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Akh Adipokinetic hormone [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 38495, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Akhprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
Adipokinetic hormoneprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0004552
Locus tag
Dmel_CG1171
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004552
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
ADKH; akh; AKH; AKH1; CG1171; dAkh; dAKH; Dmel\CG1171; Drm-AKH; DrmAKH; Hrth
Summary
Enables adipokinetic hormone receptor binding activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. Involved in several processes, including neuropeptide signaling pathway; positive regulation of insulin secretion; and positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process. Located in extracellular space. Is expressed in several structures, including adult thorax; corpus cardiacum; corpus cardiacum primordium; larval central nervous system; and retrocerebral complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See Akh in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
64A7-64A7; 3-10 cM
Exon count:
2
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (4141467..4142070)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (4141467..4142070)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Ras opposite Neighboring gene Ras oncogene at 64B Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster contains a novel charged adipokinetic-hormone-family peptide. Schaffer MH, et al. Biochem J, 1990 Jul 15. PMID 2117437, Free PMC Article
  2. The Adipokinetic Peptides in Diptera: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Trends. Gäde G, et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020. PMID 32296388, Free PMC Article
  3. Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila. Mochanová M, et al. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2018 Dec. PMID 30110658
  4. Chronic low-dose pro-oxidant treatment stimulates transcriptional activity of telomeric retroelements and increases telomere length in Drosophila. Korandová M, et al. J Insect Physiol, 2018 Jan. PMID 29122549
  5. Suppression of conditioned odor approach by feeding is independent of taste and nutritional value in Drosophila. Gruber F, et al. Curr Biol, 2013 Mar 18. PMID 23477724

See all (268) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Peroxisomal ERK mediates Akh/glucagon action and glycemic control.
    Title: Peroxisomal ERK mediates Akh/glucagon action and glycemic control.
  2. GnRH-Related Neurohormones in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster.
    Title: GnRH-Related Neurohormones in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster.
  3. AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections.
    Title: AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections.
  4. Chronic dysfunction of Stromal interaction molecule by pulsed RNAi induction in fat tissue impairs organismal energy homeostasis in Drosophila.
    Title: Chronic dysfunction of Stromal interaction molecule by pulsed RNAi induction in fat tissue impairs organismal energy homeostasis in Drosophila.
  5. dilp2 modulates lifespan in part by regulating Akh, and by repressing dilp1, which acts as a pro-longevity insulin-like peptide.
    Title: Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp1 increases lifespan and glucagon-like Akh expression epistatic to dilp2.
  6. Data (including data from studies using transgenic and mutant strains) suggest that Akh plays role in control of energy metabolism in this species; lipids appear to be main energy reserve during starvation; once glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources.
    Title: Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila.
  7. During adulthood, however, AKH regulates body fat content and the hemolymph sugar level as well as nutritional and oxidative stress responses. Finally, we provide evidence for a negative autoregulatory loop in Akh gene regulation.
    Title: Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants.
  8. Akh is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis in Drosophila
    Title: Targeted mutagenesis and functional analysis of adipokinetic hormone-encoding gene in Drosophila.
  9. AKH signaling is required in insulin-producing cells for sugar-dependent Dilp3 release.
    Title: Dietary sugar promotes systemic TOR activation in Drosophila through AKH-dependent selective secretion of Dilp3.
  10. Data (including data from studies using transgenic flies) suggest that FoxO (forkhead box sub-group O) acts downstream of AKH (adipokinetic hormone) as transcription factor to mediate response to oxidative stress.
    Title: Knockdown of adipokinetic hormone synthesis increases susceptibility to oxidative stress in Drosophila--a role for dFoxO?
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables adipokinetic hormone receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables hormone activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables neuropeptide hormone activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables neuropeptide hormone activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables neuropeptide hormone activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carbohydrate homeostasis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glucose homeostasis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in lipid homeostasis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to carbohydrate IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to starvation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
adipokinetic hormone
Names
Akh-PA
CG1171-PA
Hypertrehaloseaemic-hormone
adipo- kinetic hormone
adipokinetic hormone-like

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    4141467..4142070
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_079194.2 → NP_523918.1  adipokinetic hormone [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523918.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P61855
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7FNL4
    Related
    FBpp0073069
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06377
    Location:23 → 77
    Adipokin_hormo; Adipokinetic hormone
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P61855.1 P61855

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