family share a patatin domain, initially discovered in potato tubers. Some members of PNPLA1 subfamily do not have the lipase consensus sequence Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly which is essential for hydrolase activity. This family includes PNPLA1 from Homo sapiens and Gallus gallus. Currently, there is no literature available on the physiological role, structure, or enzymatic activity of PNPLA1. It is expressed in various human tissues in low mRNA levels.
Pssm-ID: 132858 Cd Length: 382 Bit Score: 187.79 E-value: 3.31e-57
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 5; PNPLA5, also known as GS2L (GS2-like), ...
28-271
6.07e-46
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 5; PNPLA5, also known as GS2L (GS2-like), plays a role in regulation of adipocyte differentiation. PNPLA5 is expressed in brain tissue in high mRNA levels and low levels in liver tissue. There is no concrete evidence in support of the enzymatic activity of GS2L. This family includes patatin-like proteins: GS2L (GS2-like) and PNPLA5 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 5) reported exclusively in mammals.
Pssm-ID: 132862 Cd Length: 405 Bit Score: 158.92 E-value: 6.07e-46
Patatin-like phospholipase; Patatin is a storage protein of the potato tuber that shows ...
29-206
7.44e-44
Patatin-like phospholipase; Patatin is a storage protein of the potato tuber that shows Phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2; EC 3.1.1.4). Patatin catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, and mono- and diacylglycerols, thereby showing lipid acyl hydrolase activity. The active site includes an oxyanion hole with a conserved GGxR motif; it is found in almost all the members of this family. The catalytic dyad is formed by a serine and an aspartate. Patatin belongs to the alpha-beta hydrolase family which is identified by a characteristic nucleophile elbow with a consensus sequence of Sm-X-Nu-Sm (Sm = small residue, X = any residue and Nu = nucleophile). Members of this family have been found also in vertebrates. This family includes PNPLA (1-9), TGL (3-5), ExoU-like, and SDP1-like subfamilies. There are some additional hypothetical proteins included in this family.
Pssm-ID: 132837 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 172 Bit Score: 146.72 E-value: 7.44e-44
Patatin-like phospholipase; Patatin-like phospholipase. This family consists of various ...
30-271
9.15e-25
Patatin-like phospholipase; Patatin-like phospholipase. This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein, but it also has the enzymatic activity of lipid acyl hydrolase, catalysing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have been found also in vertebrates.
Pssm-ID: 132863 Cd Length: 233 Bit Score: 98.95 E-value: 9.15e-25
Patatins and Phospholipases; Patatin-like phospholipase. This family consists of various ...
29-206
7.38e-21
Patatins and Phospholipases; Patatin-like phospholipase. This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein, but it also has the enzymatic activity of a lipid acyl hydrolase, catalyzing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have also been found in vertebrates. This family also includes the catalytic domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2; EC 3.1.1.4) hydrolyzes the sn-2-acyl ester bond of phospholipids to release arachidonic acid. At the active site, cPLA2 contains a serine nucleophile through which the catalytic mechanism is initiated. The active site is partially covered by a solvent-accessible flexible lid. cPLA2 displays interfacial activation as it exists in both "closed lid" and "open lid" forms.
Pssm-ID: 132836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 155 Bit Score: 86.32 E-value: 7.38e-21
Patatin-like phospholipase; This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. ...
29-198
4.51e-12
Patatin-like phospholipase; This family consists of various patatin glycoproteins from plants. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein but it also has the enzymatic activity of lipid acyl hydrolase, catalysing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have been found also in vertebrates.
Pssm-ID: 396341 Cd Length: 190 Bit Score: 63.40 E-value: 4.51e-12
Hypothetical patatin similar to yjju protein of Escherichia coli; Patatin-like phospholipase ...
108-195
1.02e-09
Hypothetical patatin similar to yjju protein of Escherichia coli; Patatin-like phospholipase similar to yjju protein of Escherichia coli. This family predominantly consists of bacterial patatin glycoproteins, and some representatives from eukaryotes and archaea. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein, but it also has the enzymatic activity of a lipid acyl hydrolase, catalyzing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have also been found in vertebrates.
Pssm-ID: 132847 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 57.62 E-value: 1.02e-09
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6, protein 7, and fungal NTE1; ...
143-197
5.69e-04
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6, protein 7, and fungal NTE1; Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6 (PNPLA6) and protein 7 (PNPLA7) are included in this family. PNPLA6 is commonly known as Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE). NTE has at least two functional domains: the N-terminal domain putatively regulatory domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain which shows esterase activity. NTE shows phospholipase activity for lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Exposure of NTE to organophosphates leads to organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). OPIDN is a progressive neurological condition that is characterized by weakness, paralysis, pain, and paresthesia. PNPLA7 is an insulin-regulated phospholipase that is homologus to Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE or PNPLA6) and is also known as NTE-related esterase (NRE). Human NRE is predominantly expressed in prostate, white adipose, and pancreatic tissue. NRE hydrolyzes sn-1 esters in lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid, but shows no lipase activity with substrates like triacylglycerols (TG), cholesteryl esters, retinyl esters (RE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), or monoacylglycerol (MG). This family includes subfamily of PNPLA6 (NTE) and PNPLA7 (NRE)-like phospholipases.
Pssm-ID: 132844 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 175 Bit Score: 39.84 E-value: 5.69e-04
Hypothetical patatin similar to WS1459 of Wolinella succinogenes; Patatin-like phospholipase. ...
27-219
1.68e-03
Hypothetical patatin similar to WS1459 of Wolinella succinogenes; Patatin-like phospholipase. This family predominantly consists of bacterial patatin glycoproteins. The patatin protein accounts for up to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato tubers. Patatin is a storage protein, but it also has the enzymatic activity of a lipid acyl hydrolase, catalyzing the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane lipids. Members of this family have also been found in vertebrates.
Pssm-ID: 132849 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 221 Bit Score: 38.87 E-value: 1.68e-03
ExoU and VipD-like proteins; homologus to patatin, cPLA2, and iPLA2; ExoU, a 74-kDa enzyme, is ...
134-195
3.51e-03
ExoU and VipD-like proteins; homologus to patatin, cPLA2, and iPLA2; ExoU, a 74-kDa enzyme, is a potent virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of P. aeruginosa is to induce cytotoxicity by the injection of effector proteins (e.g. ExoU) using the type III secretion (T3S) system. ExoU is homologus to patatin and also has the conserved catalytic residues of mammalian calcium-independent (iPLA2) and cytosolic (cPLA2) PLA2. In vitro, ExoU cytotoxity is blocked by the inhibitor of cytosolic and Ca2-independent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 and iPLA2) enzymes, suggesting that phospholipase A2 inhibitors may represent a novel mode of treatment for acute P. aeruginosa infections. ExoU requires eukaryotic superoxide dismutase as a cofactor and cleaves phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in vitro. VipD, a 69-kDa cytosolic protein, belongs to the members of Legionella pneumophila family and is homologus to ExoU from Pseudomonas. Even though VipD shows high sequence similarity with several functional regions of ExoU (e.g. oxyanion hole, active site serine, active site aspartate), it has been shown to have no phospholipase activity. This family includes ExoU from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and VipD of Legionella pneumophila.
Pssm-ID: 132846 Cd Length: 194 Bit Score: 37.64 E-value: 3.51e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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