Association of Alternative Approaches to Normalizing Peritoneal Dialysis Clearance with Mortality and Technique Failure: A Retrospective Analysis Using the United States Renal Data System-Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2

Perit Dial Int. 2017;37(1):85-93. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2015.00227. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Abstract

♦ BACKGROUND: Total body water (V) is an imprecise metric for normalization of dialytic urea clearance (Kt). This poses a risk of early mortality/technique failure (TF). We examined differences in the distribution of peritoneal Kt/V when V was calculated with actual weight (AW), ideal weight (IW), and adjusted weight (ADW). We also examined the associations of these Kt/V measurements, Kt/body surface area (BSA), and non-normalized Kt with mortality and TF. ♦ METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 534 incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 2 linked with United States Renal Data System through 2010. Using Cox-proportional hazard models, we examined the relationship of several normalization strategies for peritoneal urea clearance, including Kt/VAW, Kt/VIW, Kt/VADW, Kt/BSA, and non-normalized Kt, with the outcomes of mortality and TF. Harrell's c-statistics were used to assess the relative predictive ability of clearance metrics for mortality and TF. The distributions of Kt/VAW, KT/VIW, and KT/VADW were compared within and between body mass index (BMI) strata. ♦ RESULTS: Median patient age: 59 (54% male; 72% white; 91% continuous ambulatory PD [CAPD]). Median 24-hour urine volume: 700 mL; median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at initiation: 7.15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Technique failure and transplant-censored mortality at 5 years: 37%. Death and transplant-censored TF at 5 years: 60%. There were no significant differences in initial eGFR and 24-hour urine volume across BMI strata. There were statistically significant differences in each Kt/V calculation within the underweight, overweight, and obese strata. After adjustment, there were no significant differences in the hazard ratios (HRs) for TF/mortality for each clearance calculation. Harrell's c-statistics for mortality for each clearance calculation were 0.78, and for TF, 0.60 - 0.61. ♦ CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal urea clearances are sensitive to subtle changes in the estimation of V. However, there were no detectable significant associations of Kt/VAW, Kt/VIW, Kt/VADW, Kt/BSA, or Kt with TF or mortality.

Keywords: Kt/V; Peritoneal dialysis; adjusted weight; ideal weight; mortality; normalizaton of urea clearance; technique failure; urea clearance.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • Cause of Death*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Dialysis Solutions / pharmacology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / diagnosis
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / mortality
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / therapy*
  • Kidney Function Tests
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / adverse effects
  • Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / methods
  • Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / mortality*
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Registries*
  • Renal Dialysis / adverse effects
  • Renal Dialysis / methods
  • Renal Dialysis / mortality*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Survival Analysis
  • United States
  • Urea / blood*

Substances

  • Dialysis Solutions
  • Urea
  • Creatinine