chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma (also known as HP1gamma, Cbx3, and Chromobox 3), and related proteins. HP1gamma is a highly conserved non-histone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family, and is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. In addition to being involved in transcriptional silencing in heterochromatin-like complexes, HP1gamma also binds lamin B receptor, an integral membrane protein found in the inner nuclear membrane. The dual binding functions of the protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. HP1gamma is also recruited to sites of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and double-strand breaks. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18652   1 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 50

Chromo shadow domain; This domain is distantly related to pfam00385. This domain is always found in association with a chromo domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20544151   123 PERIIGATDSSGELMFLMKWKDSDEADLVLAKEANMKCPQIVIAFYEERLTW 174
Cdd:pfam01393   1 PEKIIGATDTRGELMFLMKWKNGEEADLVPSKEANQKCPQKVIKFYEERLTW 52

Chromo Shadow Domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20544151    115 RGFARGLDPERIIGATDSSGELMFLMKWKDsDEADLVLAKEANMKCPQIVIAFYEERLTWHS 176
Cdd:smart00300   1 KGFERGKSWEDIVGATKDDGELTFLIKWKD-DAASLVPSKEANVKCPQMVIRFYEEHLTFQS 61

Chromatin organization modifier domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 20544151     29 EFVVEKVLDRRVV-NGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLD-CPELIEAFLNSQK 81
Cdd:smart00298   1 EYEVEKILDHRWKkKGELEYLVKWKGYSYSEDTWEPEENLLnCSKKLDNYKKKER 55

chromo shadow domain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog beta; heterochromatin protein 1 homolog beta (also known as HP1beta, Cbx1, chromobox 1) is a highly conserved non-histone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family, and is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. HP1beta has a single N-terminal chromodomain which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. HP1beta may play an important role in the epigenetic control of chromatin structure and gene expression. CSD domains have only been found in proteins that also possess a related chromodomain, while chromodomains can exist in isolation. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. The HP1 CSD, in addition to interacting with various proteins bearing the PXVXL motif, also interacts with a region of histone H3 that bears the similar PXXVXL motif. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta, and HP1gamma (also known as Cbx3). The CSD domains of all three human HP1 homologs have similar affinities to the PXXVXL motif of histone H3

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 20544151 116 GFARGLDPERIIGATDSSGELMFLMKWKDSDEADLVLAKEANMKCPQIVIAFYEERLT 173
Cdd:cd18654   1 GFARGLEPERIIGATDSSGELMFLMKWKNSDEADLVPAKEANVKCPQVVISFYEERLT 58

chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma (also known as HP1gamma, Cbx3, and Chromobox 3), and related proteins. HP1gamma is a highly conserved non-histone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family, and is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. In addition to being involved in transcriptional silencing in heterochromatin-like complexes, HP1gamma also binds lamin B receptor, an integral membrane protein found in the inner nuclear membrane. The dual binding functions of the protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. HP1gamma is also recruited to sites of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and double-strand breaks. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18652   1 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 50

chromo shadow domain; The chromo shadow domain (CSD) is always found in association with a related N-terminal chromo (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain. CSD domains have only been found in proteins that also possess a chromodomain, while chromodomains can exist in isolation. CSDs are found for example in Drosophila and human heterochromatin protein (HP1) and mammalian modifier 1 and modifier 2. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. The HP1 CSD, in addition to interacting with various proteins bearing the PXVXL motif, also interacts with a region of histone H3 that bears the similar PXXVXL motif. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma (also known as Cbx3). The CSD domains of all three human HP1 homologs have similar affinities to the PXXVXL motif of histone H3.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20544151 121 LDPERIIGATDSSGELMFLMKWKDSDEADLVLAKEANMKCPQIVIAFYEERL 172
Cdd:cd00034   1 LEVEKILGATDSDGELMFLIKWKGSDEADLVPAKEANEKCPQIVIQFYESRL 52

chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 proteins, including HP1alpha, HP1beta, and HP1gamma; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of mammalian HP1alpha (Cbx5), HP1beta (Cbx1), HP1gamma (Cbx5), and similar proteins. HP1 has diverse functions in heterochromatin formation and impacts both gene expression and gene silencing. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma (also known as Cbx3).

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18631   1 EYVVEKVLDRRVVKGKVEYLLKWKGYPDEDNTWEPEENLDCPDLIAEFEE 50

chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog alpha; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of heterochromatin protein 1 homolog alpha (also known as HP1alpha, Cbx5, and Chromobox 5), and related proteins. HP1alpha has diverse functions in heterochromatin formation, gene regulation, and mitotic progression, and forms complex networks of gene, RNA, and protein interactions. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha, HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma (also known as Cbx3).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFL 77
Cdd:cd18651   1 EYVVEKVLDRRVVKGQVEYLLKWKGFSEEHNTWEPEKNLDCPELISEFM 49

CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domains and chromo shadow domains; Members of this group are chromodomains or chromo shadow domains; these are SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains of the chromo-like superfamily. Chromodomains lack the first strand of the SH3-fold-beta-barrel, this first strand is altered by insertion in the chromo shadow domains. The chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. Chromodomain-containing proteins include: i) those having an N-terminal chromodomain followed by a related chromo shadow domain, such as Drosophila and human heterochromatin protein Su(var)205 (HP1), and mammalian modifier 1 and 2; ii) those having a single chromodomain, such as Drosophila protein Polycomb (Pc), mammalian modifier 3, human Mi-2 autoantigen, and several yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins of unknown function; iii) those having paired tandem chromodomains, such as mammalian DNA-binding/helicase proteins CHD-1 to CHD-4 and yeast protein CHD1; (iv) and elongation factor eEF3, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins, that serves an essential function in the translation cycle of fungi. eEF3 is a soluble factor lacking a transmembrane domain and having two ABC domains arranged in tandem, with a unique chromodomain inserted within the ABC2 domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAFL 77
Cdd:cd00024   1 YEVEKILDHRVRKGKLEYLVKWKGYPPEENTWEPEENLtNAPELIKEYE 49

Chromo (CHRromatin organization MOdifier) domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20544151    30 FVVEKVLDRRVV-NGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAFLNS 79
Cdd:pfam00385   1 YEVERILDHRKDkGGKEEYLVKWKGYPYDENTWEPEENLsKCPELIEEFKDR 52

chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 proteins, including HP1alpha, HP1beta, and HP1gamma; uncharacterized subgroup; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of mammalian HP1alpha (Cbx5), HP1beta (Cbx1), HP1gamma (Cbx5), and similar proteins. HP1 has diverse functions in heterochromatin formation and impacts both gene expression and gene silencing. HP1 has two conserved protein-protein interaction domains, a single N-terminal chromodomain (CD) which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a related C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins; a flexible hinge region separates the CD and CSD and may bind nucleic acid. HP1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein that is evolutionarily conserved from fission yeast to plants and animals. There are three human homologs of HP1 proteins: HP1alpha (also known as Cbx5), HP1beta (also known as Cbx1), and HP1gamma (also known as Cbx3).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVV-NGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18960   2 FVVERILDKRLGrNGGEEFLIKWQGFPESDSSWEPRENLQCDEMLEEF 49

chromodomain of uncharacterized putative retroelement polyprotein proteins; This subgroup includes the CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain found in uncharacterized putative retrotransposon proteins, and similar proteins. The chromodomain, is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLD--CPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18976   1 YIVESLLDRRKVRGQVQYLVKWRGFPRSEATWEPREELMrrCAELVAAY 49

chromodomain of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1, and similar proteins; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of human SUV39H1, a histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) which catalyzes di- and tri-methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2/3), leading to heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. H3K9me2/3 represents a specific mark for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 (CBX1, CBX3, and/or CBX5) proteins to methylated histones. SUV39H1 mainly functions in heterochromatin regions. The human SUV39H1/2, histone H3K9 methyltransferases, are the mammalian homologs of Drosophila Su(var)3-9 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Clr4. SUV39H1 contains a chromodomain at its N-terminus and a SET domain at its C-terminus. Although the SET domain performs the catalytic activity, the chromodomain of SUV39H1 is essential for the catalytic activity of SUV39H1. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18639   1 YEVEYLCDYKKIREQEYYLVKWKGYPDSENTWEPRQNLKCSRLLKQFHK 49

chromodomain of a putative Coemansia reversa NRRL 1564 methyltransferase, and similar proteins; This subgroup includes the CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain found in a Coemansia reversa NRRL 1564 SET (Su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax) domain-containing protein, and similar proteins. The SU(VAR)3-9 protein is the main chromocenter-specific histone H3-K9 methyltransferase (HMTase) in Drosophila where it plays a role in heterochromatic gene silencing. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18962   3 HYVVEAIVNDVLIDGKHMYEVKWEGYPSDHNNWVAEWDLNDKEILRKY 50

chromodomain of Drosophila melanogaster Rhino, and similar proteins; N-terminal CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of Drosophila melanogaster Rhino (also known as heterochromatin protein 1-like), and similar proteins. Rhino is a female-specific protein that affects chromosome structure and egg polarity that is required for germline PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) production. In Drosophila the RDC (rhino, deadlock, and cutoff) complex, composed of rhino, the protein deadlock (Del) and the Rai1-like transcription termination cofactor cutoff (Cuff) binds to chromatin of dual-strand piRNA clusters, special genomic regions, which encode piRNA precursors. The RDC complex is anchored to H3K9me3-marked chromatin in part via the H3K9me3-binding activity of Rhino, and is required for transcription of piRNA precursors. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18630   1 EYVVEKILGKRFVNGRPQVLVKWSGFPNENNTWEPLENLgNCMKLVADY 49

CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain; uncharacterized subgroup; The chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain. Chromodomains belong to the chromo-like superfamily of SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains which includes chromo shadow domains and chromo barrel domains. Chromodomains differ from these in that they lack the first strand of the SH3-fold-beta-barrel. This first strand is altered by insertion in the chromo shadow domains, and chromo barrel domains are typical SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains with sequence similarity to the canonical chromo domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEA 75
Cdd:cd18966   1 YEVERILAERRDDGGKRYLVKWEGYPLEEATWEPEENIGDEELLKE 46

chromodomain of chromobox homolog 2; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2), a component of the PcG repressive complex PRC1, one of the two classes of PRCs. PcG proteins form large multiprotein complexes (PcG bodies) which are involved in the stable repression of genes involved in development, signaling or cancer via chromatin-based epigenetic modifications. Mammalian PRC1 includes canonical (cPRC1) and non-canonical complexes; cPRC1, contains four core subunits including one CBX protein (CBX2, CBX4, and CBX6-CBX8) that binds H3K27me3. CBX family members have different affinity for H3K27me3, with CBX7 having the highest binding capability. The human CBX proteins show distinct nuclear localizations and contribute differently to transcriptional repression. Some CBX proteins of the PRC1 complex have been implicated in transcriptional activation as well as in PRC1-independent roles in embryonic stem cells and in somatic cells.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18647   4 FAAECILSKRLRKGKLEYLVKWRGWSSKHNSWEPEENILDPRLLLAF 50

chromodomain of fission yeast Swi6, and similar proteins; Fission yeast Swi6 protein is a structural and functional homolog of mammalian HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) and is involved in the chromatin structure by binding to centromeres, telomeres, and the silent mating-type locus. Swi6 contains a N-terminal chromo (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain and a C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD). Swi6 binds histone H3 tails methylated at Lys- and the cohesion subunit Psc3, leading to silencing the genes and sister chromatid cohesion. It is also involved in the repression of the silent mating-type loci MAT2 and MAT3. Swi6 may compact MAT2/3 into a heterochromatin-like conformation which represses the transcription of these silent cassettes. chromodomains mediate the interaction of the heterochromatin with other heterochromatin proteins, thereby affecting chromatin structure (e.g. Drosophila and human heterochromatin protein (HP1) and mammalian modifier 1 and modifier 2). CSDs have only been found in proteins that also possess a chromodomain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVV--NGKVEYFLKWKGFTDA-DNTWEPEENLD-CPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18637   1 EYVVEKILKHRMArkGGGYEYLLKWEGYDDPsDNTWSSEADCAgCKDLIEAYWE 54

chromodomain of the Chromodomain Y-like protein family; This group includes the chromodomain found in the mammalian chromodomain Y-like (CDY) protein family, and similar proteins. The human CDY family includes 6 proteins: the genes encoding four of these: two copies of CDY1 (CDY1a, CDY1a) and two copies of CDY2(CDY2a and CDY2b), are located on chromosome Y, and the genes encoding the other two members (CDYL and CDYL2) are located on autosomes. The chromosomal genes are only present in primates, whereas the CDYL and CDYL2 genes exist in most mammalian species. The CDY family proteins contain two functional domains: a chromodomain involved in chromatin binding and a catalytic domain found in many coenzyme A (CoA)- dependent acylation enzymes. CDYL is ubiquitously expressed, whereas CDYL2 shows selective expression in tissues of testis, prostate, spleen, and leukocyte. The CDYL genes are ubiquitously expressed, the CDY genes are only expressed in the testis. Deletion of the CDY1b gene has been shown to be a risk factor for male infertility. Impairments in CDY2 expression could be implicated in the pathogenesis of maturation arrest (a failure of germ cell development).

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRV-VNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18634   1 LYEVERIVDKRKnKKGKTEYLVRWKGYDSEDDTWEPEQHLlNCEEFIHDF 50

chromodomain of chromobox homolog 8; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8), a component of the PcG repressive complex PRC1, one of the two classes of PRCs. PcG proteins form large multiprotein complexes (PcG bodies) which are involved in the stable repression of genes involved in development, signaling or cancer via chromatin-based epigenetic modifications. Mammalian PRC1 includes canonical (cPRC1) and non-canonical complexes; cPRC1, contains four core subunits including one CBX protein (CBX2, CBX4, and CBX6-CBX8) that binds H3K27me3. CBX family members have different affinity for H3K27me3, with CBX7 having the highest binding capability. The human CBX proteins show distinct nuclear localizations and contribute differently to transcriptional repression. Some CBX proteins of the PRC1 complex have been implicated in transcriptional activation as well as in PRC1-independent roles in embryonic stem cells and in somatic cells. CBX proteins may act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in a cell-type-dependent manner, CBX8 for example promotes proliferation while suppressing metastasis, in colorectal carcinoma progression.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLDCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18649   5 FAAEALLKRRIRKGRMEYLVKWKGWSQKYSTWEPEENILDARLLAAF 51

chromodomain of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IB retrotransposable element Tf2 155 kDa protein type 1, and similar proteins; This subgroup includes the CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain found in Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IB retrotransposable element Tf2 155 kDa protein type 1 (Tf2-1), and similar proteins. It belongs to the Ty3/gypsy family of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The pol gene in TY3/gypsy elements generally encodes domains in the following order: an aspartyl protease, a reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and an integrase, here the chromodomain is found at the C-terminus of the integrase domain. The chromodomain, is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLD 68
Cdd:cd18973   1 YVVEAILDNKRRKGKWLYLVKWKGYGPEHNTWEPRENLE 39

CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain; uncharacterized subgroup; The chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain. Chromodomains belong to the chromo-like superfamily of SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains which includes chromo shadow domains and chromo barrel domains. Chromodomains differ from these in that they lack the first strand of the SH3-fold-beta-barrel. This first strand is altered by insertion in the chromo shadow domains, and chromo barrel domains are typical SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains with sequence similarity to the canonical chromo domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL 67
Cdd:cd18965   1 YIIEALLKKRQFNRKLEYLVKWHGLPESENTWEREKDI 38

chromodomain of chromodomain-containing protein 1, and similar proteins; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of chromodomain-containing protein 1 (CHp1), and similar proteins. Chp1 is needed for RNA interference-dependent heterochromatin formation in fission yeast. Chp1 is a member of the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex which maintains the heterochromatin regions. The chromodomain of the Chp1 component binds the histone H3 lysine 9 methylated tail (H3K9me) and the core of the nucleosome. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRV-VNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL 67
Cdd:cd18636   2 YEVEDILADRVnKNGINEYYIKWAGYDWYDNTWEPEQNL 40

chromodomain of Caenorhabditis elegans chromodomain protein 4, and similar proteins; CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domain of Caenorhabditis elegans CEC-4, and similar proteins. CEC-4 is a perinuclear heterochromatin anchor, it mediates the anchoring of H3K9 methylation-bearing chromatin at the nuclear periphery in early to mid-stage embryos. It is necessary for anchoring, but does not affect transcriptional repression. CEC-4 contributes to the efficiency with which muscle differentiation is induced following ectopic expression of the master regulator, HLH-1 (MyoD in mammals). A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTD-ADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18961   1 YEVEKILSHRIVNGKPLYLVMWVGYPGpVENSEMWEEDLkNCGELLKAY 49

repeat 2 of paired tandem chromodomains; Repeat 2 of tandem CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domains, found in CHD (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) proteins such as mammalian helicase DNA-binding proteins CHD1 to CHD9, and yeast protein CHD1. The CHD proteins belong to the SNF2 superfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and contain two signature motifs: a pair of chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein. CHD chromatin remodelers are important regulators of transcription and play critical roles during developmental processes. The N-terminal chromodomains of CHD1 have been shown to guard against sliding hexasomes. Mutations in the chromodomains of mouse CHD1 result in nuclear redistribution, suggesting that the chromodomain is essential for proper association with chromatin; also, deletion of the chromodomains in the Drosophila melanogaster CHD3-4 homolog impaired nucleosome binding, mobilization, and ATPase functions. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 20544151  31 VVEKVLDRRVV-NGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL--DCPELIEAFLN 78
Cdd:cd18659   4 IVERIIAHREDdEGVTEYLVKWKGLPYDECTWESEEDIsdIFQEAIDEYKK 54

chromodomain of Drosophila melanogaster chromator chromodomain protein, and similar proteins; This subgroup includes the CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain found in chromodomain of Drosophila melanogaster chromator (also known as Chriz/Chro) chromodomain protein, and similar proteins. Chromator is a nuclear protein that plays a role in proper spindle dynamics during mitosis. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  30 FVVEKVLDRRVVNGKV--EYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLD-CPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18640   1 EPVEKIVAKRFNPRKKtwEYLVKWENRSHHENTWEPMANLErCKYLLQMF 50

CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain; uncharacterized subgroup; for most members of this subgroup, the chromodomain is followed by a chromo shadow domain; The chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain. Chromodomains belong to the chromo-like superfamily of SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains which includes chromo shadow domains and chromo barrel domains. Chromodomains differ from these in that they lack the first strand of the SH3-fold-beta-barrel. This first strand is altered by insertion in the chromo shadow domains, and chromo barrel domains are typical SH3-fold-beta-barrel domains with sequence similarity to the canonical chromo domain. For the majority of members of this subgroup, the chromodomain is followed by a chromo shadow domain (CSD).

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20544151  28 EEFVVEKVLD---RRVVNGKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL-DCPELIEAF 76
Cdd:cd18969   2 EEYEIEEILDvkkGGFEDGKLAYFVKWKGYPSSENSWVTEEDAaNAQEMIEEY 54

repeat 1 of paired tandem chromodomains; Repeat 1 of tandem CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domains, found in CHD (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) proteins such as mammalian helicase DNA-binding proteins CHD1 to CHD9, and yeast protein CHD1. The CHD proteins belong to the SNF2 superfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and contain two signature motifs: a pair of chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein. CHD chromatin remodelers are important regulators of transcription and play critical roles during developmental processes. The N-terminal chromodomains of CHD1 have been shown to guard against sliding hexasomes. Mutations in the chromodomains of mouse CHD1 result in nuclear redistribution, suggesting that the chromodomain is essential for proper association with chromatin; also, deletion of the chromodomains in the Drosophila melanogaster CHD3-4 homolog impaired nucleosome binding, mobilization, and ATPase functions. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 20544151  28 EEFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKV----------------EYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENL 67
Cdd:cd18660   1 DEDKIEKILDHRPKGPVEeasldltdpdepwderEFLVKWKGKSYLHCTWVTEETL 56

chromodomain of a Tasahii var. asahii CBS 8904 retrotransposon nucleocapsid protein, and similar proteins; This subgroup includes the CHROMO (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain found in Trichosporon asahii var. asahii CBS 8904 retrotransposon nucleocapsid protein, and similar proteins. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20544151  29 EFVVEKVLDRRVVNGKVE---YFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEENLD 68
Cdd:cd18980   3 EYEVEAILDHKVDRRYRDpnfYLVRWRGYGPSHDSWEPTSALE 45

chromodomain 2 of chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein, and similar proteins; This subgroup includes the chromodomain 2 of chloroplast SRP43 (cpSRP43), and similar proteins. CpSRP43 is a component of the chloroplast signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway. It forms a stable complex with cpSRP54 (cpSRP complex) which is required for the efficient posttranslational transport of members of the nuclearly encoded light harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs) to the thylakoid membrane. Chromatin organization modifier (chromo) domain is a conserved region of around 50 amino acids found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, which appear to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. Experimental evidence implicates the chromodomain in the binding activity of these proteins to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. May occur as single instance, in a tandem arrangement or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 20544151  32 VEKVLDRRVVNGKVEYFLKWKgfTDADNTWEPEENL 67
Cdd:cd18629   5 VNEILESRGKGKDMEYLIEWK--DGGDCEWVKGVHV 38

repeat 2 of the paired tandem chromodomains of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 3 and 4, and similar proteins; Repeat 2 of tandem CHRomatin Organization Modifier (chromo) domains, found in CHD (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) proteins such as mammalian helicase DNA-binding proteins CHD3 and CHD4, and yeast protein CHD1. The CHD proteins belong to the SNF2 superfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and contain two signature motifs: a pair of chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein. CHD chromatin remodelers are important regulators of transcription and play critical roles during developmental processes. The N-terminal chromodomains of CHD1 have been shown to guard against sliding hexasomes. Mutations in the chromodomains of mouse CHD1 result in nuclear redistribution, suggesting that the chromodomain is essential for proper association with chromatin; also, deletion of the chromodomains in the Drosophila melanogaster CHD3-4 homolog impaired nucleosome binding, mobilization, and ATPase functions. Human CHD3 (also named Mi-2 alpha) and CHD4 (also named Mi-2 beta) are coexpressed in many cell lines and tissues and may act as the motor subunit of the NuRD complex (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase activities). The proteins form distinct CHD3- and CHD4-NuRD complexes that repress, as well as activate gene transcription of overlapping and specific target genes. A chromodomain is a conserved region of about 50 amino acids, found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, and which appears to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. The chromodomain is implicated in the binding, of the proteins in which it is found, to methylated histone tails and maybe RNA. A chromodomain may occur as a single instance, in a tandem arrangement, or followed by a related chromo shadow domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20544151  27 PEEFVVEKVLDRRVVN-GKVEYFLKWKGFTDADNTWEPEEnLDCPELIEA 75
Cdd:cd18662   1 PEWLQIHRIINHRVDKdGNTWYLVKWRDLPYDQSTWESED-DDIPDYEKH 49