Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins; A large family of proteins that share a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) binding (NADB) domain. The NADB domain is found in numerous dehydrogenases of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, and many other redox enzymes. NAD binding involves numerous hydrogen-bonds and van der Waals contacts, in particular H-bonding of residues in a turn between the first strand and the subsequent helix of the Rossmann-fold topology. Characteristically, this turn exhibits a consensus binding pattern similar to GXGXXG, in which the first 2 glycines participate in NAD(P)-binding, and the third facilitates close packing of the helix to the beta-strand. Typically, proteins in this family contain a second domain in addition to the NADB domain, which is responsible for specifically binding a substrate and catalyzing a particular enzymatic reaction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  44 GIDRKGVLANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAK 123
Cdd:cd08936   1 GVTRRDPLANKVALVTASTDGIGLAIARRLAQDGAHVVVSSRKQQNVDRAVATLQGEGLSVTGTVCHVGKAEDRERLVAT 80

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 62088886 124 ALEHCGGVDFLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd08936  81 AVNLHGGVDILVSNAAVNPFFGNILDSTEEVWDKI 115

Porcine peroxisomal carbonyl reductase like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup contains porcine peroxisomal carbonyl reductase and similar proteins. The porcine enzyme efficiently reduces retinals. This subgroup also includes human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4 (DHRS4), and human DHRS4L1. DHRS4 is a peroxisomal enzyme with 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity; it catalyzes the reduction of 3-keto-C19/C21-steroids into 3beta-hydroxysteroids more efficiently than it does the retinal reduction. The human DHRS4 gene cluster contains DHRS4, DHRS4L2 and DHRS4L1. DHRS4L2 and DHRS4L1 are paralogs of DHRS4, DHRS4L2 being the most recent member. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  44 GIDRKGVLANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAK 123
Cdd:cd08936   1 GVTRRDPLANKVALVTASTDGIGLAIARRLAQDGAHVVVSSRKQQNVDRAVATLQGEGLSVTGTVCHVGKAEDRERLVAT 80

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 62088886 124 ALEHCGGVDFLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd08936  81 AVNLHGGVDILVSNAAVNPFFGNILDSTEEVWDKI 115

NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:COG1028   4 LKGKVALVTGGSSGIGRAIARALAAEGARVVITDRDAEALEAAAAELRAAGGRALAVAADVTDEAAVEALVAAAVAAFGR 83

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 62088886 131 VDFLVCSAGVNPlVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:COG1028  84 LDILVNNAGITP-PGPLEELTEEDWDRV 110

This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886     57 VVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGA-HVVISSR---KQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVD 132
Cdd:smart00822   4 LITGGLGGLGRALARWLAERGArRLVLLSRsgpDAPGAAALLAELEAAGARVTVVACDVADRDALAAVLAAIPAVEGPLT 83

                   ....*...
gi 62088886    133 FLVCSAGV 140
Cdd:smart00822  84 GVIHAAGV 91

Porcine peroxisomal carbonyl reductase like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup contains porcine peroxisomal carbonyl reductase and similar proteins. The porcine enzyme efficiently reduces retinals. This subgroup also includes human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4 (DHRS4), and human DHRS4L1. DHRS4 is a peroxisomal enzyme with 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity; it catalyzes the reduction of 3-keto-C19/C21-steroids into 3beta-hydroxysteroids more efficiently than it does the retinal reduction. The human DHRS4 gene cluster contains DHRS4, DHRS4L2 and DHRS4L1. DHRS4L2 and DHRS4L1 are paralogs of DHRS4, DHRS4L2 being the most recent member. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  44 GIDRKGVLANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAK 123
Cdd:cd08936   1 GVTRRDPLANKVALVTASTDGIGLAIARRLAQDGAHVVVSSRKQQNVDRAVATLQGEGLSVTGTVCHVGKAEDRERLVAT 80

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 62088886 124 ALEHCGGVDFLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd08936  81 AVNLHGGVDILVSNAAVNPFFGNILDSTEEVWDKI 115

NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:COG1028   4 LKGKVALVTGGSSGIGRAIARALAAEGARVVITDRDAEALEAAAAELRAAGGRALAVAADVTDEAAVEALVAAAVAAFGR 83

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 62088886 131 VDFLVCSAGVNPlVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:COG1028  84 LDILVNNAGITP-PGPLEELTEEDWDRV 110

3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase FabG;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK05653   3 LQGKTALVTGASRGIGRAIALRLAADGAKVVIYDSNEEAAEALAAELRAAGGEARVLVFDVSDEAAVRALIEAAVEAFGA 82

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 62088886  131 VDFLVCSAGVNPlVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:PRK05653  83 LDILVNNAGITR-DALLPRMSEEDWDRV 109

short chain dehydrogenase; This family contains a wide variety of dehydrogenases.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886    54 RVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVDF 133
Cdd:pfam00106   1 KVALVTGASSGIGRAIAKRLAKEGAKVVLVDRSEEKLEAVAKELGALGGKALFIQGDVTDRAQVKALVEQAVERLGRLDI 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 62088886   134 LVCSAGVNPlVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:pfam00106  81 LVNNAGITG-LGPFSELSDEDWERV 104

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   50 VLANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGlSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCG 129
Cdd:PRK07326   3 SLKGKVALITGGSKGIGFAIAEALLAEGYKVAITARDQKELEEAAAELNNKG-NVLGLAADVRDEADVQRAVDAIVAAFG 81

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 62088886  130 GVDFLVCSAGV 140
Cdd:PRK07326  82 GLDVLIANAGV 92

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK07035   6 LTGKIALVTGASRGIGEAIAKLLAQQGAHVIVSSRKLDGCQAVADAIVAAGGKAEALACHIGEMEQIDALFAHIRERHGR 85

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 62088886  131 VDFLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDK 157
Cdd:PRK07035  86 LDILVNNAAANPYFGHILDTDLGAFQK 112

NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Pyrimidine degradation

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  52 ANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEglsVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGV 131
Cdd:COG4221   4 KGKVALITGASSGIGAATARALAAAGARVVLAARRAERLEALAAELGGR---ALAVPLDVTDEAAVEAAVAAAVAEFGRL 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 62088886 132 DFLVCSAGVNPLvGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:COG4221  81 DVLVNNAGVALL-GPLEELDPEDWDRM 106

beta-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR), involved in Type II FAS, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes the Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) NAD(P)(H) binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H) binding pattern: TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P) binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P) binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr-151 and Lys-155, and well as Asn-111 (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  54 RVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVDF 133
Cdd:cd05333   1 KVALVTGASRGIGRAIALRLAAEGAKVAVTDRSEEAAAETVEEIKALGGNAAALEADVSDREAVEALVEKVEAEFGPVDI 80

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886 134 LVCSAGVnplvgsT-----LGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd05333  81 LVNNAGI------TrdnllMRMSEEDWDAV 104

gluconate 5-dehydrogenase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK08213  10 LSGKTALVTGGSRGLGLQIAEALGEAGARVVLSARKAEELEEAAAHLEALGIDALWIAADVADEADIERLAEETLERFGH 89

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 62088886  131 VDFLVCSAGV 140
Cdd:PRK08213  90 VDILVNNAGA 99

Polyketide ketoreductase, classical (c) SDR; Polyketide ketoreductase (KR) is a classical SDR with a characteristic NAD-binding pattern and active site tetrad. Aromatic polyketides include various aromatic compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Polyketide KR, part of the type II polyketide synthase (PKS) complex, is comprised of stand-alone domains that resemble the domains found in fatty acid synthase and multidomain type I PKS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  53 NRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVD 132
Cdd:cd08945   3 SEVALVTGATSGIGLAIARRLGKEGLRVFVCARGEEGLATTVKELREAGVEADGRTCDVRSVPEIEALVAAAVARYGPID 82

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 62088886 133 FLVCSAGvNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd08945  83 VLVNNAG-RSGGGATAELADELWLDV 107

gluconate 5-dehydrogenase (Ga5DH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Ga5DH catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of carbon source D-gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconate. This SDR subgroup has a classical Gly-rich NAD(P)-binding motif and a conserved active site tetrad pattern. However, it has been proposed that Arg104 (Streptococcus suis Ga5DH numbering), as well as an active site Ca2+, play a critical role in catalysis. In addition to Ga5DHs this subgroup contains Erwinia chrysanthemi KduD which is involved in pectin degradation, and is a putative 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107,15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:cd05347   3 LKGKVALVTGASRGIGFGIASGLAEAGANIVINSRNEEKAEEAQQLIEKEGVEATAFTCDVSDEEAIKAAVEAIEEDFGK 82

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 62088886 131 VDFLVCSAGVNpLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd05347  83 IDILVNNAGII-RRHPAEEFPEAEWRDV 109

3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Validated

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGE-GLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCG 129
Cdd:PRK05557   3 LEGKVALVTGASRGIGRAIAERLAAQGANVVINYASSEAGAEALVAEIGAlGGKALAVQGDVSDAESVERAVDEAKAEFG 82

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 62088886  130 GVDFLVCSAGV---NPLvgstLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:PRK05557  83 GVDILVNNAGItrdNLL----MRMKEEDWDRV 110

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human 11beta_HSD1 catalyzes the NADP(H)-dependent interconversion of cortisone and cortisol. This subgroup also includes human dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7C (DHRS7C) and DHRS7B. These proteins have the GxxxGxG nucleotide binding motif and S-Y-K catalytic triad characteristic of the SDRs, but have an atypical C-terminal domain that contributes to homodimerization contacts. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQnvdrAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHV-----GKAEDREQLVAKAL 125
Cdd:cd05332   1 LQGKVVIITGASSGIGEELAYHLARLGARLVLSARREE----RLEEVKSECLELGAPSPHVvpldmSDLEDAEQVVEEAL 76

                        90
                ....*....|....*.
gi 62088886 126 EHCGGVDFLVCSAGVN 141
Cdd:cd05332  77 KLFGGLDILINNAGIS 92

short chain dehydrogenase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQnVDRAMAKLQGEGLsvAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK06841  13 LSGKVAVVTGGASGIGHAIAELFAAKGARVALLDRSED-VAEVAAQLLGGNA--KGLVCDVSDSQSVEAAVAAVISAFGR 89

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 62088886  131 VDFLVCSAGVNPLvGSTLGTSEQIWDK 157
Cdd:PRK06841  90 IDILVNSAGVALL-APAEDVSEEDWDK 115

Porcine testicular carbonyl reductase (PTCR)-like, classical (c) SDRs; PTCR is a classical SDR which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ketones on steroids and prostaglandins. Unlike most SDRs, PTCR functions as a monomer. This subgroup also includes human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and CBR3. CBR1 is an NADPH-dependent SDR with broad substrate specificity and may be responsible for the in vivo reduction of quinones, prostaglandins, and other carbonyl-containing compounds. In addition it includes poppy NADPH-dependent salutaridine reductase which catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of salutaridine to 7(S)-salutaridinol in the biosynthesis of morphine, and Arabidopsis SDR1,a menthone reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of menthone to neomenthol, a compound with antimicrobial activity; SDR1 can also carry out neomenthol oxidation. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  54 RVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGA-HVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVD 132
Cdd:cd05324   1 KVALVTGANRGIGFEIVRQLAKSGPgTVILTARDVERGQAAVEKLRAEGLSVRFHQLDVTDDASIEAAADFVEEKYGGLD 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 62088886 133 FLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:cd05324  81 ILVNNAGIAFKGFDDSTPTREQARET 106

3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   54 RVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISS-RKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVD 132
Cdd:PRK12745   3 PVALVTGGRRGIGLGIARALAAAGFDLAINDrPDDEELAATQQELRALGVEVIFFPADVADLSAHEAMLDAAQAAWGRID 82

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 62088886  133 FLVCSAGVNPLV-GSTLGTSEQIWDKVRG 160
Cdd:PRK12745  83 CLVNNAGVGVKVrGDLLDLTPESFDRVLA 111

d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), classical (c) SDRs; DHBDH, an NAD+ -dependent enzyme, catalyzes the interconversion of D-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. It is a classical SDR, with the canonical NAD-binding motif and active site tetrad. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  53 NRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAM--AKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:cd08940   2 GKVALVTGSTSGIGLGIARALAAAGANIVLNGFGDAAEIEAVraGLAAKHGVKVLYHGADLSKPAAIEDMVAYAQRQFGG 81

                        90
                ....*....|
gi 62088886 131 VDFLVCSAGV 140
Cdd:cd08940  82 VDILVNNAGI 91

tropinone reductase-I and II (TR-1, and TR-II)-like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes TR-I and TR-II; these proteins are members of the SDR family. TRs catalyze the NADPH-dependent reductions of the 3-carbonyl group of tropinone, to a beta-hydroxyl group. TR-I and TR-II produce different stereoisomers from tropinone, TR-I produces tropine (3alpha-hydroxytropane), and TR-II, produces pseudotropine (sigma-tropine, 3beta-hydroxytropane). SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:cd05329   4 LEGKTALVTGGTKGIGYAIVEELAGLGAEVYTCARNQKELDECLTEWREKGFKVEGSVCDVSSRSERQELMDTVASHFGG 83

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....
gi 62088886 131 -VDFLVCSAGVNPLVGSTLGTSEQ 153
Cdd:cd05329  84 kLNILVNNAGTNIRKEAKDYTEED 107

3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These proteins include members identified as KDSR, ribitol type dehydrogenase, and others. The group shows strong conservation of the active site tetrad and glycine rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  54 RVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGE----GLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCG 129
Cdd:cd08939   2 KHVLITGGSSGIGKALAKELVKEGANVIIVARSESKLEEAVEEIEAEanasGQKVSYISADLSDYEEVEQAFAQAVEKGG 81

                        90
                ....*....|.
gi 62088886 130 GVDFLVCSAGV 140
Cdd:cd08939  82 PPDLVVNCAGI 92

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   46 DRKGVLANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKAL 125
Cdd:PRK07201 364 DLRGPLVGKVVLITGASSGIGRATAIKVAEAGATVFLVARNGEALDELVAEIRAKGGTAHAYTCDLTDSAAVDHTVKDIL 443

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 62088886  126 EHCGGVDFLVCSAG 139
Cdd:PRK07201 444 AEHGHVDYLVNNAG 457

classical (c) SDR, subgroup 4; This subgroup has a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  56 AVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAmakLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGGVDFLV 135
Cdd:cd08929   3 ALVTGASRGIGEATARLLHAEGYRVGICARDEARLAAA---AAQELEGVLGLAGDVRDEADVRRAVDAMEEAFGGLDALV 79

                ....*
gi 62088886 136 CSAGV 140
Cdd:cd08929  80 NNAGV 84

human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 1 (DHRS1) and human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 2 (HSDL2), classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes human DHRS1 and human HSDL2 and related proteins. These are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif and the typical YXXXK active site motif. However, the rest of the catalytic tetrad is not strongly conserved. DHRS1 mRNA has been detected in many tissues, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas; a longer transcript is predominantly expressed in the liver , a shorter one in the heart. HSDL2 may play a part in fatty acid metabolism, as it is found in peroxisomes. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVD------------RAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDRE 118
Cdd:cd05338   1 LSGKVAFVTGASRGIGRAIALRLAKAGATVVVAAKTASEGDngsakslpgtieETAEEIEAAGGQALPIVVDVRDEDQVR 80

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 62088886 119 QLVAKALEHCGGVDFLVCSAGVNPLvGSTLGTSEQIWD 156
Cdd:cd05338  81 ALVEATVDQFGRLDILVNNAGAIWL-SLVEDTPAKRFD 117

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKL--QGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHC 128
Cdd:PRK09242   7 LDGQTALITGASKGIGLAIAREFLGLGADVLIVARDADALAQARDELaeEFPEREVHGLAADVSDDEDRRAILDWVEDHW 86

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886  129 GGVDFLVCSAGVNpLVGSTLGTSEQIWDKV 158
Cdd:PRK09242  87 DGLHILVNNAGGN-IRKAAIDYTEDEWRGI 115

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK13394   5 LNGKTAVVTGAASGIGKEIALELARAGAAVAIADLNQDGANAVADEINKAGGKAIGVAMDVTNEDAVNAGIDKVAERFGS 84

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 62088886  131 VDFLVCSAG---VNPLVgstlGTSEQIWDKVRGL 161
Cdd:PRK13394  85 VDILVSNAGiqiVNPIE----NYSFADWKKMQAI 114

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQ--GEGLSVAGIVCHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHC 128
Cdd:PRK07063   5 LAGKVALVTGAAQGIGAAIARAFAREGAAVALADLDAALAERAAAAIArdVAGARVLAVPADVTDAASVAAAVAAAEEAF 84

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 62088886  129 GGVDFLVCSAGVNpLVGSTLGTSEQIWDK 157
Cdd:PRK07063  85 GPLDVLVNNAGIN-VFADPLAMTDEDWRR 112

SDR family oxidoreductase;

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 62088886   51 LANRVAVVTGSTSGIGFAIARRLARDGAHVVISSRKQQNVDRAMAKLQGEGLSVAGIVcHVGKAEDREQLVAKALEHCGG 130
Cdd:PRK06138   3 LAGRVAIVTGAGSGIGRATAKLFAREGARVVVADRDAEAAERVAAAIAAGGRAFARQG-DVGSAEAVEALVDFVAARWGR 81