Identification of Dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Promising Antiviral Activities and Desirable Physicochemical Properties

J Med Chem. 2019 Feb 14;62(3):1484-1501. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01656. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Abstract

To address drug resistance to HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a series of novel diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) derivatives targeting "tolerant region I" and "tolerant region II" of the NNRTIs binding pocket (NNIBP) were designed utilizing a structure-guided scaffold-hopping strategy. The dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives 13c2 and 13c4 proved to be exceptionally potent against a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single NNRTI-resistant mutations (EC50 = 0.9-8.4 nM), which were remarkably superior to that of etravirine (ETV). Meanwhile, both compounds exhibited comparable activities with ETV toward the virus with double mutations F227L+V106A and K103N+Y181C. Furthermore, the most active compound 13c2 showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 30.96% and a half-life of 11.1 h, which suggested that 13c2 is worth further investigation as a novel NNRTI to circumvent drug resistance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology*
  • Binding Sites
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Furans / chemical synthesis
  • Furans / pharmacokinetics
  • Furans / pharmacology*
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / chemistry
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / enzymology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Pyrimidines / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacokinetics
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology*
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Furans
  • Pyrimidines
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase