2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
Protein Classification
2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase( domain architecture ID 10169507)
2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase is a zinc-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-butanediol to acetoin
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| butanediol_DH_like | cd08233 | (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent ... |
1-351 | 0e+00 | ||||||
(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-butanediol to acetoin. BDH functions as a homodimer. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit. : Pssm-ID: 176195 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 527.88 E-value: 0e+00
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| butanediol_DH_like | cd08233 | (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent ... |
1-351 | 0e+00 | ||||||
(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-butanediol to acetoin. BDH functions as a homodimer. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176195 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 527.88 E-value: 0e+00
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| Tdh | COG1063 | Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase [Amino acid transport and ... |
1-353 | 2.11e-138 | ||||||
Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase [Amino acid transport and metabolism, General function prediction only]; Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway Pssm-ID: 440683 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 396.82 E-value: 2.11e-138
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| keto_inos_dh_IolM | NF041097 | scyllo-inosose 3-dehydrogenase; |
12-352 | 3.85e-72 | ||||||
scyllo-inosose 3-dehydrogenase; Pssm-ID: 469023 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 385 Bit Score: 229.03 E-value: 3.85e-72
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| tdh | PRK05396 | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated |
15-337 | 1.51e-59 | ||||||
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated Pssm-ID: 180054 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 195.43 E-value: 1.51e-59
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| tdh | TIGR00692 | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; This protein is a tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme ... |
16-337 | 2.46e-55 | ||||||
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; This protein is a tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme of threonine catabolism. Closely related proteins include sorbitol dehydrogenase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Eukaryotic examples of this enzyme have been demonstrated experimentally but do not appear in database search results.E. coli His-90 modulates substrate specificity and is believed part of the active site. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines] Pssm-ID: 129775 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 340 Bit Score: 184.29 E-value: 2.46e-55
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| ADH_N | pfam08240 | Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain; This is the catalytic domain of alcohol ... |
25-142 | 3.48e-45 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain; This is the catalytic domain of alcohol dehydrogenases. Many of them contain an inserted zinc binding domain. This domain has a GroES-like structure. Pssm-ID: 400513 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 106 Bit Score: 150.45 E-value: 3.48e-45
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| PKS_ER | smart00829 | Enoylreductase; Enoylreductase in Polyketide synthases. |
65-315 | 8.16e-20 | ||||||
Enoylreductase; Enoylreductase in Polyketide synthases. Pssm-ID: 214840 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 88.21 E-value: 8.16e-20
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| butanediol_DH_like | cd08233 | (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent ... |
1-351 | 0e+00 | ||||||
(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-butanediol to acetoin. BDH functions as a homodimer. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176195 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 527.88 E-value: 0e+00
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| Tdh | COG1063 | Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase [Amino acid transport and ... |
1-353 | 2.11e-138 | ||||||
Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase [Amino acid transport and metabolism, General function prediction only]; Threonine dehydrogenase or related Zn-dependent dehydrogenase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway Pssm-ID: 440683 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 396.82 E-value: 2.11e-138
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| sugar_DH | cd08236 | NAD(P)-dependent sugar dehydrogenases; This group contains proteins identified as sorbitol ... |
1-350 | 3.25e-103 | ||||||
NAD(P)-dependent sugar dehydrogenases; This group contains proteins identified as sorbitol dehydrogenases and other sugar dehydrogenases of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), which includes zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and related proteins. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Related proteins include threonine dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and butanediol dehydrogenase. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is a dimeric enzyme and each subunit has two domains. The NAD binding domain is in a Rossmann fold and the catalytic domain contains a zinc ion to which substrates bind. There is a cleft between the domains that closes upon formation of the ternary complex. Pssm-ID: 176198 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 343 Bit Score: 307.23 E-value: 3.25e-103
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| iditol_2_DH_like | cd08235 | L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase; Putative L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase based on annotation of some ... |
1-351 | 1.13e-98 | ||||||
L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase; Putative L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase based on annotation of some members in this subgroup. L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase catalyzes the NAD+-dependent conversion of L-iditol to L-sorbose in fructose and mannose metabolism. This enzyme is related to sorbitol dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and other medium chain dehydrogenase/reductases. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn)-like family of proteins is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group is also called the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase family (MDR) to highlight its broad range of activities and to distinguish from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic domain. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176197 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 343 Bit Score: 295.66 E-value: 1.13e-98
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| Zn_ADH7 | cd08261 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group contains members identified as related to ... |
1-351 | 1.98e-96 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group contains members identified as related to zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members of the MDR family. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group includes various activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176222 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 337 Bit Score: 289.86 E-value: 1.98e-96
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| sorbitol_DH | cd05285 | Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the ... |
3-352 | 4.81e-95 | ||||||
Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit. Aldose reductase catalyzes the NADP(H)-dependent conversion of glucose to sorbital, and SDH uses NAD(H) in the conversion of sorbitol to fructose. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176188 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 343 Bit Score: 286.31 E-value: 4.81e-95
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| threonine_DH_like | cd08234 | L-threonine dehydrogenase; L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent ... |
1-351 | 1.74e-94 | ||||||
L-threonine dehydrogenase; L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine, via NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. THD is a member of the zinc-requiring, medium chain NAD(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR). MDRs have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Pssm-ID: 176196 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 334 Bit Score: 284.80 E-value: 1.74e-94
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| AdhP | COG1064 | D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family [Carbohydrate transport ... |
1-331 | 2.46e-83 | ||||||
D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 440684 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 256.19 E-value: 2.46e-83
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| Zn_ADH4 | cd08258 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group shares the zinc coordination sites of the ... |
1-312 | 1.82e-81 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group shares the zinc coordination sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of an beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176219 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 250.70 E-value: 1.82e-81
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| Zn_ADH2 | cd08256 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group has the characteristic catalytic and ... |
1-334 | 1.69e-80 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group has the characteristic catalytic and structural zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176218 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 350 Bit Score: 249.63 E-value: 1.69e-80
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| Zn_ADH8 | cd08262 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR) ... |
1-350 | 1.10e-78 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176223 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 244.52 E-value: 1.10e-78
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| MDR | cd05188 | Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
27-309 | 6.82e-78 | ||||||
Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; The medium chain reductase/dehydrogenases (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) , quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Other MDR members have only a catalytic zinc, and some contain no coordinated zinc. Pssm-ID: 176178 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 271 Bit Score: 240.30 E-value: 6.82e-78
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| Zn_ADH_class_III | cd08279 | Class III alcohol dehydrogenase; Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDHs, ... |
1-337 | 4.30e-73 | ||||||
Class III alcohol dehydrogenase; Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDHs, Class III ADH) are members of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. Class III ADH are also known as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which convert aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176240 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 363 Bit Score: 230.89 E-value: 4.30e-73
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| idonate-5-DH | cd08232 | L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase; L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (L-ido 5-DH ) catalyzes the conversion of ... |
9-331 | 5.23e-73 | ||||||
L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase; L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (L-ido 5-DH ) catalyzes the conversion of L-lodonate to 5-ketogluconate in the metabolism of L-Idonate to 6-P-gluconate. In E. coli, this GntII pathway is a subsidiary pathway to the canonical GntI system, which also phosphorylates and transports gluconate. L-ido 5-DH is found in an operon with a regulator indR, transporter idnT, 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase, and Gnt kinase. L-ido 5-DH is a zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein. The alcohol dehydrogenase ADH-like family of proteins is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group is also called the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase family (MDR) which displays a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases(~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic domain. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176194 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 339 Bit Score: 229.82 E-value: 5.23e-73
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| keto_inos_dh_IolM | NF041097 | scyllo-inosose 3-dehydrogenase; |
12-352 | 3.85e-72 | ||||||
scyllo-inosose 3-dehydrogenase; Pssm-ID: 469023 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 385 Bit Score: 229.03 E-value: 3.85e-72
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| FDH_like | cd05278 | Formaldehyde dehydrogenases; Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the ... |
1-352 | 3.94e-70 | ||||||
Formaldehyde dehydrogenases; Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (aka ADH3) may be the ancestral form of alcohol dehydrogenase, which evolved to detoxify formaldehyde. This CD contains glutathione dependant FDH, glutathione independent FDH, and related alcohol dehydrogenases. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is glutathione-independent. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176181 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 347 Bit Score: 222.92 E-value: 3.94e-70
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| TDH | cd05281 | Threonine dehydrogenase; L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent ... |
15-352 | 8.49e-67 | ||||||
Threonine dehydrogenase; L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via NAD(H)- dependent oxidation. THD is a member of the zinc-requiring, medium chain NAD(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR). MDRs have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria) and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose. Pssm-ID: 176184 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 214.02 E-value: 8.49e-67
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| FrmA | COG1062 | Zn-dependent alcohol/formaldehyde dehydrogenase [Energy production and conversion]; |
10-337 | 9.41e-67 | ||||||
Zn-dependent alcohol/formaldehyde dehydrogenase [Energy production and conversion]; Pssm-ID: 440682 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 355 Bit Score: 214.18 E-value: 9.41e-67
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| Zn_ADH3 | cd08265 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol ... |
11-350 | 2.03e-63 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and has the catalytic and structural zinc-binding sites characteristic of this group. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Other MDR members have only a catalytic zinc, and some contain no coordinated zinc. Pssm-ID: 176226 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 384 Bit Score: 206.60 E-value: 2.03e-63
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| Zn_ADH5 | cd08259 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major ... |
1-329 | 2.47e-61 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. This group contains proteins that share the characteristic catalytic and structural zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48), then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176220 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 199.47 E-value: 2.47e-61
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| hydroxyacyl_CoA_DH | cd08254 | 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase, N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase, ... |
1-352 | 7.05e-61 | ||||||
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase, N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase, and other MDR family members; This group contains enzymes of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family, including members (aka MDR) identified as 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase and N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase. 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA and NAD+ to 6-Ketoxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA,NADH, and H+. This group displays the characteristic catalytic and structural zinc sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176216 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 338 Bit Score: 198.62 E-value: 7.05e-61
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| Zn_ADH10 | cd08263 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major ... |
1-331 | 3.66e-60 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176224 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 197.59 E-value: 3.66e-60
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| tdh | PRK05396 | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated |
15-337 | 1.51e-59 | ||||||
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated Pssm-ID: 180054 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 195.43 E-value: 1.51e-59
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| arabinose_DH_like | cd05284 | D-arabinose dehydrogenase; This group contains arabinose dehydrogenase (AraDH) and related ... |
1-331 | 8.58e-59 | ||||||
D-arabinose dehydrogenase; This group contains arabinose dehydrogenase (AraDH) and related alcohol dehydrogenases. AraDH is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and catalyzes the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of D-arabinose and other pentoses, the initial step in the metabolism of d-arabinose into 2-oxoglutarate. Like the alcohol dehydrogenases, AraDH binds a zinc in the catalytic cleft as well as a distal structural zinc. AraDH forms homotetramers as a dimer of dimers. AraDH replaces a conserved catalytic His with replace with Arg, compared to the canonical ADH site. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176187 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 340 Bit Score: 193.16 E-value: 8.58e-59
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| FDH_like_2 | cd08284 | Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase related proteins, child 2; ... |
1-352 | 1.76e-57 | ||||||
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase related proteins, child 2; Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDHs) are members of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD to formate and NADH. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. These tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176244 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 344 Bit Score: 190.16 E-value: 1.76e-57
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| MDR_like | cd08242 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
1-352 | 1.38e-56 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group contains members identified as related to zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members of the MDR family, including threonine dehydrogenase. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group includes various activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176204 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 187.07 E-value: 1.38e-56
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| MDR_TM0436_like | cd08231 | Hypothetical enzyme TM0436 resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH); This ... |
2-352 | 2.39e-56 | ||||||
Hypothetical enzyme TM0436 resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH); This group contains the hypothetical TM0436 alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima, proteins annotated as 5-exo-alcohol dehydrogenase, and other members of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family. MDR, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176193 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 361 Bit Score: 187.47 E-value: 2.39e-56
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| THR_DH_like | cd08239 | L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH)-like; MDR/AHD-like proteins, including a protein annotated as ... |
1-331 | 9.88e-56 | ||||||
L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH)-like; MDR/AHD-like proteins, including a protein annotated as a threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Zinc-dependent ADHs are medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase type proteins (MDRs) and have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. In addition to alcohol dehydrogenases, this group includes quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 339 Bit Score: 185.22 E-value: 9.88e-56
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| tdh | TIGR00692 | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; This protein is a tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme ... |
16-337 | 2.46e-55 | ||||||
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; This protein is a tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme of threonine catabolism. Closely related proteins include sorbitol dehydrogenase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Eukaryotic examples of this enzyme have been demonstrated experimentally but do not appear in database search results.E. coli His-90 modulates substrate specificity and is believed part of the active site. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines] Pssm-ID: 129775 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 340 Bit Score: 184.29 E-value: 2.46e-55
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| CAD3 | cd08297 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); These alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the ... |
1-329 | 1.93e-53 | ||||||
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); These alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176257 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 179.27 E-value: 1.93e-53
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| Zn_ADH6 | cd08260 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major ... |
1-332 | 8.13e-53 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. This group has the characteristic catalytic and structural zinc sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176221 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 345 Bit Score: 177.79 E-value: 8.13e-53
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| FDH_like_1 | cd08283 | Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase related proteins, child 1; Members identified ... |
1-331 | 8.21e-53 | ||||||
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase related proteins, child 1; Members identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176243 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 178.88 E-value: 8.21e-53
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| PLN02702 | PLN02702 | L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase |
2-334 | 2.68e-51 | ||||||
L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase Pssm-ID: 215378 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 364 Bit Score: 174.58 E-value: 2.68e-51
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| Zn_ADH_like1 | cd08266 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group contains proteins related to the ... |
1-352 | 1.06e-50 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group contains proteins related to the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. However, while the group has structural zinc site characteristic of these enzymes, it lacks the consensus site for a catalytic zinc. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176227 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 342 Bit Score: 172.44 E-value: 1.06e-50
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| Zn_ADH9 | cd08269 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR) ... |
11-351 | 1.66e-50 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176230 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 312 Bit Score: 171.00 E-value: 1.66e-50
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| Qor | COG0604 | NADPH:quinone reductase or related Zn-dependent oxidoreductase [Energy production and ... |
1-353 | 3.48e-48 | ||||||
NADPH:quinone reductase or related Zn-dependent oxidoreductase [Energy production and conversion, General function prediction only]; Pssm-ID: 440369 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 164.94 E-value: 3.48e-48
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| PRK10083 | PRK10083 | putative oxidoreductase; Provisional |
1-235 | 5.56e-48 | ||||||
putative oxidoreductase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 182229 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 339 Bit Score: 165.30 E-value: 5.56e-48
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| FDH_like_ADH3 | cd08287 | formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like; This group contains proteins identified as alcohol ... |
1-352 | 5.33e-46 | ||||||
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like; This group contains proteins identified as alcohol dehydrogenases and glutathione-dependant formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDH) of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. The MDR family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD to formate and NADH. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176247 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 345 Bit Score: 160.17 E-value: 5.33e-46
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| liver_ADH_like1 | cd08281 | Zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) and class III ADG (AKA formaldehyde dehydrogenase); ... |
1-346 | 2.10e-45 | ||||||
Zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) and class III ADG (AKA formaldehyde dehydrogenase); NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. This group contains members identified as zinc dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), and class III ADG (aka formaldehyde dehydrogenase, FDH). Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. Class III ADH are also know as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which convert aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176241 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 159.08 E-value: 2.10e-45
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| ADH_N | pfam08240 | Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain; This is the catalytic domain of alcohol ... |
25-142 | 3.48e-45 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain; This is the catalytic domain of alcohol dehydrogenases. Many of them contain an inserted zinc binding domain. This domain has a GroES-like structure. Pssm-ID: 400513 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 106 Bit Score: 150.45 E-value: 3.48e-45
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| Zn_ADH1 | cd05279 | Liver alcohol dehydrogenase and related zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases; NAD(P)(H) ... |
3-351 | 4.13e-43 | ||||||
Liver alcohol dehydrogenase and related zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7 classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans. Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial form and exists in diverse species, including plants, micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C (formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits have high overall structural similarity, but differ in the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48), then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176182 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 365 Bit Score: 152.98 E-value: 4.13e-43
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| 6_hydroxyhexanoate_dh_like | cd08240 | 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase; 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the ... |
16-315 | 1.23e-42 | ||||||
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase; 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family of medium chain dehydrogenases/reductases catalyzes the conversion of 6-hydroxyhexanoate and NAD(+) to 6-oxohexanoate + NADH and H+. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176202 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 350 Bit Score: 151.23 E-value: 1.23e-42
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| PRK10309 | PRK10309 | galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase; |
1-250 | 2.45e-42 | ||||||
galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase; Pssm-ID: 182371 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 347 Bit Score: 150.37 E-value: 2.45e-42
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| NADP_ADH | cd08285 | NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases; This group is predominated by atypical alcohol ... |
1-331 | 1.73e-41 | ||||||
NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases; This group is predominated by atypical alcohol dehydrogenases; they exist as tetramers and exhibit specificity for NADP(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Like other zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), tetrameric ADHs have a catalytic zinc that resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains; however, they do not have and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176245 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 148.16 E-value: 1.73e-41
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| Zn_ADH_like2 | cd08264 | Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol ... |
1-332 | 5.68e-41 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family; This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases of the medium chain dehydrogenase family. However, this subgroup does not contain the characteristic catalytic zinc site. Also, it contains an atypical structural zinc-binding pattern: DxxCxxCxxxxxxxC. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176225 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 146.34 E-value: 5.68e-41
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| PRK13771 | PRK13771 | putative alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional |
1-353 | 1.80e-40 | ||||||
putative alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 184316 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 334 Bit Score: 145.18 E-value: 1.80e-40
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| FDH_like_ADH2 | cd08286 | formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like; This group is related to formaldehyde dehydrogenase ... |
1-351 | 5.32e-40 | ||||||
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like; This group is related to formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. This family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Another member is identified as a dihydroxyacetone reductase. Like the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. Unlike ADH, where NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor, NADH in FDH is a tightly bound redox cofactor (similar to nicotinamide proteins). The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176246 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 345 Bit Score: 144.32 E-value: 5.32e-40
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| QOR1 | cd08241 | Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a ... |
1-270 | 7.84e-40 | ||||||
Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts in the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176203 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 143.02 E-value: 7.84e-40
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| CAD | cd08245 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) and related proteins; Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases ... |
13-331 | 2.88e-39 | ||||||
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) and related proteins; Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes, or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176207 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 330 Bit Score: 142.07 E-value: 2.88e-39
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| PRK09880 | PRK09880 | L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase; Provisional |
9-314 | 4.83e-39 | ||||||
L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 182130 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 343 Bit Score: 141.75 E-value: 4.83e-39
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| CAD2 | cd08298 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); These alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the ... |
1-316 | 3.72e-38 | ||||||
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); These alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176258 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 138.86 E-value: 3.72e-38
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| benzyl_alcohol_DH | cd08278 | Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase; Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase is similar to liver alcohol ... |
2-329 | 4.99e-38 | ||||||
Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase; Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase is similar to liver alcohol dehydrogenase, but has some amino acid substitutions near the active site, which may determine the enzyme's specificity of oxidizing aromatic substrates. Also known as aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases, they catalyze the conversion of an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ to an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176239 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 365 Bit Score: 139.56 E-value: 4.99e-38
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| CAD1 | cd05283 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the ... |
16-296 | 2.76e-37 | ||||||
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176186 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 337 Bit Score: 136.86 E-value: 2.76e-37
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| 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl_bacteriochlorophyllide_ | cd08255 | 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide and other MDR family members; This subgroup ... |
64-331 | 1.22e-36 | ||||||
2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide and other MDR family members; This subgroup of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family has members identified as 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide A dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176217 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 133.55 E-value: 1.22e-36
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| CAD_like | cd08296 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the ... |
1-296 | 5.83e-35 | ||||||
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD); Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHs), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176256 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 333 Bit Score: 130.44 E-value: 5.83e-35
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| liver_alcohol_DH_like | cd08277 | Liver alcohol dehydrogenase; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the ... |
3-351 | 1.18e-34 | ||||||
Liver alcohol dehydrogenase; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7 classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans. Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial form and exists in diverse species, including plants, micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C (formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits have high overall structural similarity, but differ in the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 365 Bit Score: 130.54 E-value: 1.18e-34
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| PFDH_like | cd08282 | Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating formaldehyde dehydrogenase (PFDH); Formaldehyde ... |
3-250 | 1.38e-33 | ||||||
Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating formaldehyde dehydrogenase (PFDH); Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is glutathione-independent. PFDH converts 2 molecules of aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol. MDH family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Like the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. Unlike ADH, where NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor, NADH in FDH is a tightly bound redox cofactor (similar to nicotinamide proteins). The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176242 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 127.71 E-value: 1.38e-33
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| alcohol_DH_class_III | cd08300 | class III alcohol dehydrogenases; Members identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde ... |
2-337 | 1.47e-32 | ||||||
class III alcohol dehydrogenases; Members identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the zinc dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176260 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 368 Bit Score: 124.65 E-value: 1.47e-32
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| MDR2 | cd08268 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
13-352 | 6.31e-32 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176229 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 328 Bit Score: 122.32 E-value: 6.31e-32
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| QOR2 | cd05286 | Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR) and 2-haloacrylate reductase. QOR ... |
13-269 | 8.03e-32 | ||||||
Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR) and 2-haloacrylate reductase. QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. 2-haloacrylate reductase, a member of this subgroup, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in organohalogen compounds. Although similar to QOR, Burkholderia 2-haloacrylate reductase does not act on the quinones 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176189 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 320 Bit Score: 121.78 E-value: 8.03e-32
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| p53_inducible_oxidoreductase | cd05276 | PIG3 p53-inducible quinone oxidoreductase; PIG3 p53-inducible quinone oxidoreductase, a medium ... |
13-270 | 9.83e-32 | ||||||
PIG3 p53-inducible quinone oxidoreductase; PIG3 p53-inducible quinone oxidoreductase, a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member, acts in the apoptotic pathway. PIG3 reduces ortho-quinones, but its apoptotic activity has been attributed to oxidative stress generation, since overexpression of PIG3 accumulates reactive oxygen species. PIG3 resembles the MDR family member quinone reductases, which catalyze the reduction of quinone to hydroxyquinone. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176180 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 121.39 E-value: 9.83e-32
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| ADH_zinc_N | pfam00107 | Zinc-binding dehydrogenase; |
183-311 | 2.24e-31 | ||||||
Zinc-binding dehydrogenase; Pssm-ID: 395057 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 129 Bit Score: 115.01 E-value: 2.24e-31
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| zeta_crystallin | cd08253 | Zeta-crystallin with NADP-dependent quinone reductase activity (QOR); Zeta-crystallin is a eye ... |
1-331 | 3.52e-31 | ||||||
Zeta-crystallin with NADP-dependent quinone reductase activity (QOR); Zeta-crystallin is a eye lens protein with NADP-dependent quinone reductase activity (QOR). It has been cited as a structural component in mammalian eyes, but also has homology to quinone reductases in unrelated species. QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts in the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176215 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 120.00 E-value: 3.52e-31
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| MDR_like_2 | cd05289 | alcohol dehydrogenase and quinone reductase-like medium chain degydrogenases/reductases; ... |
1-331 | 1.03e-30 | ||||||
alcohol dehydrogenase and quinone reductase-like medium chain degydrogenases/reductases; Members identified as zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases and quinone oxidoreductase. QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176191 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 309 Bit Score: 118.43 E-value: 1.03e-30
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| glucose_DH | cd08230 | Glucose dehydrogenase; Glucose dehydrogenase (GlcDH), a member of the medium chain ... |
1-295 | 2.08e-30 | ||||||
Glucose dehydrogenase; Glucose dehydrogenase (GlcDH), a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of glucose to gluconate, the first step in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, an alternative to or substitute for glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossman fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176192 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 355 Bit Score: 118.86 E-value: 2.08e-30
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| alcohol_DH_class_I_II_IV | cd08299 | class I, II, IV alcohol dehydrogenases; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major ... |
2-334 | 7.91e-30 | ||||||
class I, II, IV alcohol dehydrogenases; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. This group includes alcohol dehydrogenases corresponding to mammalian classes I, II, IV. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176259 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 117.41 E-value: 7.91e-30
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| enoyl_reductase_like | cd08249 | enoyl_reductase_like; Member identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR family. 2-enoyl ... |
1-352 | 1.15e-29 | ||||||
enoyl_reductase_like; Member identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers with each subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic domain. Pssm-ID: 176211 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 339 Bit Score: 116.53 E-value: 1.15e-29
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| MDR5 | cd08271 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
1-351 | 9.98e-29 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176232 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 113.52 E-value: 9.98e-29
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| ETR_like | cd05282 | 2-enoyl thioester reductase-like; 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the ... |
12-329 | 8.17e-27 | ||||||
2-enoyl thioester reductase-like; 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers with each subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic domain. Pssm-ID: 176645 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 108.13 E-value: 8.17e-27
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| MDR1 | cd08267 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
13-331 | 1.23e-26 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176228 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 107.69 E-value: 1.23e-26
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| quinone_pig3 | TIGR02824 | putative NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase, PIG3 family; Members of this family are putative ... |
12-270 | 3.37e-26 | ||||||
putative NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase, PIG3 family; Members of this family are putative quinone oxidoreductases that belong to the broader superfamily (modeled by Pfam pfam00107) of zinc-dependent alcohol (of medium chain length) dehydrogenases and quinone oxiooreductases. The alignment shows no motif of conserved Cys residues as are found in zinc-binding members of the superfamily, and members are likely to be quinone oxidoreductases instead. A member of this family in Homo sapiens, PIG3, is induced by p53 but is otherwise uncharacterized. [Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown specificity] Pssm-ID: 274316 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 106.58 E-value: 3.37e-26
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| enoyl_red | cd05195 | enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase; Putative enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase. ... |
25-315 | 4.97e-26 | ||||||
enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase; Putative enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase. Polyketide synthases produce polyketides in step by step mechanism that is similar to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl reductase reduces a double to single bond. Erythromycin is one example of a polyketide generated by 3 complex enzymes (megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176179 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 105.34 E-value: 4.97e-26
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| alcohol_DH_plants | cd08301 | Plant alcohol dehydrogenase; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the ... |
2-329 | 8.55e-25 | ||||||
Plant alcohol dehydrogenase; NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7 classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans. Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial form and exists in diverse species, including plants, micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C (formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits have high overall structural similarity, but differ in the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176261 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 369 Bit Score: 103.53 E-value: 8.55e-25
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| MDR6 | cd08272 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
1-277 | 1.45e-24 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176233 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 326 Bit Score: 102.25 E-value: 1.45e-24
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| PLN02514 | PLN02514 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
27-295 | 2.27e-24 | ||||||
cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase Pssm-ID: 166155 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 357 Bit Score: 102.18 E-value: 2.27e-24
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| MDR7 | cd08276 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
61-267 | 1.11e-23 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176237 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 336 Bit Score: 99.92 E-value: 1.11e-23
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| PRK09422 | PRK09422 | ethanol-active dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase; Provisional |
1-296 | 1.37e-23 | ||||||
ethanol-active dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 181842 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 338 Bit Score: 99.72 E-value: 1.37e-23
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| PLN02827 | PLN02827 | Alcohol dehydrogenase-like |
3-329 | 1.94e-22 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenase-like Pssm-ID: 215442 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 378 Bit Score: 96.90 E-value: 1.94e-22
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| sorbose_phosphate_red | cd08238 | L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase; L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase, a member of the MDR family, ... |
2-246 | 8.02e-21 | ||||||
L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase; L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase, a member of the MDR family, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of l-sorbose 1-phosphate to d-glucitol 6-phosphate in the metabolism of L-sorbose to (also converts d-fructose 1-phosphate to d-mannitol 6-phosphate). The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of an beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176200 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 410 Bit Score: 92.89 E-value: 8.02e-21
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| MDR3 | cd08275 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
7-270 | 1.67e-20 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176236 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 337 Bit Score: 90.72 E-value: 1.67e-20
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| PKS_ER | smart00829 | Enoylreductase; Enoylreductase in Polyketide synthases. |
65-315 | 8.16e-20 | ||||||
Enoylreductase; Enoylreductase in Polyketide synthases. Pssm-ID: 214840 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 88.21 E-value: 8.16e-20
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| MDR_enoyl_red | cd08244 | Possible enoyl reductase; Member identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR family. ... |
13-254 | 1.67e-19 | ||||||
Possible enoyl reductase; Member identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic domain. Pssm-ID: 176206 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 87.81 E-value: 1.67e-19
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| MDR9 | cd08274 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
14-352 | 1.56e-18 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176235 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 350 Bit Score: 85.43 E-value: 1.56e-18
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| PLN02740 | PLN02740 | Alcohol dehydrogenase-like |
3-250 | 4.01e-16 | ||||||
Alcohol dehydrogenase-like Pssm-ID: 178341 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 381 Bit Score: 78.69 E-value: 4.01e-16
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| PLN02586 | PLN02586 | probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase |
27-295 | 5.52e-16 | ||||||
probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase Pssm-ID: 166227 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 360 Bit Score: 78.00 E-value: 5.52e-16
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| quinone_oxidoreductase_like_1 | cd08243 | Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the ... |
1-252 | 1.27e-15 | ||||||
Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR); NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Pssm-ID: 176205 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 320 Bit Score: 76.49 E-value: 1.27e-15
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| MDR8 | cd08273 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
8-269 | 1.83e-15 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176234 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 331 Bit Score: 76.15 E-value: 1.83e-15
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| RTN4I1 | cd08248 | Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1; Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1 is a member ... |
65-250 | 2.82e-15 | ||||||
Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1; Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1 is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (MDR) family. Riticulons are endoplasmic reticulum associated proteins involved in membrane trafficking and neuroendocrine secretion. The MDR/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. Pssm-ID: 176210 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 350 Bit Score: 75.72 E-value: 2.82e-15
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| crotonyl_coA_red | cd08246 | crotonyl-CoA reductase; Crotonyl-CoA reductase, a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase ... |
13-329 | 2.06e-14 | ||||||
crotonyl-CoA reductase; Crotonyl-CoA reductase, a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA, a step in (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA production for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Like enoyl reductase, another enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, crotonyl-CoA reductase is a member of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. Pssm-ID: 176208 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 393 Bit Score: 73.60 E-value: 2.06e-14
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| PTZ00354 | PTZ00354 | alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional |
16-270 | 2.09e-14 | ||||||
alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 173547 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 334 Bit Score: 73.14 E-value: 2.09e-14
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| PLN02178 | PLN02178 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
24-295 | 2.64e-14 | ||||||
cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase Pssm-ID: 177834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 73.13 E-value: 2.64e-14
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| polyketide_synthase | cd08251 | polyketide synthase; Polyketide synthases produce polyketides in step by step mechanism that ... |
65-262 | 4.32e-13 | ||||||
polyketide synthase; Polyketide synthases produce polyketides in step by step mechanism that is similar to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl reductase reduces a double to single bond. Erythromycin is one example of a polyketide generated by 3 complex enzymes (megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Pssm-ID: 176213 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 303 Bit Score: 68.99 E-value: 4.32e-13
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| ETR_like_1 | cd08291 | 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins, child 1; 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) ... |
1-294 | 1.51e-12 | ||||||
2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins, child 1; 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic domain. Pssm-ID: 176251 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 67.63 E-value: 1.51e-12
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| Mgc45594_like | cd08250 | Mgc45594 gene product and other MDR family members; Includes Human Mgc45594 gene product of ... |
12-282 | 2.46e-12 | ||||||
Mgc45594 gene product and other MDR family members; Includes Human Mgc45594 gene product of undetermined function. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. Pssm-ID: 176212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 66.90 E-value: 2.46e-12
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| PRK10754 | PRK10754 | NADPH:quinone reductase; |
65-269 | 9.30e-12 | ||||||
NADPH:quinone reductase; Pssm-ID: 182701 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 327 Bit Score: 65.14 E-value: 9.30e-12
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| AST1_like | cd08247 | AST1 is a cytoplasmic protein associated with the periplasmic membrane in yeast; This group ... |
48-238 | 2.02e-10 | ||||||
AST1 is a cytoplasmic protein associated with the periplasmic membrane in yeast; This group contains members identified in targeting of yeast membrane proteins ATPase. AST1 is a cytoplasmic protein associated with the periplasmic membrane in yeast, identified as a multicopy suppressor of pma1 mutants which cause temperature sensitive growth arrest due to the inability of ATPase to target to the cell surface. This family is homologous to the medium chain family of dehydrogenases and reductases. Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of an beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. Pssm-ID: 176209 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 352 Bit Score: 61.52 E-value: 2.02e-10
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| MDR_yhdh_yhfp | cd05280 | Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone oxidoreductases; Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone ... |
1-273 | 8.54e-10 | ||||||
Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone oxidoreductases; Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone oxidoreductases (QOR). QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176183 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 59.09 E-value: 8.54e-10
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| ETR | cd08290 | 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR); 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the ... |
4-244 | 1.41e-08 | ||||||
2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR); 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic domain. Pssm-ID: 176250 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 55.69 E-value: 1.41e-08
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| ribitol-5-phosphate_DH | cd08237 | ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase; NAD-linked ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase, a member of ... |
15-275 | 5.32e-07 | ||||||
ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase; NAD-linked ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase, a member of the MDR/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, oxidizes the phosphate ester of ribitol-5-phosphate to xylulose-5-phosphate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. Pssm-ID: 176199 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 341 Bit Score: 50.82 E-value: 5.32e-07
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| Glu_dehyd_C | pfam16912 | Glucose dehydrogenase C-terminus; |
174-334 | 2.03e-05 | ||||||
Glucose dehydrogenase C-terminus; Pssm-ID: 407146 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 45.01 E-value: 2.03e-05
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| MDR4 | cd08270 | Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; ... |
124-321 | 3.65e-05 | ||||||
Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family; This group is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines. Pssm-ID: 176231 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 305 Bit Score: 45.06 E-value: 3.65e-05
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| AL_MDR | cd08252 | Arginate lyase and other MDR family members; This group contains a structure identified as an ... |
64-273 | 7.14e-05 | ||||||
Arginate lyase and other MDR family members; This group contains a structure identified as an arginate lyase. Other members are identified quinone reductases, alginate lyases, and other proteins related to the zinc-dependent dehydrogenases/reductases. QOR catalyzes the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts in the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction. Pssm-ID: 176214 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 336 Bit Score: 44.05 E-value: 7.14e-05
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| PGDH | cd05288 | Prostaglandin dehydrogenases; Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are metabolized by the ... |
165-322 | 5.57e-04 | ||||||
Prostaglandin dehydrogenases; Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are metabolized by the oxidation of the 15(S)-hydroxyl group of the NAD+-dependent (type I 15-PGDH) 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) followed by reduction by NADPH/NADH-dependent (type II 15-PGDH) delta-13 15-prostaglandin reductase (13-PGR) to 15-keto-13,14,-dihydroprostaglandins. 13-PGR is a bifunctional enzyme, since it also has leukotriene B(4) 12-hydroxydehydrogenase activity. These 15-PGDH and related enzymes are members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. Pssm-ID: 176190 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 41.31 E-value: 5.57e-04
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| KR_fFAS_SDR_c_like | cd08950 | ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fungal-type fatty acid synthase (fFAS), classical (c)-like ... |
173-222 | 2.59e-03 | ||||||
ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fungal-type fatty acid synthase (fFAS), classical (c)-like SDRs; KR domain of fungal-type fatty acid synthase (FAS), type I. Fungal-type FAS is a heterododecameric FAS composed of alpha and beta multifunctional polypeptide chains. The KR, an SDR family member, is located centrally in the alpha chain. KR catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of ketoacyl-ACP to hydroxyacyl-ACP. KR shares the critical active site Tyr of the Classical SDR and has partial identity of the active site tetrad, but the upstream Asn is replaced in KR by Met. As in other SDRs, there is a glycine rich NAD-binding motif, but the pattern found in KR does not match the classical SDRs, and is not strictly conserved within this group. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction. Pssm-ID: 187653 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 39.10 E-value: 2.59e-03
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| NAD_bind_Glutamyl_tRNA_reduct | cd05213 | NADP-binding domain of glutamyl-tRNA reductase; Glutamyl-tRNA reductase catalyzes the ... |
166-252 | 5.11e-03 | ||||||
NADP-binding domain of glutamyl-tRNA reductase; Glutamyl-tRNA reductase catalyzes the conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutamate-1-semialdehyde, initiating the synthesis of tetrapyrrole. Whereas tRNAs are generally associated with peptide bond formation in protein translation, here the tRNA activates glutamate in the initiation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in archaea, plants and many bacteria. In the first step, activated glutamate is reduced to glutamate-1-semi-aldehyde via the NADPH dependent glutamyl-tRNA reductase. Glutamyl-tRNA reductase forms a V-shaped dimer. Each monomer has 3 domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain, a classic nucleotide binding domain, and a C-terminal dimerization domain. Although the representative structure 1GPJ lacks a bound NADPH, a theoretical binding pocket has been described. (PMID 11172694). Amino acid dehydrogenase (DH)-like NAD(P)-binding domains are members of the Rossmann fold superfamily and include glutamate, leucine, and phenylalanine DHs, methylene tetrahydrofolate DH, methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin DH, methylene-tetrahydropholate DH/cyclohydrolase, Shikimate DH-like proteins, malate oxidoreductases, and glutamyl tRNA reductase. Amino acid DHs catalyze the deamination of amino acids to keto acids with NAD(P)+ as a cofactor. The NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily includes a wide variety of protein families including NAD(P)- binding domains of alcohol DHs, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate DH, lactate/malate DHs, formate/glycerate DHs, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate DH, amino acid DHs, repressor rex, NAD-binding potassium channel domain, CoA-binding, and ornithine cyclodeaminase-like domains. These domains have an alpha-beta-alpha configuration. NAD binding involves numerous hydrogen and van der Waals contacts. Pssm-ID: 133452 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 311 Bit Score: 38.40 E-value: 5.11e-03
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