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TRAK2 trafficking kinesin protein 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 66008, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TRAK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
trafficking kinesin protein 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:13206
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000115993 MIM:607334; AllianceGenome:HGNC:13206
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GRIF1; MILT2; OIP98; CALS-C; GRIF-1; ALS2CR3
Summary
Predicted to enable GABA receptor binding activity and myosin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including mitochondrion distribution; organelle transport along microtubule; and protein O-linked glycosylation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; nucleus; and plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic vesicle; dendrite; and mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 26.1), thyroid (RPKM 23.5) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See TRAK2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2q33.1
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (201377207..201451458, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (201857884..201933333, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (202241930..202316181, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16984 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16985 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16986 Neighboring gene melanoma risk locus-associated MPRA allelic enhancer 2:202122995 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16988 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16989 Neighboring gene caspase 8 Neighboring gene melanoma risk locus-associated MPRA allelic enhancer 2:202153225 Neighboring gene flagellum associated containing coiled-coil domains 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202184683-202185184 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202185185-202185684 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16990 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202289002-202289502 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202289503-202290003 Neighboring gene SCYL2 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202315536-202316390 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12232 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202329405-202329904 Neighboring gene STE20 related adaptor beta Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:202348230-202348988 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906113 Neighboring gene C2 calcium dependent domain containing 6

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Mitochondrial adaptor TRAK2 activates and functionally links opposing kinesin and dynein motors. Fenton AR, et al. Nat Commun, 2021 Jul 28. PMID 34321481, Free PMC Article
  2. Human Miltons associate with mitochondria and induce microtubule-dependent remodeling of mitochondrial networks. Koutsopoulos OS, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2010 May. PMID 20230862
  3. miR-487b and TRAK2 that form an axis to regulate the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma, are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Wang F, et al. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2020 Aug. PMID 32267991
  4. TRAK2, a novel regulator of ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis. Lake NJ, et al. Eur Heart J, 2017 Dec 21. PMID 28655204, Free PMC Article
  5. Mapping the GRIF-1 binding domain of the kinesin, KIF5C, substantiates a role for GRIF-1 as an adaptor protein in the anterograde trafficking of cargoes. Smith MJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2006 Sep 15. PMID 16835241

See all (40) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Mitochondrial adaptor TRAK2 activates and functionally links opposing kinesin and dynein motors.
    Title: Mitochondrial adaptor TRAK2 activates and functionally links opposing kinesin and dynein motors.
  2. miR-487b and TRAK2 that form an axis to regulate the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma, are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.
    Title: miR-487b and TRAK2 that form an axis to regulate the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma, are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.
  3. TRAK2 is a novel regulator of LXR-mediated ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux, and HDL biogenesis. TRAK2 may therefore be an important target in the development of anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
    Title: TRAK2, a novel regulator of ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis.
  4. Full-length APC promotes assembly of the Miro-1/Milton-2 complex.
    Title: APC binds the Miro/Milton motor complex to stimulate transport of mitochondria to the plasma membrane.
  5. This study showed that the TRAK2 was more prevalent in dendrites of hippocampal neurons. In cortical neurons, TRAK2 was equally distributed between axons and dendrites.
    Title: Localization of the kinesin adaptor proteins trafficking kinesin proteins 1 and 2 in primary cultures of hippocampal pyramidal and cortical neurons.
  6. The results of this study established a key role for mammalian TRAK2 proteins in axonal and dendritic targeting of mitochondria.
    Title: TRAK/Milton motor-adaptor proteins steer mitochondrial trafficking to axons and dendrites.
  7. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
  8. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip.
  9. These data suggest that Miro1 and the kinesin adaptor Grif-1 play an important role in regulating mitochondrial transport in neurons.
    Title: GTPase dependent recruitment of Grif-1 by Miro1 regulates mitochondrial trafficking in hippocampal neurons.
  10. Binds to Kir2.1 and facilitates trafficking of this channel to the cell surface.
    Title: Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-interacting factor 1 (TRAK2) as a trafficking factor for the K+ channel Kir2.1.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • KIAA0549

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables GABA receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables GABA receptor binding NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables myosin binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in mitochondrion distribution IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in neurogenesis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein targeting IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in vesicle transport along microtubule IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in axon cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cytoplasmic vesicle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in dendrite IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in early endosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2
Names
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase interacting protein 98
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 3
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region candidate gene 3 protein
gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor-interacting factor
milton homolog 2
trafficking protein, kinesin binding 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_015049.3 → NP_055864.2  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055864.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AB011121, AB038951, AC007256, CA396280, DA314514, DA414989, DA575492
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2347.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    E7EV21, O60296, Q8WVH7, Q96NS2, Q9C0K5, Q9C0K6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8IU62
    Related
    ENSP00000328875.3, ENST00000332624.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam04849
    Location:50 → 353
    HAP1_N; HAP1 N-terminal conserved region
    pfam12448
    Location:427 → 567
    Milton; Kinesin associated protein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    201377207..201451458 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047445578.1 → XP_047301534.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    E7EV21, O60296, Q8WVH7, Q96NS2, Q9C0K5, Q9C0K6

  2. XM_047445579.1 → XP_047301535.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    201857884..201933333 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054343511.1 → XP_054199486.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1

  2. XM_054343508.1 → XP_054199483.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1

  3. XM_054343510.1 → XP_054199485.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1

  4. XM_054343509.1 → XP_054199484.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1

  5. XM_054343512.1 → XP_054199487.1  trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O60296.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O60296

Gene LinkOut

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