Lester Reynolds Dragstedt was trained initially as a physiologist and subsequently became a surgeon. He achieved renown not only because of his intellectual and technical skills, but because he was able to utilize physiological principles to define the development of surgical procedures. A humble upbringing in Anaconda, Montana was followed by a scientific education in Chicago. His brief background in surgery was obtained during a two year period spent mostly in Vienna and Budapest. At the University of Chicago, he pioneered the development of therapeutic vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. His research interests were many and varied, ranging from the toxemia of intestinal obstruction to the quest for a pancreatic hormone which might regulate fat metabolism. After retiring as Chairman of Surgery at the University of Chicago, he assumed a research position in surgery at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Dragstedt was a creative scientist, a superlative clinical surgeon, and a teacher honored by his pupils. The example of his life confirms the benefit of scientific inquiry when applied to clinical and surgical practice.