U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in Arabidopsis plant U-box proteins (AtPUB) and similar proteins; The plant PUB proteins, also known as U-box domain-containing proteins, are much more numerous in Arabidopsis which has 62 in comparison with the typical 6 in most animals. The majority of AtPUBs in this subfamily are known as ARM domain-containing PUB proteins, containing a C-terminally-located, tandem ARM (armadillo) repeat protein-interaction region in addition to the U-box domain. They have been implicated in the regulation of cell death and defense. They also play important roles in other plant-specific pathways, such as controlling both self-incompatibility and pseudo-self-incompatibility, as well as acting in abiotic stress. A subgroup of ARM domain-containing PUB proteins harbors a plant-specific U-box N-terminal domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20453195 280 PEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCL 332
Cdd:cd16664   1 PEEFICPISLELMKDPVILATGQTYERAAIEKWLDSGNNTCPITGQPLTHTDL 53

U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in Arabidopsis plant U-box proteins (AtPUB) and similar proteins; The plant PUB proteins, also known as U-box domain-containing proteins, are much more numerous in Arabidopsis which has 62 in comparison with the typical 6 in most animals. The majority of AtPUBs in this subfamily are known as ARM domain-containing PUB proteins, containing a C-terminally-located, tandem ARM (armadillo) repeat protein-interaction region in addition to the U-box domain. They have been implicated in the regulation of cell death and defense. They also play important roles in other plant-specific pathways, such as controlling both self-incompatibility and pseudo-self-incompatibility, as well as acting in abiotic stress. A subgroup of ARM domain-containing PUB proteins harbors a plant-specific U-box N-terminal domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20453195 280 PEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCL 332
Cdd:cd16664   1 PEEFICPISLELMKDPVILATGQTYERAAIEKWLDSGNNTCPITGQPLTHTDL 53

U-box domain; The U-box is a domain of ~70 amino acids that is present in proteins from yeast to human. It consists of the beta-beta-alpha-beta-alpha- fold typical of U-box and RING domains. The central alpha helix is flanked by two prominent surface-exposed loop regions. This domain is one class of E3 ligases, involved in the ubiquitination process. This domain is related to the Ring finger pfam00097 but lacks the zinc binding residues.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20453195   280 PEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCLTPNYCVKALISSWCEQN 349
Cdd:pfam04564   2 PDEFLDPITFELMTDPVILPSGITYDRSTIERHLLSVDPTDPFTREPLTHDQLIPNLELKAKIDAWLEEK 71

U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in Arabidopsis plant U-box proteins (AtPUB) and similar proteins; The plant PUB proteins, also known as U-box domain-containing proteins, are much more numerous in Arabidopsis which has 62 in comparison with the typical 6 in most animals. The majority of AtPUBs in this subfamily are known as ARM domain-containing PUB proteins, containing a C-terminally-located, tandem ARM (armadillo) repeat protein-interaction region in addition to the U-box domain. They have been implicated in the regulation of cell death and defense. They also play important roles in other plant-specific pathways, such as controlling both self-incompatibility and pseudo-self-incompatibility, as well as acting in abiotic stress. A subgroup of ARM domain-containing PUB proteins harbors a plant-specific U-box N-terminal domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20453195 280 PEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCL 332
Cdd:cd16664   1 PEEFICPISLELMKDPVILATGQTYERAAIEKWLDSGNNTCPITGQPLTHTDL 53

U-box domain; The U-box is a domain of ~70 amino acids that is present in proteins from yeast to human. It consists of the beta-beta-alpha-beta-alpha- fold typical of U-box and RING domains. The central alpha helix is flanked by two prominent surface-exposed loop regions. This domain is one class of E3 ligases, involved in the ubiquitination process. This domain is related to the Ring finger pfam00097 but lacks the zinc binding residues.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 20453195   280 PEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCLTPNYCVKALISSWCEQN 349
Cdd:pfam04564   2 PDEFLDPITFELMTDPVILPSGITYDRSTIERHLLSVDPTDPFTREPLTHDQLIPNLELKAKIDAWLEEK 71

U-box domain, a modified RING finger; The U-box protein family is a family of E3 enzymes that also includes the HECT family and the RING finger family. The E3 enzyme is ubiquitin-protein ligase that cooperates with a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) and a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and plays a central role in determining the specificity of the ubiquitination system. It removes the ubiquitin molecule from the E2 enzyme and attaches it to the target substrate, forming a covalent bond between ubiquitin and the target. U-box proteins are characterized by the presence of a U-box domain of approximately 70 amino acids. The U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating cysteines and histidines. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 20453195 283 LRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDgHNTCPKTHQQL 327
Cdd:cd16453   1 FLCPISGELMKDPVITPSGITYDRSAIERWLLS-DNTDPFTREPL 44

first U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in Legionella pneumophila U-box protein LubX and similar proteins; LubX, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase LubX, is part of the large arsenal of effectors in Legionella pneumophila that are translocated into the host cytosol during infection. LubX acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (EC 2.3.2.27) that interferes with the host's ubiquitination pathway. LubX contains two RING-like U-box domains. U-box 1 is critical to the ubiquitin ligase activity, and U-box 2 mediates interaction with host target. This model corresponds to the first one.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 20453195 283 LRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFsDGHNTCPKTHQQLSHLCLTPNY 336
Cdd:cd23149   1 FTCPITSGFMEDPVITPSGFSYERSAIERWL-ETKPEDPQTREPLTAKDLQPNR 53

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) and similar proteins; TRAF7, also known as RING finger and WD repeat-containing protein 1 or RING finger protein 119 (RNF119), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in signal transduction pathways that lead either to activation or repression of NF-kappaB transcription factor by promoting K29-linked ubiquitination of several cellular targets, including the NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB transcription factor. It is also involved in K29-linked polyubiquitination that has been implicated in lysosomal degradation of proteins. Moreover, TRAF7 is required for K48-linked ubiquitination of p53, a key tumor suppressor and a master regulator of various signaling pathways, such as those related to apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair. It is also required for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced Jun N-terminal kinase activation and promotes cell death by regulating polyubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of c-FLIP protein. Furthermore, TRAF7 functions as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase involved in other post-translational modification, such as sumoylation. It binds to and stimulates sumoylation of the proto-oncogene product c-Myb, a transcription factor regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It potentiates MEKK3-induced AP1 and CHOP activation and induces apoptosis. Meanwhile, TRAF7 mediates MyoD1 regulation of the pathway and cell-cycle progression in myoblasts. It also plays a role in Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling. TRAF7 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and an adjacent zinc finger, and a unique C-terminal domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and seven WD40 repeats.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 20453195 279 PPEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEkwfSDGHNTCPKTHQQL 327
Cdd:cd16644   2 PSVKLYCPLCQRVFKDPVITSCGHTFCRRCAL---TAPGEKCPVDNMKL 47

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS 1-5. They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that may participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and/or epigenetic transcriptional silencing. ORTHRUS 1 mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. ORTHRUS 2 and 5 mediate ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. ORTHRUS 1 and 2 promote methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. They can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrates. Members of this subfamily contain two typical C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20453195 281 EELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSDGHNTCPK 322
Cdd:cd23138   1 DELNCSFCMQLPERPVTTPCGHNFCLKCFQKWMGQGKKTCGT 42

U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 B (UBE4B) and similar proteins; UBE4B, also known as UFD2a, is a U-box-type ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an E4 polyubiquitin chain elongation factor, which catalyzes formation of Lys27- and Lys33-linked polyubiquitin chains rather than the Lys48-linked chain. It is a mammalian homolog of yeast UFD2 ubiquitination factor and it participates in the proteasomal degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins through association with chaperones. It is located in common neuroblastoma deletion regions and may be subject to mutations in tumors. UBE4B has contradictory functions upon tumorigenesis as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of cancers. It is essential for Hdm2 (also known as Mdm2)-mediated p53 degradation. It mediates p53 polyubiquitination and degradation, as well as inhibits p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis, and thus plays an important role in regulating phosphorylated p53 following DNA damage. UBE4B is also associated with other pathways independent of the p53 family, such as polyglutamine aggregation and Wallerian degeneration, both of which are critical in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, UBE4B acts as a regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation. It is recruited to endosomes in response to EGFR activation by binding to Hrs, a key component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) 0, and then regulates endosomal sorting, affecting cellular levels of the EGFR and its downstream signaling. UBE4B contains a ubiquitin elongating factor core and a RING-like U-box domain at the C-terminus.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20453195 279 PPEELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEK-WFSDghNTCPKTHQQLSHLCLTPNYCVKALISSWCEQN 349
Cdd:cd16658   4 APDEFLDPLMDTLMTDPVILPSGTIMDRSIILRhLLNS--QTDPFNRQPLTEDMLEPVPELKERIQAWIREK 73

cellulose synthase-interactive protein; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 20453195   638 LCTILDTGEPNEQEQAVSLLLILCNHSEICSEMVLQEGVIPSLVSISVNGTQRGRERAQKLLT 700
Cdd:PLN03200  493 LVQLLETGSQKAKEDSATVLWNLCCHSEDIRACVESAGAVPALLWLLKNGGPKGQEIAAKTLT 555

U-box domain, a modified RING finger, found in pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 (Prp19) and similar proteins; Prp19, also known as nuclear matrix protein 200 (NMP200), senescence evasion factor (SNEV), or DNA repair protein Pso4 (psoralen-sensitive mutant 4), is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase with pleiotropic activities in DNA damage signaling, repair, and replicative senescence. It functions as a critical component of DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint complexes. It senses DNA damage, binds double-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner, facilitates processing of damaged DNA, promotes DNA end joining, regulates replication protein A (RPA2) phosphorylation and ubiquitination at damaged DNA, and regulates RNA splicing and mitotic spindle formation in its integral capacity as a scaffold for a multimeric core complex. Prp19 contains an N-terminal E3 ubiquitin ligase U-box domain with E2 recruitment function that facilitates dimerization and is essential for its auto-ubiquitination activity in vitro or when overexpressed, a coiled-coil Prp19 homology region that mediates its tetramerization and interaction with CDC5L and SPF27, and a C-terminal seven-bladed WD40 beta-propeller type of leucine-rich architectural repeats that form an asymmetrical barrel-shaped structure important for substrate recognition and recruitment.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 20453195 283 LRCPISLQLMYDPVI-IASGQTYERICIEKWFSDgHNTCPKTHQQLS 328
Cdd:cd16656   1 MVCAISGEVPEEPVVsPKSGHVFEKRLIEKYIAE-NGTDPVTGEPLT 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM41, TRIM52 and similar proteins; TRIM41 and TRIM52, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, have dramatically expanded RING domains compared with the rest of the TRIM family proteins. TRIM41 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM52 lacks the putative viral recognition SPRY/B30.2 domain, and thus has been classified to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains only RBCC domains. TRIM41, also known as RING finger-interacting protein with C kinase (RINCK), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in cells. It specifically recognizes the C1 domain of PKC isozymes. It controls the amplitude of PKC signaling by controlling the amount of PKC in the cell. TRIM52, also known as RING finger protein 102 (RNF102), is encoded by a novel, noncanonical antiviral TRIM52 gene in primate genomes with unique specificity determined by the rapidly evolving RING domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 20453195 281 EELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWFSdghNTCPKTHQQLSHLCLTPN 335
Cdd:cd16602   2 EEAVCAICLDYFKDPVSIGCGHNFCRVCVTQLWG---FTCPQCRKSFPRRSFRPN 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20453195 281 EELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICIEKWF---SDGHNTCPKTHQQLSH 329
Cdd:cd16609   2 EELTCSICLGLYQDPVTLPCQHSFCRACIEDHWrqkDEGSFSCPECRAPFPE 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 20453195 281 EELRCPISLQLMYDPVIIASGQTYERICI-EKWFSDGHNTCP 321
Cdd:cd16608   5 DELLCSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQCItEHWSRSEHRDCP 46