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    GDF9 growth differentiation factor 9 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2661, updated on 10-Oct-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    GDF9provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    growth differentiation factor 9provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4224
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000164404 MIM:601918; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4224
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    POF14
    Summary
    This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein regulates ovarian function. Reduced expression of this gene may be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and mutations in this gene may be more common in mothers of dizygotic twins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis (RPKM 3.7), heart (RPKM 1.7) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See GDF9 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5q31.1
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (132861185..132866651, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (133380938..133386405, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (132196877..132202343, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene U7 small nuclear RNA Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 15 pseudogene Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 192 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:132201613-132202812 Neighboring gene ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex III subunit VII Neighboring gene liver enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 Neighboring gene ALF transcription elongation factor 4 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 50

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    growth/differentiation factor 9

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_047051.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5416..10700
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001288824.4NP_001275753.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275753.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC004500
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS75299.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Related
      ENSP00000485037.1, ENST00000624492.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    2. NM_001288825.4NP_001275754.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275754.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC004500
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS75299.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    3. NM_001288826.3NP_001275755.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275755.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains two alternate exons in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 encode the same isoform (2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC004500, AK301962, HY015857, HY211060
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS75299.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Related
      ENSP00000485231.1, ENST00000624495.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    4. NM_001288827.3NP_001275756.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275756.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) contains two alternate exons in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 encode the same isoform (2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK301962, HY045713, HY211060
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS75299.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    5. NM_001288828.3NP_001275757.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275757.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) contains two alternate exons in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 encode the same isoform (2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK301962, HY015857, HY211060
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS75299.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    6. NM_005260.7NP_005251.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform 1 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005251.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC004500
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4162.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O60383, Q4VAW5
      Related
      ENSP00000510441.1, ENST00000687138.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:353453
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      132861185..132866651 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011543310.2XP_011541612.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011541612.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    2. XM_047417094.1XP_047273050.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O60383, Q4VAW5
    3. XM_011543309.2XP_011541611.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011541611.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    4. XM_011543311.4XP_011541613.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:173275
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    5. XM_005271957.6XP_005272014.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005272014.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I5KUL2, B4DXG3
      Related
      ENSP00000296875.3, ENST00000296875.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:263365
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain
    6. XM_011543308.4XP_011541610.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011541610.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O60383, Q4VAW5
      Related
      ENSP00000509893.1, ENST00000464378.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00019
      Location:353453
      TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      133380938..133386405 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054352362.1XP_054208337.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DXG3
    2. XM_054352359.1XP_054208334.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O60383, Q4VAW5
    3. XM_054352361.1XP_054208336.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DXG3
    4. XM_054352363.1XP_054208338.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X3

    5. XM_054352360.1XP_054208335.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DXG3
    6. XM_054352358.1XP_054208333.1  growth/differentiation factor 9 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O60383, Q4VAW5