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Conserved domains on  [gi|90184294|gb|ABD91088|]
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rhodopsin, partial [Phrynobatrachus mababiensis]

Protein Classification

Graphical summary

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List of domain hits

Name Accession Description Interval E-value
7tm_GPCRs super family cl28897
seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary ...
31-105 1.17e-36

seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary model represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, often referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside via G proteins. GPCRs constitute the largest known superfamily of transmembrane receptors across the three kingdoms of life that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including peptides, lipids, neurotransmitters, amino acids, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, smell and taste. All GPCRs share a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. However, some 7TM receptors, such as the type 1 microbial rhodopsins, do not activate G proteins. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (the rhodopsin-like family), class B (the Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (the metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (the fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (the cAMP receptor family), and class F (the frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections.


The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd15080:

Pssm-ID: 475119 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 124.94  E-value: 1.17e-36
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15080   1 SALAAYMFLLILLGFPINFLTLYVTVQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAVADLFMVFGGFTTTMYTSMHGYFVFGPTGCNL 75
Rhodopsin_N super family cl11070
Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal ...
1-30 1.00e-14

Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal G-protein-coupled receptor. Such receptors participate in virtually all physiological processes, as signalling molecules. They utilize heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins to transduce extracellular signals to intracellular events. Rhodopsin is important because of the pivotal role it plays in visual signal transduction. Rhodopsin is a dimeric transmembrane protein and its intradiskal surface consists of this amino terminal domain and three loops connecting six of the seven transmembrane helices. The N-terminus is a compact domain of alpha-helical regions with breaks and bends at proline residues outside the membrane. The transmembrane part of rhodopsin is represented by 7tm_1 (pfam00001). The N-terminal domain is extracellular is and is necessary for successful dimerization and molecular stability.


The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam10413:

Pssm-ID: 313611  Cd Length: 35  Bit Score: 62.16  E-value: 1.00e-14
                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294     1 NFYVPMSNKSGVVRSPFEYPQYYLAEPWKY 30
Cdd:pfam10413   6 NFYIPMSNKTGVVRSPYEYPQYYLAEPWKF 35
 
Name Accession Description Interval E-value
7tmA_MWS_opsin cd15080
medium wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
31-105 1.17e-36

medium wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Medium Wave-Sensitive opsin, which mediates visual transduction in response to light at medium wavelengths (green). Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 381742 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 124.94  E-value: 1.17e-36
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15080   1 SALAAYMFLLILLGFPINFLTLYVTVQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAVADLFMVFGGFTTTMYTSMHGYFVFGPTGCNL 75
Rhodopsin_N pfam10413
Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal ...
1-30 1.00e-14

Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal G-protein-coupled receptor. Such receptors participate in virtually all physiological processes, as signalling molecules. They utilize heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins to transduce extracellular signals to intracellular events. Rhodopsin is important because of the pivotal role it plays in visual signal transduction. Rhodopsin is a dimeric transmembrane protein and its intradiskal surface consists of this amino terminal domain and three loops connecting six of the seven transmembrane helices. The N-terminus is a compact domain of alpha-helical regions with breaks and bends at proline residues outside the membrane. The transmembrane part of rhodopsin is represented by 7tm_1 (pfam00001). The N-terminal domain is extracellular is and is necessary for successful dimerization and molecular stability.


Pssm-ID: 313611  Cd Length: 35  Bit Score: 62.16  E-value: 1.00e-14
                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294     1 NFYVPMSNKSGVVRSPFEYPQYYLAEPWKY 30
Cdd:pfam10413   6 NFYIPMSNKTGVVRSPYEYPQYYLAEPWKF 35
7tm_1 pfam00001
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ...
48-103 1.58e-06

7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins.


Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 256  Bit Score: 44.60  E-value: 1.58e-06
                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294    48 NFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANH-FMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:pfam00001   2 NLLVILVILRNKKLRTPTNIFLLNLAVADLlFSLLTLPFWLVYYLNHGDWPFGSALC 58
 
Name Accession Description Interval E-value
7tmA_MWS_opsin cd15080
medium wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
31-105 1.17e-36

medium wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Medium Wave-Sensitive opsin, which mediates visual transduction in response to light at medium wavelengths (green). Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 381742 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 124.94  E-value: 1.17e-36
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15080   1 SALAAYMFLLILLGFPINFLTLYVTVQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAVADLFMVFGGFTTTMYTSMHGYFVFGPTGCNL 75
7tmA_SWS2_opsin cd15077
short wave-sensitive 2 opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 3.86e-19

short wave-sensitive 2 opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Short Wave-Sensitive opsin 2 (SWS2), which mediates visual transduction in response to light at short wavelengths (violet to blue). Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320205 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 79.10  E-value: 3.86e-19
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15077   2 GMSAFMLFLVIAGFPINVLTIICTIKYKKLRSHLNYILVNLAVANLIVVCFGSTTAFYSFSQMYFVLGPLAC 73
7tmA_Opsins_type2_animals cd14969
type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
31-105 3.20e-18

type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This rhodopsin family represents the type 2 opsins found in vertebrates and invertebrates except sponge. Type 2 opsins primarily function as G protein coupled receptors and are responsible for vision as well as for circadian rhythm and pigment regulation. On the contrary, type 1 opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, functioning as light-gated ion channels, proton pumps, sensory receptors and in other unknown functions. Although these two opsin types share seven-transmembrane domain topology and a conserved lysine reside in the seventh helix, type 1 opsins do not activate G-proteins and are not evolutionarily related to type 2. Type 2 opsins can be classified into six distinct subfamilies including the vertebrate opsins/encephalopsins, the G(o) opsins, the G(s) opsins, the invertebrate G(q) opsins, the photoisomerases, and the neuropsins.


Pssm-ID: 381741 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 284  Bit Score: 76.86  E-value: 3.20e-18
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd14969   1 YVLAVYLSLIGVLGVVLNGLVIIVFLKKKKLRTPLNLFLLNLALADLLMSVVGYPLSFYSNLSGRWSFGDPGCVI 75
7tmA_VA_opsin cd15082
non-visual VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ...
26-103 2.09e-16

non-visual VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The vertebrate ancient (VA) opsin photopigments were originally identified in salmon and they appear to have diverged early in the evolution of vertebrate opsins. VA opsins are localized in the inner retina and the brain in teleosts. The vertebrate non-visual opsin family includes pinopsins, parapinopsin, VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, and parietopsins. These non-visual opsins are expressed in various extraretinal tissues and/or in non-rod, non-cone retinal cells. They are thought to be involved in light-dependent physiological functions such as photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodicity, and body color change. The VA opsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320210 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 291  Bit Score: 72.14  E-value: 2.09e-16
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 90184294  26 EPWKYSVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15082   9 APWNFTVLAALMFVVTSLSLAENFAVMLVTFRFKQLRQPLNYIIVNLSVADFLVSLTGGTISFLTNARGYFFLGVWAC 86
7tmA_Pinopsin cd15084
non-visual pinopsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
23-105 2.96e-16

non-visual pinopsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Pinopsins are found in the pineal organ of birds, reptiles and amphibians, but are absent from teleosts and mammals. The vertebrate non-visual opsin family includes pinopsins, parapinopsin, VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, and parietopsins. These non-visual opsins are expressed in various extra-retinal tissues and/or in non-rod, non-cone retinal cells. They are thought to be involved in light-dependent physiological functions such as photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodicity and body color change. Pinopsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320212 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 295  Bit Score: 71.82  E-value: 2.96e-16
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294  23 YLAEPWKYSVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTG 102
Cdd:cd15084   3 HLAPRSTYLTVAVLMGMVVALASFVNGLVIVVSIKYKKLRSPLNYILVNLAVADLLVTLFGSSVSFSNNIVGFFVFGKTM 82

                ...
gi 90184294 103 CYF 105
Cdd:cd15084  83 CEF 85
Rhodopsin_N pfam10413
Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal ...
1-30 1.00e-14

Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin; Rhodopsin is the archetypal G-protein-coupled receptor. Such receptors participate in virtually all physiological processes, as signalling molecules. They utilize heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins to transduce extracellular signals to intracellular events. Rhodopsin is important because of the pivotal role it plays in visual signal transduction. Rhodopsin is a dimeric transmembrane protein and its intradiskal surface consists of this amino terminal domain and three loops connecting six of the seven transmembrane helices. The N-terminus is a compact domain of alpha-helical regions with breaks and bends at proline residues outside the membrane. The transmembrane part of rhodopsin is represented by 7tm_1 (pfam00001). The N-terminal domain is extracellular is and is necessary for successful dimerization and molecular stability.


Pssm-ID: 313611  Cd Length: 35  Bit Score: 62.16  E-value: 1.00e-14
                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294     1 NFYVPMSNKSGVVRSPFEYPQYYLAEPWKY 30
Cdd:pfam10413   6 NFYIPMSNKTGVVRSPYEYPQYYLAEPWKF 35
7tmA_SWS1_opsin cd15076
short wave-sensitive 1 opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
34-103 1.05e-13

short wave-sensitive 1 opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Short Wave-Sensitive opsin 1 (SWS1), which mediates visual transduction in response to light at short wavelengths (ultraviolet to blue). Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320204 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 64.45  E-value: 1.05e-13
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294  34 AAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15076   4 AAFMGFVFIVGTPLNAIVLFVTIKYKKLRQPLNYILVNISLAGFIFCIFSVFPVFVASAQGYFFFGRTVC 73
7tmA_LWS_opsin cd15081
long wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
20-105 5.50e-13

long wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Long Wave-Sensitive opsin is also called red-sensitive opsin or red cone photoreceptor pigment, which mediates visual transduction in response to light at long wavelengths. Vertebrate cone opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina and involved in mediating photopic vision, which allows color perception. The cone opsins can be classified into four classes according to their peak absorption wavelengths: SWS1 (ultraviolet sensitive), SWS2 (short wave-sensitive), MWS/LWS (medium/long wave-sensitive), and RH2 (medium wave-sensitive, rhodopsin-like opsins). Members of this group belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320209 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 292  Bit Score: 62.62  E-value: 5.50e-13
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294  20 PQYYLAEPWKYSVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFG 99
Cdd:cd15081   2 PNYHIAPRWVYNLTSVWMIFVVFASVFTNGLVLVATLKFKKLRHPLNWILVNLAIADLGETVIASTISVVNQIFGYFILG 81

                ....*.
gi 90184294 100 QTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15081  82 HPMCVL 87
7tmA_photoreceptors_insect cd15079
insect photoreceptors R1-R6 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ...
33-105 2.67e-11

insect photoreceptors R1-R6 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the insect photoreceptors and their closely related proteins. The Drosophila eye is composed of about 800 unit eyes called ommatidia, each of which contains eight photoreceptor cells (R1-R8). The six outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) function like the vertebrate rods and are responsible for motion detection in dim light and image formation. The R1-R6 photoreceptors express a blue-absorbing pigment, Rhodopsin 1(Rh1). The inner photoreceptors (R7 and R8) are considered the equivalent of the color-sensitive vertebrate cone cells, which express a range of different pigments. The R7 photoreceptors express one of two different UV absorbing pigments, either Rh3 or Rh4. Likewise, the R8 photoreceptors express either the blue absorbing pigment Rh5 or green absorbing pigment Rh6. These photoreceptors belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320207 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 292  Bit Score: 57.97  E-value: 2.67e-11
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  33 LAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCgFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15079   3 LGFIYIFLGIVSLLGNGLVIYIFSTTKSLRTPSNMLVVNLAISDFLMMIK-MPIFIYNSFYEGWALGPLGCQI 74
7tmA_Parietopsin cd15085
non-visual parietopsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
31-105 2.93e-10

non-visual parietopsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Parietopsin is a non-visual green light-sensitive opsin that was initially identified in the parietal eye of lizards. The vertebrate non-visual opsin family includes pinopsins, parapinopsin, VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, and parietopsins. These non-visual opsins are expressed in various extra-retinal tissues and/or in non-rod, non-cone retinal cells. They are thought to be involved in light-dependent physiological functions such as photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodicity and body color change. Parietopsin belongs to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and shows strong homology to the vertebrate visual opsins.


Pssm-ID: 320213 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 55.24  E-value: 2.93e-10
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15085   1 SILSFLMFLNATFSIFNNVLVIAVTLKNPQLRNPINIFILNLSFSDLMMALCGTTIVTVTNYEGYFYLGDAFCIF 75
7tmA_Melanopsin-like cd15083
vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ...
31-103 9.91e-10

vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represent the Gq-coupled rhodopsin subfamily consists of melanopsins, insect photoreceptors R1-R6, invertebrate Gq opsins as well as their closely related opsins. Melanopsins (also called Opsin-4) are the primary photoreceptor molecules for non-visual functions such as the photo-entrainment of the circadian rhythm and pupillary constriction in mammals. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. The outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) are the insect Drosophila equivalent to the vertebrate rods and are responsible for image formation and motion detection. The invertebrate G(q) opsins includes the arthropod and mollusk visual opsins as well as invertebrate melanopsins, which are also found in vertebrates. Arthropods possess color vision by the use of multiple opsins sensitive to different light wavelengths. Members of this subfamily belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and have seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320211 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 291  Bit Score: 53.49  E-value: 9.91e-10
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15083   1 YVLGIFILIIGLIGVVGNGLVIYAFCRFKSLRTPANYLIINLAISDFLMCILNCPLMVISSFSGRWIFGKTGC 73
7tmA_Parapinopsin cd15075
non-visual parapinopsin, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
32-103 2.12e-09

non-visual parapinopsin, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the non-visual pineal pigment, parapinopsin, which is a member of the class A of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Parapinopsin serves as a UV-sensitive pigment for the wavelength discrimination in the pineal-related organs of lower vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Although parapinopsin is phylogenetically related to vertebrate visual pigments such as rhodopsin, which releases its retinal chromophore and bleaches, the parapinopsin photoproduct is stable and does not bleach. The vertebrate non-visual opsin family includes pinopsins, parapinopsin, VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, and parietopsins. These non-visual opsins are expressed in various extra-retinal tissues and/or in non-rod, non-cone retinal cells.


Pssm-ID: 320203 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 279  Bit Score: 52.86  E-value: 2.12e-09
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15075   2 ILSIIMAVFSIASVVLNATVIIVTLRHKQLRQPLNYALVNLAVADLGTTVFGGLLSVVTNAVGYFNLGRVGC 73
7tmA_Peropsin cd15073
retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog, member of the class A family of ...
31-103 3.06e-09

retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Peropsin, also known as a retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog (RRH), is a visual pigment-like protein found exclusively in the apical microvilli of the retinal pigment epithelium. Peropsin belongs to the type 2 opsin family of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Peropsin presumably plays a physiological role in the retinal pigment epithelium either by detecting light directly or monitoring the levels of retinoids, the primary light absorber in visual perception, or other pigment-related compounds in the eye.


Pssm-ID: 320201 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 280  Bit Score: 52.43  E-value: 3.06e-09
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15073   1 NIVAAYLIVAGIISTISNGIVLVTFVKFRELRTPTNALIINLAVTDLGVSIIGYPFSAASDLHGSWKFGYAGC 73
7tmA_NMU-R cd15133
neuromedin U receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
32-105 1.21e-08

neuromedin U receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure.


Pssm-ID: 320261 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 298  Bit Score: 50.61  E-value: 1.21e-08
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMfMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGY-FVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15133   3 VCLTYL-LIFVVGVVGNVLTCLVIARHKAMRTPTNYYLFSLAVSDLLVLLLGMPLELYELWQNYpFLLGSGGCYF 76
7tmA_NPYR-like cd15203
neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ...
39-105 3.57e-08

neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to Gi or Go proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Also included in this subgroup is prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10), which is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acid residues (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acid residues (PrRP-31). PrRP receptor shows significant sequence homology to the NPY receptors, and a micromolar level of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors.


Pssm-ID: 320331 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 293  Bit Score: 49.14  E-value: 3.57e-08
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294  39 MLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15203   9 LIIVLGVVGNLLVIYVVLRNKSMQTVTNIFILNLAVSDLLLCLVSLPFTLIYTLTKNWPFGSILCKL 75
7tmA_NMU-R1 cd15358
neuromedin U receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-105 6.74e-08

neuromedin U receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure.


Pssm-ID: 320480 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 305  Bit Score: 48.61  E-value: 6.74e-08
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILlGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGY-FVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15358   3 VCVTYLLIFVV-GAVGNGLTCIVILRHKVMRTPTNYYLFSLAVSDLLVLLLGMPLELYEMWSNYpFLLGAGGCYF 76
7tmA_amine_R-like cd14967
amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-105 7.20e-08

amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Amine receptors of the class A family of GPCRs include adrenoceptors, 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and trace amine receptors. The receptors of amine subfamily are major therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 320098 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 259  Bit Score: 48.33  E-value: 7.20e-08
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd14967   1 LLAVFLSLIILVTVFGNLLVILAVYRNRRLRTVTNYFIVSLAVADLLVALLVMPFSAVYTLLGYWPFGPVLCRF 74
7tmA_Melanopsin cd15336
vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-105 1.01e-07

vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanopsin (also called Opsin-4) is the G protein-coupled photopigment that mediates non-visual responses to light. In mammals, these photoresponses include the photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, pupillary constriction, and acute nocturnal melatonin suppression. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. Melanopsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320458 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 290  Bit Score: 48.18  E-value: 1.01e-07
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15336   2 TVGSVILIIGITGMLGNALVIYAFCRSKKLRTPANYFIINLAVSDFLMSLTQSPIFFVNSLHKRWIFGEKGCEL 75
7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like cd00637
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ...
33-105 1.07e-07

rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections.


Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 275  Bit Score: 48.05  E-value: 1.07e-07
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  33 LAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd00637   1 LAVLYILIFVVGLVGNLLVILVILRNRRLRTVTNYFILNLAVADLLVGLLVIPFSLVSLLLGRWWFGDALCKL 73
7tmA_NMU-R2 cd15357
neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
40-105 5.84e-07

neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure.


Pssm-ID: 320479 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 293  Bit Score: 46.01  E-value: 5.84e-07
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294  40 LILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGY-FVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15357  10 IFVVGVIGNLLVCLVILKHQNMKTPTNYYLFSLAVSDLLVLLFGMPLEVYEMWSNYpFLFGPVGCYF 76
7tm_1 pfam00001
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ...
48-103 1.58e-06

7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins.


Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 256  Bit Score: 44.60  E-value: 1.58e-06
                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294    48 NFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANH-FMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:pfam00001   2 NLLVILVILRNKKLRTPTNIFLLNLAVADLlFSLLTLPFWLVYYLNHGDWPFGSALC 58
7tmA_NTSR-like cd14979
neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of ...
33-105 1.76e-06

neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes the neurotensin receptors and related G-protein coupled receptors, including neuromedin U receptors, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, the putative GPR39 and the capa receptors from insects. These receptors all bind peptide hormones with diverse physiological effects. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 320110 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 300  Bit Score: 44.65  E-value: 1.76e-06
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  33 LAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGY-FVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd14979   3 VTAIYVAIFVVGIVGNLLTCIVIARHKSLRTTTNYYLFSLAVSDLLILLVGLPVELYNFWWQYpWAFGDGGCKL 76
7tmA_tmt_opsin cd15086
teleost multiple tissue (tmt) opsin, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 5.15e-06

teleost multiple tissue (tmt) opsin, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Teleost multiple tissue (tmt) opsins are homologs of encephalopsin. Mouse encephalopsin (or panopsin) is highly expressed in the brain and testes, whereas the teleost homologs are localized to multiple tissues. The exact functions of the encephalopsins and tmt-opsins are unknown. The vertebrate non-visual opsin family includes pinopsins, parapinopsin, VA (vertebrate ancient) opsins, and parietopsins. These non-visual opsins are expressed in various extra-retinal tissues and/or in non-rod, non-cone retinal cells. They are thought to be involved in light-dependent physiological functions such as photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodicity and body color change. Tmt opsins belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and show strong homology to the vertebrate visual opsins.


Pssm-ID: 320214 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 276  Bit Score: 43.19  E-value: 5.15e-06
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15086   2 VVAVFLGFILTFGFLNNLLVLVLFCKYKVLRSPINLLLLNISLSDLLVCVLGTPFSFAASTQGRWLIGEHGC 73
7tmA_NKR_NK3R cd16003
neuromedin-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
48-105 1.19e-05

neuromedin-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The neuromedin-K receptor (NKR), also known as tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3) or neurokinin B receptor or NK3R, is a G-protein coupled receptor that specifically binds to neurokinin B. The tachykinins (TKs) act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty.


Pssm-ID: 320669 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 282  Bit Score: 42.22  E-value: 1.19e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 90184294  48 NFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd16003  18 NLIVIWIILAHKRMRTVTNYFLVNLAFSDASMAAFNTLINFIYALHSEWYFGEAYCRF 75
7tmA_Opsin_Gq_invertebrates cd15337
invertebrate Gq opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
32-103 2.17e-05

invertebrate Gq opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The invertebrate Gq-coupled opsin subfamily includes the arthropod and mollusc visual opsins. Like the vertebrate visual opsins, arthropods possess color vision by the use of multiple opsins sensitive to different light wavelengths. The invertebrate Gq opsins are closely related to the vertebrate melanopsins, the primary photoreceptor molecules for non-visual responses to light, and the R1-R6 photoreceptors, which are the fly equivalent to the vertebrate rods. The Gq opsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops.


Pssm-ID: 320459 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 292  Bit Score: 41.54  E-value: 2.17e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANH-FMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15337   2 LIGIYIAIVGILGVIGNLLVIYLFSKTKSLRTPSNMFIINLAISDFgFSAVNGFPLKTISSFNKKWIWGKVAC 74
7tmA_5-HT7 cd15329
serotonin receptor subtype 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 5.87e-05

serotonin receptor subtype 7, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT7 receptor, one of 14 mammalian serotonin receptors, is a member of the class A of GPCRs and is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). 5-HT7 receptor mainly couples to Gs protein, which positively stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP formation and calcium influx. 5-HT7 receptor is expressed in various human tissues, mainly in the brain, the lower gastrointestinal tract and in vital blood vessels including the coronary artery. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in neurologic disorders such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression.


Pssm-ID: 320452 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 260  Bit Score: 39.95  E-value: 5.87e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15329   2 LIGIVLLIIILGTVVGNALVIIAVCLVKKLRTPSNYLIVSLAVSDLLVALLVMPLAIIYELSGYWPFGEILC 73
7tmA_TACR cd15390
neurokinin receptors (or tachykinin receptors), member of the class A family of ...
30-105 6.50e-05

neurokinin receptors (or tachykinin receptors), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents G-protein coupled receptors for a variety of neuropeptides of the tachykinin (TK) family. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty.


Pssm-ID: 320512 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 289  Bit Score: 39.97  E-value: 6.50e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 90184294  30 YSVLAAYMFMLILLGlpiNFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15390   3 WSIVFVVMVLVAIGG---NLIVIWIVLAHKRMRTVTNYFLVNLAVADLLISAFNTVFNFTYLLYNDWPFGLFYCKF 75
7tmA_CCK_R cd15206
cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-104 8.64e-05

cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors.


Pssm-ID: 320334 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 269  Bit Score: 39.68  E-value: 8.64e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGlpiNFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCY 104
Cdd:cd15206   5 PLYSVIFLLAVVG---NILVIVTLVQNKRMRTVTNVFLLNLAVSDLLLAVFCMPFTLVGQLLRNFIFGEVMCK 74
7tmA_CCK-BR cd15979
cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 9.55e-05

cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors.


Pssm-ID: 320645 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 275  Bit Score: 39.41  E-value: 9.55e-05
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGlpiNFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15979   5 LLYSVIFLLSVFG---NMLIIVVLGLNKRLRTVTNSFLLSLALSDLMLAVFCMPFTLIPNLMGTFIFGEVIC 73
7tmA_Histamine_H3R_H4R cd15048
histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 1.12e-04

histamine receptor subtypes H3R and H4R, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes histamine subtypes H3R and H4R, members of the histamine receptor family, which belong to the class A of GPCRs. Histamine plays a key role as chemical mediator and neurotransmitter in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Histamine exerts its functions by binding to four different G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4). The H3 and H4 receptors couple to the G(i)-proteins, which leading to the inhibition of cAMP formation. The H3R receptor functions as a presynaptic autoreceptors controlling histamine release and synthesis. The H4R plays an important role in histamine-mediated chemotaxis in mast cells and eosinophils. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 320176 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 296  Bit Score: 39.21  E-value: 1.12e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLcgFTITLYTS--LHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15048   2 VLAVLISVLILVTVIGNLLVILAFIKDKKLRTVSNFFLLNLAVADFLVGL--VSMPFYIPytLTGKWPFGKVFC 73
7tmA_TACR-like cd15202
tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of ...
32-105 1.14e-04

tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the neurokinin/tachykinin receptors and its closely related receptors such as orphan GPR83 and leucokinin-like peptide receptor. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty.


Pssm-ID: 320330 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 288  Bit Score: 39.41  E-value: 1.14e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15202   2 LLIVAYSFIIVFSLFGNVLVCWIIFKNQRMRTVTNYFIVNLAVADIMITLFNTPFTFVRAVNNTWIFGLFMCHF 75
7tmA_PrRP_R cd15394
prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
39-105 2.54e-04

prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10) is expressed in the central nervous system with the highest levels located in the anterior pituitary and is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing a C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acids (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acids (PrRP-31), where PrRP-20 is a C-terminal fragment of PrRP-31. Binding of PrRP to the receptor coupled to G(i/o) proteins activates the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and it can also couple to G(q) protein leading to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). The PrRP receptor shares significant sequence homology with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor, and micromolar levels of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors. PrRP has been shown to reduce food intake and body weight and modify body temperature when administered in rats. It also has been shown to decrease circulating growth hormone levels by activating somatostatin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus.


Pssm-ID: 320516 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 286  Bit Score: 38.18  E-value: 2.54e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 90184294  39 MLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANhfMVLCGFTITL---YTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15394   9 LVVLVGVVGNYLLIYVICRTKKMHNVTNFLIGNLAFSD--MLMCATCVPLtlaYAFEPRGWVFGRFMCYF 76
7tmA_BNGR-A34-like cd15000
putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ...
37-105 4.31e-04

putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes putative neuropeptide receptor BNGR-A34 found in silkworm and its closely related proteins from invertebrates. They are members of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs, which represent a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 320131 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 285  Bit Score: 37.79  E-value: 4.31e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 90184294  37 MFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15000   6 FLPVVLFGIFGNFVLLYILASNRSLRTPTNLLIGNMALADLLTLLVCPWMFLVHDFFQNYVLGSVGCKL 74
7tmA_TACR_family cd14992
tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of ...
31-96 5.08e-04

tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled receptors for a variety of neuropeptides of the tachykinin (TK) family as well as closely related receptors. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty.


Pssm-ID: 320123 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 291  Bit Score: 37.41  E-value: 5.08e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 90184294  31 SVLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVL--CGFTITLYTSLHGYF 96
Cdd:cd14992   1 IILGVALVVIILVSVVGNFIVIAALARHKNLRGATNYFIASLAISDLLMALfcTPFNFTYVVSLSWEY 68
7tmA_Encephalopsin cd15078
encephalopsins (opsin-3), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
42-105 6.09e-04

encephalopsins (opsin-3), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Encephalopsin, also called Opsin-3 or Panopsin, is a mammalian extra-retinal opsin that is highly localized in the brain. It is thought to play a role in encephalic photoreception. Encephalopsin belongs to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and shows strong homology to the vertebrate visual opsins.


Pssm-ID: 320206 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 279  Bit Score: 37.12  E-value: 6.09e-04
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  42 LLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15078  12 FLGVCNNLLVLILYYKFKRLRTPTNLLLVNISLSDLLVSLLGVTFTFMSCVRGRWVFDVAGCVW 75
7tmA_NK1R cd16002
neurokinin 1 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
48-105 1.16e-03

neurokinin 1 receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), also known as tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) or substance P receptor (SPR), is a G-protein coupled receptor found in the mammalian central nervous and peripheral nervous systems. The tachykinins act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. SP is an extremely potent vasodilator through endothelium dependent mechanism and is released from the autonomic sensory nerves. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception.


Pssm-ID: 320668 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 284  Bit Score: 36.38  E-value: 1.16e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 90184294  48 NFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd16002  18 NIIVMWIILAHKRMRTVTNYFLVNLAFAEASMSAFNTVINFTYAIHNEWYYGLEYCKF 75
7tmA_KiSS1R cd15095
KiSS1-derived peptide (kisspeptin) receptor, member of the class A family of ...
40-105 1.27e-03

KiSS1-derived peptide (kisspeptin) receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (GPR54 or kisspeptin receptor) binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (previously known as metastin), which encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1) expressed in various endocrine and reproductive tissues. The KiSS1 receptor is coupled to G proteins of the G(q/11) family, which lead to activation of phospholipase C and increase of intracellular calcium. This signaling cascade plays an important role in reproduction by regulating the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.


Pssm-ID: 320223 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 288  Bit Score: 36.49  E-value: 1.27e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 90184294  40 LILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFAN-HFMVLCG-FTITLYTSLHgyFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd15095  10 IFLVGLAGNSLVIYVVSRHREMRTVTNYYIVNLAVTDlAFLVCCVpFTAALYATPS--WVFGDFMCKF 75
7tmA_GPR83 cd15389
G protein-coupled receptor 83, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-104 1.28e-03

G protein-coupled receptor 83, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR83, also known as GPR72, is widely expressed in the brain, including hypothalamic nuclei which is involved in regulating energy balance and food intake. The hypothalamic expression of GPR83 is tightly regulated in response to nutrient availability and is decreased in obese mice. A recent study suggests that GPR83 has a critical role in the regulation of systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms. GPR83 shares a significant amino acid sequence identity with the tachykinin receptors, however its endogenous ligand is unknown.


Pssm-ID: 320511 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 285  Bit Score: 36.16  E-value: 1.28e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFmLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCY 104
Cdd:cd15389   3 LIVAYSI-IIVISLFGNSLVCHVIFKNKRMHTATNLFIVNLAVSDILITLLNTPFTLVRFVNSTWVFGKIMCH 74
7tmA_Galanin_R-like cd14971
galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-105 2.52e-03

galanin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled galanin receptors, kisspeptin receptor and allatostatin-A receptor (AstA-R) in insects. These receptors, which are members of the class A of seven transmembrane GPCRs, share a high degree of sequence homology among themselves. The galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, eating disorders, and epilepsy, among many others. KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (also known as GPR54 or kisspeptin receptor) binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (metastin), which encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1) expressed in various endocrine and reproductive tissues. AstA-R is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control.


Pssm-ID: 320102 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 281  Bit Score: 35.52  E-value: 2.52e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLC--GFTITLYTSLHgyFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd14971   2 IVPLFFALIFLLGLVGNSLVILVVARNKPMRSTTNLFILNLAVADLTFLLFcvPFTATIYPLPG--WVFGDFMCKF 75
7tmA_alpha1B_AR cd15326
alpha-1 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
40-103 2.56e-03

alpha-1 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that primarily mediate smooth muscle contraction: alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1D. Activation of alpha-1 receptors by catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine couples to the G(q) protein, which then activates the phospholipase C pathway, leading to an increase in IP3 and calcium. Consequently, the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration leads to vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vessels. In addition, activation of alpha-1 receptors by phenylpropanolamine (PPA) produces anorexia and may induce appetite suppression in rats.


Pssm-ID: 320449 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 261  Bit Score: 35.64  E-value: 2.56e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 90184294  40 LILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15326  10 FILFAIVGNILVILSVVCNRHLRIPTNYFIVNLAIADLLLSFTVLPFSATLEILGYWVFGRIFC 73
7tmA_NPY2R cd15399
neuropeptide Y receptor type 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
40-104 2.65e-03

neuropeptide Y receptor type 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to G(i) or G(o) proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. When NPY signals through NPY2R in concert with NPY5R, it induces angiogenesis and consequently plays an important role in revascularization and wound healing. On the other hand, when NPY acts through NPY1R and NPYR5, it acts as a vascular mitogen, leading to restenosis and atherosclerosis.


Pssm-ID: 320521 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 285  Bit Score: 35.57  E-value: 2.65e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  40 LILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCY 104
Cdd:cd15399  10 IILLGVVGNSLVIYVVIKFKNMRTVTNFFIANLAVADLMVNTLCLPFTLVYTLLDEWKFGAVLCH 74
7tmA_Retinal_GPR cd15072
retinal G protein coupled receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
39-103 3.03e-03

retinal G protein coupled receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents the retinal G-protein coupled receptor (RGR) found exclusively in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Muller cells. RGR is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like receptor family. As with other opsins, RGR binds all-trans retinal and contains a conserved lysine reside on the seventh helix. RGR functions as a photoisomerase to catalyze the conversion of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal. Two mutations in RGR gene are found in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, indicating that RGR is essential to the visual process.


Pssm-ID: 320200 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 260  Bit Score: 35.41  E-value: 3.03e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 90184294  39 MLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANhFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15072   9 VEALVGFSLNGLTILSFCKTRELRTPSNLLVLSLAVAD-MGISLNALVAASSSLLRRWPYGSEGC 72
7tmA_purinoceptor-like cd14982
purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 3.08e-03

purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Members of this subfamily include lysophosphatidic acid receptor, P2 purinoceptor, protease-activated receptor, platelet-activating factor receptor, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2, proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, GPR35, and GPR55, among others. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 341318 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 283  Bit Score: 35.32  E-value: 3.08e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd14982   2 LFPIVYSLIFILGLLGNILALWVFLRKMKKRSPTTIYMINLALADLLFVLTLPFRIYYYLNGGWWPFGDFLC 73
7tmA_CCKR-like cd14993
cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ...
41-103 3.61e-03

cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents four G-protein coupled receptors that are members of the RFamide receptor family, including cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR), orexin receptors (OXR), neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR), and pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor (QRFPR). These RFamide receptors are activated by their endogenous peptide ligands that share a common C-terminal arginine (R) and an amidated phenylanine (F) motif. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Orexins (OXs; also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. The 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of NPFF are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R.


Pssm-ID: 320124 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 296  Bit Score: 34.88  E-value: 3.61e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  41 ILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd14993  11 FLLALVGNSLVIAVVLRNKHMRTVTNYFLVNLAVADLLVSLFCMPLTLLENVYRPWVFGEVLC 73
7tmA_NPR-like_invertebrate cd15391
invertebrate neuropeptide receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
41-103 3.80e-03

invertebrate neuropeptide receptor-like, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes putative neuropeptide receptor found in invertebrates, which is a member of class A of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. This orphan receptor shares a significant amino acid sequence identity with the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). The endogenous ligand for NK1R is substance P, an 11-amino acid peptide that functions as a vasodilator and neurotransmitter and is released from the autonomic sensory nerve fibers.


Pssm-ID: 320513 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 289  Bit Score: 35.18  E-value: 3.80e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 90184294  41 ILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15391  11 IFLSVGGNYSVIVVFYDGRRSRTDLNYYLINLAVSDLIMALFCMPFTFTQIMLGHWVFPAPMC 73
7tmA_SKR_NK2R cd16004
substance-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
39-105 4.27e-03

substance-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The substance-K receptor (SKR), also known as tachykinin receptor 2 (TACR2) or neurokinin A receptor or NK2R, is a G-protein coupled receptor that specifically binds to neurokinin A. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception.


Pssm-ID: 320670 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 285  Bit Score: 34.82  E-value: 4.27e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294  39 MLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGCYF 105
Cdd:cd16004   9 LIVLVAVTGNATVIWIILAHRRMRTVTNYFIVNLALADLSMAAFNTAFNFVYASHNDWYFGLEFCRF 75
7tmA_OXR cd15208
orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ...
32-103 6.11e-03

orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Orexins (OXs, also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. Thus, activation of OX1R or OX2R will activate phospholipase activity and the phosphatidylinositol and calcium signaling pathways. Additionally, OX2R activation can also lead to inhibition of adenylate cyclase.


Pssm-ID: 320336 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 303  Bit Score: 34.29  E-value: 6.11e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15208   2 VLIALYILVFIVGLVGNVLVCFAVWRNHHMRTVTNYFIVNLSLADFLVIIICLPATLLVDVTETWFFGQVLC 73
7tmA_alpha2_AR cd15059
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ...
32-103 6.93e-03

alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes.


Pssm-ID: 320187 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 261  Bit Score: 34.24  E-value: 6.93e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 90184294  32 VLAAYMFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15059   2 AISSIVSVVILLIIVGNVLVIVAVLTSRKLRAPQNWFLVSLAVADILVGLLIMPFSLVNELMGYWYFGSVWC 73
7tmA_DmOct-betaAR-like cd15066
Drosophila melanogaster beta-adrenergic receptor-like octopamine receptors and similar ...
37-103 9.55e-03

Drosophila melanogaster beta-adrenergic receptor-like octopamine receptors and similar receptors in bilateria; member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila beta-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors and similar proteins. The biogenic amine octopamine is the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate adrenergic neurotransmitters and exerts its effects through different G protein-coupled receptor types. Insect octopamine receptors are involved in the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism, muscular tension, cognition and memory. The activation of octopamine receptors mediating these actions leads to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby increasing cAMP levels. In Drosophila melanogaster, three subgroups have been classified on the basis of their structural homology and functional equivalents with vertebrate beta-adrenergic receptors: DmOctBeta1R, DmOctBeta2R, and DmOctBeta3R.


Pssm-ID: 320194 [Multi-domain]  Cd Length: 265  Bit Score: 33.89  E-value: 9.55e-03
                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 90184294  37 MFMLILLGLPINFMTLYVTIQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAFANHFMVLCGFTITLYTSLHGYFVFGQTGC 103
Cdd:cd15066   6 MTLIILAAIFGNLLVIISVMRHRKLRVITNYFVVSLAMADMLVALCAMTFNASVEITGRWMFGYFMC 72
 
Blast search parameters
Data Source: Precalculated data, version = cdd.v.3.21
Preset Options:Database: CDSEARCH/cdd   Low complexity filter: no  Composition Based Adjustment: yes   E-value threshold: 0.01

References:

  • Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
  • Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
  • Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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